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Empires of Egypt & 
Nubia Collide
What do you think? 
 Add to your notes: Egypt 
both invaded other lands 
and was invaded. What 
conditions, if any, might 
justify an invasion on 
another country? (3-4 
sentences)
Main Idea: 
 2 Empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged 
commercial, cultural, and political connections 
 THEMES: Invaders, cultures collide, what a leader 
focuses on 
 Why it matters now? 
 Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural 
exchange as well as conflict
Setting the Stage 
 Egypt grew (during Middle 
Kingdom) by trade with 
Mesopotamia and the Indus 
Valley 
 600 miles south a new 
civilization was emerging-region 
of Nubia
New Kingdom of Egypt 
 After Middle Kingdom success, 
succession of weak pharaohs 
weaken Egypt 
 Invaders, Hyksos invaded and ruled 
Egypt 
 Loss in confidence of geographical 
protection 
 Finally a series of warlike pharaohs 
and queens strengthened Egypt and 
kicked the Hyksos out= NEW 
KINGDOM BEGUN
Empire Builders 
 New weapons: bronze 
weapons, 2-wheeled 
chariots 
 Red & White Crown= 
symbols of royalty 
 Blue Crown= war crown, 
battle helmet
Hatshepsut 
 Declared herself 
pharaoh 
 Took over because her 
stepson was too young 
to take the throne 
 She encouraged trade 
rather than war
What do you think? 
 Add to your notes: 
Why would a ruler 
encourage trade 
rather than making 
war?
Thutmose III 
 Hatshepsut’s stepson 
 More warlike, may have even killed 
his stepmom in eagerness to get 
the throne 
 Conquered areas of Nubia, 
returning with gold, cattle, ivory, 
and many enslaved captives 
Egypt has never been as strong as it 
was during the New Kingdom
Hittites 
 When Egyptians conquered parts 
of Syria and Palestine they ran 
into conflict with the Hittites who 
had also expanded into that area 
 Many battles 
 Battle of Kadesh: major battle 
between Hittites and Egyptians 
(Ramses II), ended with a treaty 
that formed an alliance that lasted 
for the rest of the century
Age of Builders 
 Huge builders in order to 
secure their state in the 
afterlife 
 Valley of Kings 
 Pharaoh means “great 
house” 
 Ramses II: one of the 
greatest builders, lived to 
age 99 and had 150 
children 
 After Ramses death, a 
series of invasions
Invasions by Land & Sea 
 Both the Egyptians and Hittites 
were attacked by “the people of 
the sea” 
 May have been the Philistines 
from the Bible 
 From the east came the 
Palestinians 
 From the west came the 
Libyans
Kushites 
 Egypt dominated Nubia and the 
Nubian kingdom of Kush 
 As Egypt fell in power, Kush 
emerged and established its 
own Kushite dynasty
People of Nubia 
 The Nile River provided the best north-south 
trade route 
 Kush linked Egypt and the 
Mediterranean world and southern 
Africa 
 Kerma= first Nubian kingdom 
 Kerma’s kings were buried in 
chambers larger than those in any 
Egyptian pyramid 
 Kerma prospered during Egypt’s 
Hyksos period
Interaction of Egypt & 
Nubia 
 For a long period, Egypt ruled 
Kush 
 Kush capital became the center for 
the spread of Egyptian culture to 
Kush’s other African trading 
partners 
 Kush leaders adopted Egyptian 
languages, gods, customs, 
clothing, rituals, writing, 
architecture… 
 When Egypt decline, Kushites saw 
themselves as the guardians of
Piankhi Captures 
Egyptian Throne 
 Piankhi= Kushite king, 
overthrew the Libyan dynasty 
that ruled Egypt and united 
the entire Nile Valley, set up 
new dynasty and “restored” 
Egypt’s glory 
 Assyrians came and 
conquered Kushites and they 
were forced south up the Nile 
 Despite their loss of Egypt 
they experienced a golden 
age
Meroe 
 Kushite royal family moved 
south to Meroe 
 Meroe enjoyed rainfall, iron 
ore, and manufactured iron 
weapons and tools 
 Trade along the Red Sea to 
Arabia and India 
 Declined to the rise of the 
Aksum Kingdom, while 
Egypt was ruled by the 
Assyrians

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Nubia, Kush, Meroe

  • 1. Empires of Egypt & Nubia Collide
  • 2. What do you think?  Add to your notes: Egypt both invaded other lands and was invaded. What conditions, if any, might justify an invasion on another country? (3-4 sentences)
  • 3. Main Idea:  2 Empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged commercial, cultural, and political connections  THEMES: Invaders, cultures collide, what a leader focuses on  Why it matters now?  Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural exchange as well as conflict
  • 4. Setting the Stage  Egypt grew (during Middle Kingdom) by trade with Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley  600 miles south a new civilization was emerging-region of Nubia
  • 5. New Kingdom of Egypt  After Middle Kingdom success, succession of weak pharaohs weaken Egypt  Invaders, Hyksos invaded and ruled Egypt  Loss in confidence of geographical protection  Finally a series of warlike pharaohs and queens strengthened Egypt and kicked the Hyksos out= NEW KINGDOM BEGUN
  • 6. Empire Builders  New weapons: bronze weapons, 2-wheeled chariots  Red & White Crown= symbols of royalty  Blue Crown= war crown, battle helmet
  • 7. Hatshepsut  Declared herself pharaoh  Took over because her stepson was too young to take the throne  She encouraged trade rather than war
  • 8. What do you think?  Add to your notes: Why would a ruler encourage trade rather than making war?
  • 9. Thutmose III  Hatshepsut’s stepson  More warlike, may have even killed his stepmom in eagerness to get the throne  Conquered areas of Nubia, returning with gold, cattle, ivory, and many enslaved captives Egypt has never been as strong as it was during the New Kingdom
  • 10. Hittites  When Egyptians conquered parts of Syria and Palestine they ran into conflict with the Hittites who had also expanded into that area  Many battles  Battle of Kadesh: major battle between Hittites and Egyptians (Ramses II), ended with a treaty that formed an alliance that lasted for the rest of the century
  • 11. Age of Builders  Huge builders in order to secure their state in the afterlife  Valley of Kings  Pharaoh means “great house”  Ramses II: one of the greatest builders, lived to age 99 and had 150 children  After Ramses death, a series of invasions
  • 12. Invasions by Land & Sea  Both the Egyptians and Hittites were attacked by “the people of the sea”  May have been the Philistines from the Bible  From the east came the Palestinians  From the west came the Libyans
  • 13. Kushites  Egypt dominated Nubia and the Nubian kingdom of Kush  As Egypt fell in power, Kush emerged and established its own Kushite dynasty
  • 14. People of Nubia  The Nile River provided the best north-south trade route  Kush linked Egypt and the Mediterranean world and southern Africa  Kerma= first Nubian kingdom  Kerma’s kings were buried in chambers larger than those in any Egyptian pyramid  Kerma prospered during Egypt’s Hyksos period
  • 15. Interaction of Egypt & Nubia  For a long period, Egypt ruled Kush  Kush capital became the center for the spread of Egyptian culture to Kush’s other African trading partners  Kush leaders adopted Egyptian languages, gods, customs, clothing, rituals, writing, architecture…  When Egypt decline, Kushites saw themselves as the guardians of
  • 16. Piankhi Captures Egyptian Throne  Piankhi= Kushite king, overthrew the Libyan dynasty that ruled Egypt and united the entire Nile Valley, set up new dynasty and “restored” Egypt’s glory  Assyrians came and conquered Kushites and they were forced south up the Nile  Despite their loss of Egypt they experienced a golden age
  • 17. Meroe  Kushite royal family moved south to Meroe  Meroe enjoyed rainfall, iron ore, and manufactured iron weapons and tools  Trade along the Red Sea to Arabia and India  Declined to the rise of the Aksum Kingdom, while Egypt was ruled by the Assyrians