This document discusses the four types of conditional sentences in English: 1) Zero conditional sentences describe commonly known facts using "if" and the simple present tense. 2) First conditional sentences describe possible future situations using "if" and the simple present, and will for the consequence. 3) Second conditional sentences describe imaginary conditions using "if" and the simple past, and would for the consequence. 4) Third conditional sentences describe past situations that cannot be changed using "if" and the past perfect, and would have for the consequence. Examples are provided for each type of conditional sentence.

1. 30. Conditional Sentences
Dr Zafar Ullah, zafarullah76@gmail.com
Functional English 30. Code: 0081

2. Conditional Sentences
• Conditions are used
• Use of “if”
• Use of ‘when”
• If clause, consequence.
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3. Four Types of Conditional Sentences
• 0. Zero Conditional Sentence
• 1. First Conditional Sentence
• 2. Second Conditional Sentence
• 3. Third Conditional Sentence
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4. 0. Zero Conditional Sentence
• Usage: Describe commonly known facts
• ‫اگر‬
‫کھڑے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دھوپ‬ ‫آپ‬
‫ہیں‬ ‫ہوتے‬
‫ہو‬ ‫بیمار‬ ‫آپ‬ ‫تو‬
‫ہیں‬ ‫جاتے‬
• If you stand in the sunshine, you become sick.
• If + Simple Present, Simple Present
• Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees Celsius.
• When you heat ice, it melts.
• It gets dark when the sun goes down.
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5. 1. First Conditional Sentence
• Usage: Possible situation and result will
happen in future.
• ‫اگر‬
‫گے‬ ‫کرو‬ ‫محنت‬ ‫تم‬
‫تو‬
‫گے‬ ‫جاؤ‬ ‫ہو‬ ‫کامیاب‬
• If you work hard, you will succeed.
• If + Simple Present, Simple Future
• We will stay at home if it snows.
• Will you help Ayesha if she asks you?
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6. 2. Second Conditional Sentence
• Usage: An imaginary condition and its result.
• ‫میں‬ ‫دوڑ‬ ‫وہ‬ ‫اگر‬
‫لیتا‬ ‫حصہ‬
‫ٹرافی‬ ‫تو‬
‫لیتا‬ ‫جیت‬
• If +Simple Past, would+ 1st form of the verb.
• If he participated in the race, he would win the trophy.
• I would buy a new board if I accumulated more money.
• If he were rich, he’d buy an island. (he’d= he would)
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7. 3. Third Conditional Sentence
• Usage: Now nothing can be changed or done at this stage.
• ‫میں‬ ‫پیٹرول‬ ‫نے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫اگر‬
‫ہوتی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫کاری‬ ‫سرمایہ‬
‫منافع‬ ‫زیادہ‬ ‫بہت‬ ‫میں‬ ‫تو‬
‫لیتا‬ ‫کما‬
• If I had invested in petrol, I would have earned a huge
profit.
• If + Past Perfect, would have + 3rd form
• They would have finished earlier if the meeting hadn’t been held so late.
• If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a house by the sea.
• Would you have helped me if I had asked you?
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8. Conclusion
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10. Thanks
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11. Question Answers
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