Ancient Egypt revolved around the Nile River, which provided fertile land for farming. Society was divided into classes, with poor people working as builders or farmers, middle class as potters and scribes, and high class as priests and pharaohs. Egyptians developed hieroglyphic writing and technologies like fishing poles and musical instruments. Notable pharaohs included King Tut and Nefertiti, the only female ruler. Egyptians worshipped gods like Atum and Bes and mummified the dead, placing artifacts in elaborate coffins. Along the Nile, they traded and grew crops while raising animals like cattle and cats.