This document provides a table of contents for a report on a National Teens' Food Survey. The table of contents lists 6 chapters, with the first chapter providing background information and methodology. Chapter 2 discusses sampling and census data comparing survey respondents to census data. Chapter 3 presents food consumption data and Chapters 4 provides information on nutrient intakes. Chapter 5 presents anthropometric data on survey participants and Chapter 6 discusses body size satisfaction and weight control practices. Each chapter includes numerous tables displaying results.
This document provides a table of contents for a report on the National Children's Food Survey. It outlines 6 chapters that will analyze data on food consumption, nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements, and eating occasions among Irish children ages 5-12. Each chapter includes numerous tables presenting statistics on variables like food and nutrient intake by age, sex, geography, and socioeconomic status. The document provides an overview of the extensive data and analyses that will be presented in the report.
The document summarizes the methodology used for the National Teens' Food Survey conducted in Ireland between 2005-2006. It describes the sampling and selection of schools, recruitment of respondents, data collection methods including food diaries and questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, data analysis, and validation procedures. Over 400 teenagers were selected from 32 secondary schools across Ireland to collect detailed information on food and beverage intake and lifestyle factors over a 7-day period.
The document contains 9 tables that present demographic data from a National Teens' Food Survey (NTFS) conducted in Ireland. The tables show characteristics of survey respondents such as age, sex, geographic location, socioeconomic factors, and parents' education levels. The data is also compared to corresponding census data from Ireland to show similarities between the survey respondents and the overall Irish population.
The document presents mean, standard deviation, median, and percentile values for food group intakes in grams per day for the total population studied and for consumers only. It shows that for most food groups, the mean intake is higher when only considering consumers. For example, the mean rice intake is 39g for the total population but 61g for consumers only. The median and percentile values also increase for many food groups when only considering consumers.
The document presents anthropometric data on Irish teenagers aged 13-17 years old. It includes measurements of weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference broken down by age and sex. The data includes means, standard deviations, medians, and percentiles for each measurement. Key findings are that on average, males were heavier and taller than females, and weight and height increased with each older age group from 13-14 years to 15-17 years.
Alternate data streams allow additional data to be stored in hidden streams associated with files in the NTFS file system. Entries in the Master File Table can contain multiple data streams. Malware and hackers use alternate data streams to hide files and executables, while legitimate applications may use them to store metadata. Special tools are needed to view the hidden alternate streams associated with a file.
- The document presents data on daily nutrient intake values for a total population of 441 individuals, including means, standard deviations, medians, and percentiles.
- The data is broken down by macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber intake and includes subgroups of males and females in different age groups.
- Key statistics reported include average daily energy intake in MJ and kcals, intake of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and various vitamins and minerals measured in grams or milligrams.
This document provides a table of contents for a report on the National Children's Food Survey. It outlines 6 chapters that will analyze data on food consumption, nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements, and eating occasions among Irish children ages 5-12. Each chapter includes numerous tables presenting statistics on variables like food and nutrient intake by age, sex, geography, and socioeconomic status. The document provides an overview of the extensive data and analyses that will be presented in the report.
The document summarizes the methodology used for the National Teens' Food Survey conducted in Ireland between 2005-2006. It describes the sampling and selection of schools, recruitment of respondents, data collection methods including food diaries and questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, data analysis, and validation procedures. Over 400 teenagers were selected from 32 secondary schools across Ireland to collect detailed information on food and beverage intake and lifestyle factors over a 7-day period.
The document contains 9 tables that present demographic data from a National Teens' Food Survey (NTFS) conducted in Ireland. The tables show characteristics of survey respondents such as age, sex, geographic location, socioeconomic factors, and parents' education levels. The data is also compared to corresponding census data from Ireland to show similarities between the survey respondents and the overall Irish population.
The document presents mean, standard deviation, median, and percentile values for food group intakes in grams per day for the total population studied and for consumers only. It shows that for most food groups, the mean intake is higher when only considering consumers. For example, the mean rice intake is 39g for the total population but 61g for consumers only. The median and percentile values also increase for many food groups when only considering consumers.
The document presents anthropometric data on Irish teenagers aged 13-17 years old. It includes measurements of weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference broken down by age and sex. The data includes means, standard deviations, medians, and percentiles for each measurement. Key findings are that on average, males were heavier and taller than females, and weight and height increased with each older age group from 13-14 years to 15-17 years.
Alternate data streams allow additional data to be stored in hidden streams associated with files in the NTFS file system. Entries in the Master File Table can contain multiple data streams. Malware and hackers use alternate data streams to hide files and executables, while legitimate applications may use them to store metadata. Special tools are needed to view the hidden alternate streams associated with a file.
- The document presents data on daily nutrient intake values for a total population of 441 individuals, including means, standard deviations, medians, and percentiles.
- The data is broken down by macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber intake and includes subgroups of males and females in different age groups.
- Key statistics reported include average daily energy intake in MJ and kcals, intake of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and various vitamins and minerals measured in grams or milligrams.
The document summarizes survey results from Irish teenagers aged 13-17 on body size satisfaction and weight control practices by BMI, sex, age, location, and socioeconomic group. It finds that overweight and obese teenagers were more likely to want to be smaller or lose weight compared to normal weight teenagers. Females were more likely than males to want to be smaller or lose weight. Older teenagers aged 15-17 were more likely to attempt weight loss than younger teenagers aged 13-14. Location and socioeconomic group had little influence on body size satisfaction and weight control practices.
This document provides an overview of FAT and NTFS filing systems. It discusses key terms like files, directories, sectors, and clusters. FAT was first developed by Bill Gates in 1976 and includes versions like FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32. NTFS was developed later by Microsoft for Windows NT. It provides more security, reliability, and efficiency compared to FAT. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of both filing systems.
NTFS is a file system introduced by Microsoft in 1993 for Windows NT operating systems. It improved on previous file systems with features like larger storage capacity support, redundancy, security, and performance improvements important for businesses. NTFS formats volumes with system files including the Master File Table that stores metadata for all files and folders. It provides security, compression, encryption and other advanced features through file attributes. NTFS also supports features like sparse files, recoverability, and alternate data streams.
Syslog Centralization Logging with Windows ~ A techXpress GuideAbhishek Kumar
Syslog Centralization Logging with Windows ~ A techXpress Guide ~ Setting up a centralized Syslog Server to get EventLogs from all Windows Hosts for analysis
The document describes how to transform dry technical content into creative and engaging eLearning using storytelling techniques. It discusses exploring the content to understand the goals and audience, playing with the content by applying elements of creative writing like characters, plot and dialogue to turn it into an imaginative story, and immersing learners by allowing them to interact with and make choices within the story. It also emphasizes condensing content to focus on critical points and moving supplementary material to resources to create a more effective learning experience. Examples and activities are provided to demonstrate how to apply these techniques to technical content about time utilization by framing it within an analogy of learning to bowl.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the key features of OllyDbg 2.0, an assembler-level debugger. It highlights many new features in version 2.0 compared to the previous version, including improved support for SSE instructions, unlimited breakpoints, conditional breakpoints, and an analyzer that recognizes arguments in unknown functions. The document provides a high-level tour of OllyDbg's capabilities for debugging, analyzing, searching, and modifying code. It also briefly covers licensing, installation, and other legal and technical details.
The document discusses analyzing Windows binaries to identify weaknesses without access to debug symbols or source code. It describes checking the binaries for compiler/linker protections like ASLR, DEP, stack cookies; banned and dangerous API usage; .NET security settings; and defensive coding practices. The author then demonstrates their tool for performing this analysis on binaries, noting existing tools' limitations, and concludes some binaries may have lower defenses without symbol information.
This document outlines the steps for imaging and processing born-digital materials, including: running virus checks, creating disk/logical images using FTK Imager, partitioning disks, identifying file systems, capturing images to evidence folders with case numbers, processing images in AccessData FTK including hashing and indexing files, and generating a collection summary report. The workflow is intended to thoroughly capture and document born-digital content for long-term preservation and access.
Why Have A Digital Investigative InfrastructureKevin Wharram
The document discusses the need for digital investigative infrastructure. It outlines the costs of data breaches, how data is stolen, and challenges in protecting data. Methods of data theft include portable storage devices, email, and exploiting vulnerabilities. The document recommends following an incident response plan if data is compromised, and describes how the EnCase digital investigative platform can help conduct thorough forensic investigations across the network to identify security incidents and data policy violations.
Ext4 was created to overcome limitations of ext2 and ext3 file systems. It supports larger file sizes up to 16TB, larger filesystems up to 1EB, more efficient directories with indexing, extent-based allocation that reduces fragmentation, delayed allocation for better performance, and other features for robustness, flexibility and performance. Ext4 maintains backwards compatibility with ext2/ext3 while improving on their weaknesses.
Log files provide insights into systems like web servers and databases by recording details of requests, responses, and operations over time. They can be used for monitoring systems, troubleshooting issues, and analyzing usage patterns. However, the large volumes of log data produced require efficient processing and aggregation approaches to gain these insights in real-time or through batch analysis. Common techniques include shipping logs to a central aggregator, using group communication protocols for real-time distribution, and batch processing with Hadoop/MapReduce.
The document discusses and compares different file systems, including FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and their key features and limitations. FAT is the oldest file system and was designed for small disks and simple structures. It uses a file allocation table to organize files. NTFS is proprietary to Windows and offers improvements like larger volume sizes, security features like encryption, compression and quotas. It also has better performance, especially on large volumes.
This document discusses various aspects of forensic analysis in Windows operating systems. It describes the location of recycle bin files, prefetch files, thumbnail caches, and volume shadow copies in different versions of Windows. It also discusses how timelines can be analyzed from files, registry entries, and other artifacts to reconstruct system activity. Time stamps are stored differently depending on the file system. The document provides examples of analyzing timelines, thumbnails, recycle bins, and shadow copies to investigate activity on a system.
NTFS and FAT32 are two common file systems used in Windows operating systems. NTFS supports larger file and volume sizes, encryption, compression, permissions and auditing while FAT32 only supports smaller file and volume sizes without additional features. NTFS is recommended for modern Windows systems while FAT32 is limited to older systems with size and feature restrictions.
This document provides an overview of digital forensics and related topics. It discusses autopsy procedures, computer forensics, memory analysis, volatile vs. non-volatile memory, encryption and steganography techniques, network analysis, challenges in the field, terms used, and how to become a forensics expert. Anti-forensics methods like encryption and data hiding are also covered.
The document discusses file management and directories. It describes block management strategies like contiguous allocation and linked lists. It discusses reading and writing byte streams which involves packing and unpacking blocks of data. It also covers supporting high-level file abstractions like structured sequential files and indexed sequential files. Finally, it discusses directories and their structures like hierarchical and graph-based organizations.
The document discusses digital forensics and evidence extraction from NTFS computers. It describes how NTFS works, including features like the master file table, alternate data streams, volume shadow copies, and more. It explains that deleted or hidden data can potentially be uncovered by examining registry entries, volume shadow copies, unallocated space in the MFT, and clusters marked as bad.
This document provides an overview of dietary supplements. It defines a dietary supplement and identifies types as well as prevalence of use. It discusses the history of supplements and current US government regulations. Dietary supplements are a special category under foods, not drugs. Multivitamins are one of the most commonly used supplements. The document also discusses labeling policies, guidelines, concerns and FDA-approved claims for supplements.
This document provides an acknowledgements and contents section for the Kingdom of Tonga NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report from 2014. It acknowledges the many individuals and organizations that contributed to compiling the report. These include staff from the Ministry of Health of Tonga, the World Health Organization regional and country offices, as well as statistical and administrative support. The contents section provides an overview of the report's structure, which includes an executive summary, introduction, methodology, results, comparisons with a previous 2004 STEPS survey, discussion and conclusions, and recommendations. The report examines risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Tonga through the WHO STEPwise approach, analyzing data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, obesity, blood
The document summarizes survey results from Irish teenagers aged 13-17 on body size satisfaction and weight control practices by BMI, sex, age, location, and socioeconomic group. It finds that overweight and obese teenagers were more likely to want to be smaller or lose weight compared to normal weight teenagers. Females were more likely than males to want to be smaller or lose weight. Older teenagers aged 15-17 were more likely to attempt weight loss than younger teenagers aged 13-14. Location and socioeconomic group had little influence on body size satisfaction and weight control practices.
This document provides an overview of FAT and NTFS filing systems. It discusses key terms like files, directories, sectors, and clusters. FAT was first developed by Bill Gates in 1976 and includes versions like FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32. NTFS was developed later by Microsoft for Windows NT. It provides more security, reliability, and efficiency compared to FAT. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of both filing systems.
NTFS is a file system introduced by Microsoft in 1993 for Windows NT operating systems. It improved on previous file systems with features like larger storage capacity support, redundancy, security, and performance improvements important for businesses. NTFS formats volumes with system files including the Master File Table that stores metadata for all files and folders. It provides security, compression, encryption and other advanced features through file attributes. NTFS also supports features like sparse files, recoverability, and alternate data streams.
Syslog Centralization Logging with Windows ~ A techXpress GuideAbhishek Kumar
Syslog Centralization Logging with Windows ~ A techXpress Guide ~ Setting up a centralized Syslog Server to get EventLogs from all Windows Hosts for analysis
The document describes how to transform dry technical content into creative and engaging eLearning using storytelling techniques. It discusses exploring the content to understand the goals and audience, playing with the content by applying elements of creative writing like characters, plot and dialogue to turn it into an imaginative story, and immersing learners by allowing them to interact with and make choices within the story. It also emphasizes condensing content to focus on critical points and moving supplementary material to resources to create a more effective learning experience. Examples and activities are provided to demonstrate how to apply these techniques to technical content about time utilization by framing it within an analogy of learning to bowl.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the key features of OllyDbg 2.0, an assembler-level debugger. It highlights many new features in version 2.0 compared to the previous version, including improved support for SSE instructions, unlimited breakpoints, conditional breakpoints, and an analyzer that recognizes arguments in unknown functions. The document provides a high-level tour of OllyDbg's capabilities for debugging, analyzing, searching, and modifying code. It also briefly covers licensing, installation, and other legal and technical details.
The document discusses analyzing Windows binaries to identify weaknesses without access to debug symbols or source code. It describes checking the binaries for compiler/linker protections like ASLR, DEP, stack cookies; banned and dangerous API usage; .NET security settings; and defensive coding practices. The author then demonstrates their tool for performing this analysis on binaries, noting existing tools' limitations, and concludes some binaries may have lower defenses without symbol information.
This document outlines the steps for imaging and processing born-digital materials, including: running virus checks, creating disk/logical images using FTK Imager, partitioning disks, identifying file systems, capturing images to evidence folders with case numbers, processing images in AccessData FTK including hashing and indexing files, and generating a collection summary report. The workflow is intended to thoroughly capture and document born-digital content for long-term preservation and access.
Why Have A Digital Investigative InfrastructureKevin Wharram
The document discusses the need for digital investigative infrastructure. It outlines the costs of data breaches, how data is stolen, and challenges in protecting data. Methods of data theft include portable storage devices, email, and exploiting vulnerabilities. The document recommends following an incident response plan if data is compromised, and describes how the EnCase digital investigative platform can help conduct thorough forensic investigations across the network to identify security incidents and data policy violations.
Ext4 was created to overcome limitations of ext2 and ext3 file systems. It supports larger file sizes up to 16TB, larger filesystems up to 1EB, more efficient directories with indexing, extent-based allocation that reduces fragmentation, delayed allocation for better performance, and other features for robustness, flexibility and performance. Ext4 maintains backwards compatibility with ext2/ext3 while improving on their weaknesses.
Log files provide insights into systems like web servers and databases by recording details of requests, responses, and operations over time. They can be used for monitoring systems, troubleshooting issues, and analyzing usage patterns. However, the large volumes of log data produced require efficient processing and aggregation approaches to gain these insights in real-time or through batch analysis. Common techniques include shipping logs to a central aggregator, using group communication protocols for real-time distribution, and batch processing with Hadoop/MapReduce.
The document discusses and compares different file systems, including FAT, FAT32, NTFS, and their key features and limitations. FAT is the oldest file system and was designed for small disks and simple structures. It uses a file allocation table to organize files. NTFS is proprietary to Windows and offers improvements like larger volume sizes, security features like encryption, compression and quotas. It also has better performance, especially on large volumes.
This document discusses various aspects of forensic analysis in Windows operating systems. It describes the location of recycle bin files, prefetch files, thumbnail caches, and volume shadow copies in different versions of Windows. It also discusses how timelines can be analyzed from files, registry entries, and other artifacts to reconstruct system activity. Time stamps are stored differently depending on the file system. The document provides examples of analyzing timelines, thumbnails, recycle bins, and shadow copies to investigate activity on a system.
NTFS and FAT32 are two common file systems used in Windows operating systems. NTFS supports larger file and volume sizes, encryption, compression, permissions and auditing while FAT32 only supports smaller file and volume sizes without additional features. NTFS is recommended for modern Windows systems while FAT32 is limited to older systems with size and feature restrictions.
This document provides an overview of digital forensics and related topics. It discusses autopsy procedures, computer forensics, memory analysis, volatile vs. non-volatile memory, encryption and steganography techniques, network analysis, challenges in the field, terms used, and how to become a forensics expert. Anti-forensics methods like encryption and data hiding are also covered.
The document discusses file management and directories. It describes block management strategies like contiguous allocation and linked lists. It discusses reading and writing byte streams which involves packing and unpacking blocks of data. It also covers supporting high-level file abstractions like structured sequential files and indexed sequential files. Finally, it discusses directories and their structures like hierarchical and graph-based organizations.
The document discusses digital forensics and evidence extraction from NTFS computers. It describes how NTFS works, including features like the master file table, alternate data streams, volume shadow copies, and more. It explains that deleted or hidden data can potentially be uncovered by examining registry entries, volume shadow copies, unallocated space in the MFT, and clusters marked as bad.
This document provides an overview of dietary supplements. It defines a dietary supplement and identifies types as well as prevalence of use. It discusses the history of supplements and current US government regulations. Dietary supplements are a special category under foods, not drugs. Multivitamins are one of the most commonly used supplements. The document also discusses labeling policies, guidelines, concerns and FDA-approved claims for supplements.
This document provides an acknowledgements and contents section for the Kingdom of Tonga NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report from 2014. It acknowledges the many individuals and organizations that contributed to compiling the report. These include staff from the Ministry of Health of Tonga, the World Health Organization regional and country offices, as well as statistical and administrative support. The contents section provides an overview of the report's structure, which includes an executive summary, introduction, methodology, results, comparisons with a previous 2004 STEPS survey, discussion and conclusions, and recommendations. The report examines risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Tonga through the WHO STEPwise approach, analyzing data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, obesity, blood
This document provides an acknowledgements and contents section for the Kingdom of Tonga NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report from 2014. It acknowledges the many individuals and organizations that contributed to compiling the report. These include staff from the Ministry of Health of Tonga, the World Health Organization regional and country offices, as well as statistical and administrative support. The contents section provides an overview of the report's structure, which includes an executive summary, introduction, methodology, results, comparisons with a previous 2004 STEPS survey, discussion and conclusions, and recommendations. The report examines risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Tonga through the WHO STEPwise approach, analyzing data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, obesity, blood
JAMA Network: Pregnant women may not be getting recommended nutrientsΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This study analyzed dietary intake data from 1003 pregnant women in the United States to evaluate nutrient adequacy and excess based on Dietary Reference Intake guidelines. The results showed that 10% or more of pregnant women had intakes below recommendations for several key vitamins and minerals from foods alone, even with dietary supplement use. Nearly all pregnant women exceeded sodium recommendations, and many were at risk of excessive intakes of folic acid and iron based on total usual intake from foods and supplements. The findings suggest improved dietary guidance is needed to help pregnant women meet but not exceed nutrient recommendations.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles_Guide to DNPsPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that this guide uses the example of Bihar. POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
2 the dental hygienists guide tonutritional carelicservernoida
This document provides a summary of the 5th edition of "The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care" textbook. It lists the authors and their credentials and experience in nutrition and dental fields. It then provides a table of contents that outlines the organization of the textbook into three parts that cover basic nutrition concepts, application of nutrition principles, and nutritional aspects of oral health. Reference tables are also included that provide dietary reference intake values and recommendations for energy, total water, macronutrients, and fatty acids for different life stage groups.
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Osun State (2)iosrjce
The study compared the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly attending geriatric day
care centres and those who did not in Ile-Ife and Imesi-Ile both in Ife-Ijesasenatorial district of Osun State. It
was aimed at examining the relationships between income, acute diseases and food intake on dietary intake and
nutritional status of the elderly people. A total of four hundred and eighteen elderly respondents were recruited
for the study through a snow balling sampling technique. One hundred and thirty two elderly attending geriatric
day care centres were recruited as study group and 318 who do not attend any of the centres were recruited as
control group. Data was collected by using a twenty-item questionnaire adapted from Nestle Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA) scale.
Findings revealed that more (9.1%) of the respondents in the study group were undernourished, and 25.9% of
the respondents in the same group were overweight. There was no significant difference in the nutritional status
of respondents from both groups (X2=2.25, p= >0.05). This study concluded that attendance of geriatric day
care centres and income conferred no added benefit on the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly.
The document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the intake of fatty acids in the Mexican population based on data from the 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. The main findings were:
1) Mean total fatty acid intake (25% of energy) fell within WHO recommendations but saturated fatty acid intake exceeded recommendations in all age groups (45-60% of energy intake).
2) Trans fatty acid intake exceeded recommendations in 30% of school-aged children/adolescents and 20% of adults.
3) Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, especially n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, was inadequately low in 50% of the population.
4) The main public
National Diet and Nutrition Survey: UK 2008 - 2012 - Executive Summary New Food Innovation Ltd
"The NDNS provides the only source of high quality nationally representative data on the types and quantities of foods consumed by individuals, from which estimates of nutrient intake for the population are derived.iv Results are used by Government to develop policy and monitor progress on diet and nutrition objectives of UK health departments, for example those set out in the Healthy Lives, Healthy People white paper in England.v The food consumption data are also used by FSA to assess exposure to chemicals in food, as part of the risk assessment and communication process in response to a food emergency or to inform negotiations on setting regulatory limits for contaminants."
Exploring dietary diversity, nutritional status of adolescents among farm hou...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
Purpose:
This study explored dietary diversity and nutritional status of adolescents among rural farm households in Southwestern Nigeria. It analyses if higher commercialization levels of farm households translate to better nutrition.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in Ogun and Oyo States of Southwestern Nigeria, utilizing primary data from 352 farm households with a total of 160 adolescent members. The individual version of dietary diversity score (DDS) of nine (9) food groups was used to calculate adolescent DDS over a 24-h recall period, World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used in analyzing adolescents’ anthropometric data (height-for-age z-score and BMI-for-age z-score) while household crop commercialization index (CCI) was estimated for each farm household. Separate logit models were used to examine the drivers of adolescents’ dietary diversity and malnutrition.
Findings: The study findings indicated that 100% of the adolescents consumed starchy staples while 0%, 3.1% and 12.5% consumed organ meat, milk/milk poducts, and eggs respectively. Results revealed that 74.1% and 21.2% of boys were stunted and thin while the prevalence in adolescent girls was 50.7% and 9.3% respectively. Prevalence of stunting was found to be very high (60-83%) in all the four CCI levels’ households indicating that belonging to highly commercialized households (CCI 3-4) may not necessarily translate to better nutrition of adolescent members. Food expenditure (p< 0.01) and access to piped water (p< 0.01) negatively influenced adolescents’ stunting mainly due to lower expediture on food items and lower percent of household having access to piped water respectively while education (p< 0.01) had positive effect on adolescents’ dietary diversity.
Originality/value: Previous studies have contributed to the body of knowledge concerning the link between agricultural commercialization and nutrition using under-five children of the households. However, this is the first study that investigated the influence of CCI on DDS and nutritional status of adolescent members of farm households in Nigeria. Our study fills this existing knowledge gap in investigating adolescents’ dietary diversity and malnutrition among smallholder farm households.
This document provides an overview of multi-vitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements. It defines MVM supplements and discusses their history. Americans have been taking MVM supplements since the 1940s when the first products became available. The document reviews nutrient recommendations and concerns about intakes based on current diets. It also discusses labeling changes and the types of MVM supplements available. Key points covered include common nutrients of concern, optimal intake recommendations, concerns about excess intake from supplements and fortified foods, and ensuring MVMs address nutrient deficiencies.
Consumption Pattern and Promotion of Green Leafy Vegetables’ Intake among Ado...paperpublications3
Abstract: The growth and prosperity of a nation depend heavily on the nutritional status and development of the adolescent girls because as future mothers they have an important role in shaping the nation builders of tomorrow [1]. Adolescents in India suffer from gross nutritional inadequacies. Socio-economic status, food habits and environment affect their nutritional status to a great extent. Any nutritional deprivation during this period compromises their growth and intellectual potential. [2]. The global prevalence of micronutrient deficiency which is often referred as “Hidden hunger” is estimated to be about two billion and most of the afflicted people are in the developing countries. The most viable manifestation of the nutritional deficiency is the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. [3]. Studies have indicated that diets of Indian adolescent girls are inadequate in terms of quality and quantity. Their iron and calcium intakes are less than 70 percent of the RDA because their diets are grossly deficient in green leafy vegetables and it is available and eaten only as a side dish and that too in limited quantities. [1]. In this scenario there is an urgent need to promote awareness on green leafy vegetables and enhance their intake to mitigate anemia prevalence and its consequences. Hence the present study “Consumption pattern and promotion of green leafy vegetables’ intake among adolescent girls of Valparai hills” was taken up To assess the awareness of adolescents on green leafy vegetables’ nutritional value, to quantify the green leafy vegetables’ intake among adolescent girls and to impart nutrition education with special reference to green leafy vegetables.
The document discusses various types of health indicators and how they are used. It defines health indicators as variables that can be directly measured to reflect the health status of a community. It then describes how indicators help measure program objectives and targets, compare health statuses of countries, assess health needs, and monitor/evaluate health services. The document provides examples of common indicators like infant mortality rate and life expectancy. It also discusses characteristics important for indicators such as being valid, reliable, and relevant.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses how to improve nutrition by addressing micronutrient inadequacies through partnerships between science and agriculture. It introduces a calculator called CIMI that can assess micronutrient intake and deficiencies in populations using dietary data. CIMI analyzes intake of key nutrients and classifies bioavailability, identifying gaps. It presents results in tables and diagrams. Validation shows CIMI provides a rough estimate of micronutrient gaps. While fortification or biofortification can address isolated deficiencies, the focus should be improving whole diets to ensure adequate intake of all essential nutrients.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Sundergarh_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gajapati_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
1) The study examined the impact of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) adoption on dietary quality among women and children in Western Kenya.
2) The study found that households growing OFSP had significantly higher diet diversity scores (15-18% higher) and vitamin A intake (10-20% higher) for women and children compared to non-adopting households.
3) Regression analysis confirmed that both OFSP adoption and greater adoption intensity positively impacted women and children's dietary diversity and vitamin A consumption. Adoption intensity had a larger effect than simple adoption.
Nutrient Adequacy Of Exclusive Breastfeeding For The Term Infant During The F...Biblioteca Virtual
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This document summarizes the methods and key findings of the National Teen Food Consumption Survey conducted in Ireland. The survey investigated food/beverage consumption, physical activity, health characteristics, and food choice factors of 441 Irish teens aged 13-17. Data was collected through 7-day food records, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. The survey aimed to establish a database on teen diets and lifestyles and investigate food/nutrient intakes, weight status, physical activity and sociodemographic characteristics. The database allows analysis of nutrient intakes, exposure to food chemicals, and supports product development and policymaking.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides a detailed description of the background information and methodology
used in the National Teens’ Food Survey.
CHAPTER 2 SAMPLING AND CENSUS DATA
This chapter will provide information about the socio-demographic details on the children
who participated in the National Teens’ Food Survey (NTFS) and compare these data with the
Census 2002 data.
Tables 2.1-2.10
Table 2.1 Number (%) of respondents in the survey by sex and age group
Table 2.2 Number (%) of respondents in the survey during winter (Sept-Feb) and
summer (Mar-Aug) by sex
Table 2.3 Number (%) of respondents by geographical location, sex and age group
Table 2.4 Number (%) of respondents by social class and sex
Table 2.5 Number (%) of respondents by socio-economic group and sex
Table 2.6 Number (%) of respondents by parents’ education level and sex and age
group of respondent
Table 2.7 Percentage of males and females from the NTFS for each year age compared
with the census 2002 data
Table 2.8 Comparison of socio demographics from the Census 2002 for the total
population with data from the National Teens’ Food Survey
Table 2.9 Comparison of marital status from the Census 2002 data (parents of persons
under the age of 15 years (similar to NTFS age group of 13-17 years) and
persons aged 40-60 years only (similar to NTFS parental age group)) with
marital status from the National Children's Food Survey
Table 2.10 Comparison of education level from the Census 2002 data (for persons aged
40-60 years only (similar to parental age group in NTFS)) with parental
education level from the National Teens' Food Survey
2. CHAPTER 3 FOOD CONSUMPTION
This chapter presents the intakes of different food groups for the total population and by
consumers only.
Tables 3.1-3.6
Table 3.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in the
total population
Table 3.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in
consumers only
Table 3.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for all
males and by age group in the total population
Table 3.4 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for all
females and by age group in the total population
Table 3.5 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for all
males and by age group in consumers only
Table 3.6 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for all
females and by age group in consumers only
CHAPTER 4 NUTRIENT INTAKES
This chapter will provide information on energy, macronutrient, mineral, vitamin and fibre
intakes.
Tables 4.1-4.44
SUMMARY TABLES
Tables 4.1-4.3
Table 4.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient,
vitamin and mineral intakes for the total population
Table 4.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient,
vitamin and mineral intakes for all males and by age group
Table 4.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient,
vitamin and mineral intakes for all females and by age group
3. ENERGY
Tables 4.4-4.6
Table 4.4 Contribution of food groups (kcal & %) to mean daily energy intakes by sex
and age group
Table 4.5 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for males by
demographic variables and age group
Table 4.6 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for females by
demographic variables and age group
MACRONUTRIENTS
Tables 4.7-4.12
Table 4.7 Contribution of food groups (g & %) to mean daily protein intakes by sex and
age group
Table 4.8 Contribution of food groups (g & %) to mean daily fat intakes by sex and age
group
Table 4.9 Contribution of food groups (g & %) to mean daily carbohydrate intakes by
sex and age group
Table 4.10 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females
by geographical location
Table 4.11 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females
by level of education
Table 4.12 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females
by social class
MINERALS
Tables 4.13-4.21
Table 4.13 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of calcium intakes (mg) from all
sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.14 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of magnesium intakes (mg) from all
sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.15 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of phosphorus intakes (mg) from all
sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.16 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of iron intakes (mg) from all sources
and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
4. Table 4.17 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of copper intakes (mg) from all
sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.18 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of zinc intakes (mg) from all sources
and from food sources (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.19 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes (mg) from all sources
(including supplements) by sex and geographical location
Table 4.20 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes (mg) from all sources
(including supplements) by sex and level of education
Table 4.21 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes (mg) from all sources
(including supplements) by sex and social class
VITAMINS
Tables 4.22-4.39
Table 4.22 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of retinol intake (μg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.23 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of carotene intake (μg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.24 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total vitamin A intake (μg) from
all sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and
age group
Table 4.25 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin D intake (μg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.26 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin E intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.27 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of thiamin intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.28 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of riboflavin intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
5. Table 4.29 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pre-formed niacin intake (mg)
from all sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex
and age group
Table 4.30 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total niacin equivalents (mg) from
all sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and
age group
Table 4.31 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin B6 intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.32 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin B12 intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.33 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of folate intake (μg) from all sources
and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.34 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of biotin intake (μg) from all sources
and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age group
Table 4.35 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pantothenate intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.36 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin C intake (mg) from all
sources and from food sources only (excluding supplements) by sex and age
group
Table 4.37 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including
supplements) by sex and geographical location
Table 4.38 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including
supplements) by sex and level of education of parents
Table 4.39 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including
supplements) by sex and social class
FIBRE
Tables 4.40-4.44
Table 4.40 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of NSP (g) intakes from all food
sources for the total population and by sex and age group
Table 4.41 Mean, SD and median values of NSP (g/MJ) intakes from all food sources for
the total population and by sex and age group
6. Table 4.42 Mean, SD and median values of NSP intakes (g and g/MJ) for the total
population and males and females by geographical location
Table 4.43 Mean, SD and median values of NSP intakes (g and g/MJ) for the total
population and males and females by level of education of parents
Table 4.44 Mean, SD and median values of NSP intakes (g and g/MJ) for the total
population and males and females by social class
CHAPTER 5 ANTHROPOMETRY
This chapter will present anthropometric data by sex, age group and demographic & lifestyle
factors.
Tables 5.1-5.19
Table 5.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for
all 13-17 year old Irish teenagers and by age group
Table 5.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements by
sex and age group
Table 5.3 Mean, SD and median values of weight (kg) for all 13-17 year old Irish
teenagers by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.4 Mean, SD and median values of weight (kg) for all 13-17 year old Irish males
by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.5 Mean, SD and median values of weight (kg) for all 13-17 year old Irish
females by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.6 Mean, SD and median values of height (m) for all 13-17 year old Irish
teenagers by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.7 Mean, SD and median values of height (m) for all 13-17 year old Irish males
by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.8 Mean, SD and median values of height (m) for all 13-17 year old Irish males
by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.9 Mean, SD and median values of BMI (kg/m2) for all 13-17 year old Irish
teenagers by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.10 Mean, SD and median values of BMI (kg/m2) for all 13-17 year old Irish
males by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.11 Mean, SD and median values of BMI (kg/m2) for all 13-17 year old Irish
females by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
7. Table 5.12 Mean, SD and median values of waist circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish teenagers by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.13 Mean, SD and median values of waist circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish males by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.14 Mean, SD and median values of waist circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish females by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.15 Mean, SD and median values of hip circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish teenagers by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.16 Mean, SD and median values of hip circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish males by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.17 Mean, SD and median values of hip circumference (cm) for all 13-17 year
old Irish females by demographic and lifestyle factors and by age group
Table 5.18 Percentage of all 13-17 year old Irish teenagers defined as normal,
overweight and obese by age group using the UK 90 cut-offs
Table 5.19 Percentage of all 13-17 year old Irish males defined as normal, overweight
and obese by age group using the UK 90 cut-offs
Table 5.20 Percentage of all 13-17 year old Irish females defined as normal, overweight
and obese by age group using the UK 90 cut-offs
Table 5.21 Percentage of all 13-17 year old teenagers defined as normal, overweight and
obese by age group using the IOTF cut-offs
Table 5.22 Percentage of all 13-17 year old males defined as normal, overweight and
obese by age group using the IOTF cut-offs
Table 5.23 Percentage of all 13-17 year old females defined as normal, overweight and
obese by age group using the IOTF cut-offs
CHAPTER 6 BODY SIZE SATISFACTION AND WEIGHT CONTROL
PRACTICES
This chapter will provide information on body size satisfaction and the prevalence of weight
control practices by BMI, sex, age group and demographic and lifestyle factors.
Tables 6.1-6.2
Table 6.1 Body size satisfaction for 13-17 year old Irish teenagers by BMI, sex, age
group and demographic and lifestyle factors
Table 6.2 Prevalence of weight control practices in 13-17 year old Irish teenagers by
BMI, sex, age group and demographic and lifestyle