Nosocomial infections (NIs), also known as hospital-acquired infections, develop in patients during or after a hospital stay. NIs can be caused by a patient's own microflora or by contact with other carriers such as medical staff or other patients. Common sites of NI include the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts. Risk factors include invasive medical procedures, antibiotic overuse contributing to resistant strains, and inadequate sanitation. Preventing the spread of NIs requires proper diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, hygiene practices such as disinfection and sterilization, and staff education.