The North Coast lies from the jaws of Buna to cape Rodon. This area includes 66.4km or ¼ of the
Adriatic coastline. The coastal zone management study provides recognition and protection of the environment
from the negative phenomena that appear under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the land
and assessment of coastal phenomena in the service of society at both national, regional and local levels. It
should be emphasized that the ocean level rise due to global climate warming is also reflected in the sea. But
what may become offensive in terms of land and in a not too distant future, may include an important area
which is favored by nearly flat surfaces sloping quite gradually. Also problematic are the siesmatic shifts in the
slow tectonic Velipoje area which is in the northern part of the field of Lezha, and less Mates coast. One of the
most serious shortcomings of the North Coast area is the environmental management or rather the lack of it. In
this paper we will try to address the problems of this area in the context of tourism and relevant measures for
better management and to protect it from the erosion phenomenon
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Watershed Characterization And Management Planning In Wular Catchment [www.wr...WriteKraft Dissertations
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world
Subjects/Areas We Cover
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michael Scoullos, Water resources management & BRs in the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Ljupka D. Zajkov, Ohrid ‑ Prespa Bioshpere Reserve, UNESCO's MAB Programme, North Macedonia
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
6. ESIA Training Myanmar: Offshore oil and gas – Key biodiversity risks and m...Ethical Sector
On 19/20 March, two biodiversity, business and human rights events were organised by MCRB in Yangon: a multistakeholder consultation on the draft Briefing Paper, and a training session conducted by a number of international experts on biodiversity and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for around 70 representatives from companies, particularly EIA consultancies.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/reinforcing-connections.html
Montezuma national wildlife refuge research projectNatalie Angers
This is a presentation I created for my Environmental and Ecosystems Management class. I discuss the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in NY and talk about some of the challenges at the refuge.
Watershed Characterization And Management Planning In Wular Catchment [www.wr...WriteKraft Dissertations
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world
Subjects/Areas We Cover
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michael Scoullos, Water resources management & BRs in the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Ljupka D. Zajkov, Ohrid ‑ Prespa Bioshpere Reserve, UNESCO's MAB Programme, North Macedonia
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
6. ESIA Training Myanmar: Offshore oil and gas – Key biodiversity risks and m...Ethical Sector
On 19/20 March, two biodiversity, business and human rights events were organised by MCRB in Yangon: a multistakeholder consultation on the draft Briefing Paper, and a training session conducted by a number of international experts on biodiversity and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for around 70 representatives from companies, particularly EIA consultancies.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/reinforcing-connections.html
Montezuma national wildlife refuge research projectNatalie Angers
This is a presentation I created for my Environmental and Ecosystems Management class. I discuss the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in NY and talk about some of the challenges at the refuge.
Ground Water Conditions and Major-Ion Hydrogeochemistry of the Benin Formatio...iosrjce
Field determination of water table head from more than thirty randomly located dug wells have
been used to establish that the water table gradient in the shallow sandy Benin Formation aquifer that underlies
the Sapele urban area is generally inclined northwards. Groundwater flow is thus mainly northwards from the
city center towards the Ethiope River. Transmisivity of the sands at a deeper horizon has been estimated at
27.5m2
per day. Groundwater is mildly acidic at mean pH 6.5. TDS is generally low at mean 42mg/l and
lowest at 15.2 mg/l. Groundwater mixing and ion exchange processes prevent the dominance of specific cations
and water types range from Ca +Na + Mg at Shell Rd in the south east to Ca+ Mg at Urhobo Road in the city
center. The chloride ion dominates. Water in the Ethiope River is also mildly acidic at mean pH 6.5 and TDS is
lowest at PHCN, 12mg/l and highest at AT&P wood works, 184mg/l where sawmill wastes are dumped in the
river. Notwithstanding, indices of aquatic ecosystem health are well below recommended threshold values and
water in the area is of such exceptionally unique high chemical quality that it may be utilized for water supply
irrigation and industry
Study of Lifestyle Trends on Changing Food Habits of Indian Consumersiosrjce
Global markets have increased the plethora of options available to Indian consumers. With the clear
shift in consumer tastes and preferences, food companies have also capitalized on the same. While Indian
consumers are still not as heavily impacted by the obesity epidemic like some other developed nations – there is
a clear shift; one which does not augur well for the health of the average citizen. The objective of this paper was
to identify these key lifestyle trends that have emerged over the dozen years or so – and understand the way they
are changing food habits. For this purpose, we talked to 600 respondents across 6 cities in India. The research
was conducted using a questionnaire administered online and through CATI. The results overwhelmingly show
that there is a shift from opting to eat at home to opting to eat out. Also interestingly awareness about harmful
effects of processed foods was high but the reason for consumption was attributed primarily to ease of purchase.
The implications of the research are an attempt to ensure that key steps are taken by public officials: such as a
tax on unhealthy foods, subsidies for healthy food, and promotion of healthy norms. Also FSSAI guidelines need
to strengthen to ensure that customer awareness increase and food companies opt for a more transparent
communication platform.
Teresa Clotilde Ojeda Sánchez: Sesión de Aprendizaje 02 de Unidad Didáctica 02 del Área de Comunicación - Tercer grado de Primaria 2015: "Planificamos nuestras actividades en una asamblea"
En esta sesión, los niños y las niñas deberán dialogar a fin de establecer acuerdos, propiciar interacciones y poner por escrito lo acordado.
Teresa Clotilde Ojeda Sánchez: Sesión de Aprendizaje 03 de Unidad Didáctica 02 del Área de Personal Social - Tercer grado de Primaria 2015: "Nos conocemos y nos aceptamos como somos"
En esta sesión, los niños y las niñas aprenderán a identificar lo bueno y positivo de cada uno de ellos, para así tener mayor confianza en sí mismos y aceptarse como son; en la medida en que se sepan reconocer sus fortalezas, podrán afirmar su identidad.
Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment of a Coastal Aquifer: North Coast...IJERA Editor
Groundwater pollution in the north coast of Mombasa is not only from surface sources but also from the
intrusion of seawater via the Indian Ocean and creeks. This study assessed the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer
to seawater intrusion using GALDIT index overlay method with the aid of GIS. Thematic maps of six major
factors affecting seawater intrusion were prepared, and given appropriate weightages and ratings. These maps
were overlaid, spatially analyzed to produce vulnerability maps and described based on low, moderate or high
vulnerabilities. The results revealed a significant increase in percentage land cover for low vulnerability areas
and a slight increase for high vulnerability regions between the pre-rains and the peak of raining season. The
outcomes of this study provide useful insights on effective groundwater management for the study area.
Water quality study in Mallorca’s island North-Northeast region: GIS analysis...Talles Di Cunto
A web-based mapping of Mallorca’s N-NE water resources, pointing out that due to irregular chemical discharge by various economic activities and saline intrusion, participatory practises can help avoid water scarcity and ensure its water management sustainability.
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Gabriela Morozov, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
Similar to North Coastal Zone Management of the Adriatic Sea and the Measures Taken To Protect the Coast from Sea Erosion (20)
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
North Coastal Zone Management of the Adriatic Sea and the Measures Taken To Protect the Coast from Sea Erosion
1. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2015), PP 23-27
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2402-09122327 www.iosrjournals.org 23 | Page
North Coastal Zone Management of the Adriatic Sea and the
Measures Taken To Protect the Coast from Sea Erosion
Phd. Mirela Tase1
,
“University Moses” Alexander, Durres, Albania.
Abstract: The North Coast lies from the jaws of Buna to cape Rodon. This area includes 66.4km or ¼ of the
Adriatic coastline. The coastal zone management study provides recognition and protection of the environment
from the negative phenomena that appear under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the land
and assessment of coastal phenomena in the service of society at both national, regional and local levels. It
should be emphasized that the ocean level rise due to global climate warming is also reflected in the sea. But
what may become offensive in terms of land and in a not too distant future, may include an important area
which is favored by nearly flat surfaces sloping quite gradually. Also problematic are the siesmatic shifts in the
slow tectonic Velipoje area which is in the northern part of the field of Lezha, and less Mates coast. One of the
most serious shortcomings of the North Coast area is the environmental management or rather the lack of it. In
this paper we will try to address the problems of this area in the context of tourism and relevant measures for
better management and to protect it from the erosion phenomenon.
Keywords: management, environmental, coast, protection.
I. Introduction
The territory in the study washed by the Adriatic throughout a coastline of 66.4 km (1 / 4 length of the
coastline of the Adriatic sea bordering our country) starts from the cape of Mendre about 4.5 km west of Ulcinj
up to the cape of Rodon. The distance as the crow flies (marine) between the cape of Rodon and cape Mendre is
estimated at 23.5 miles (43.5 km). One of the largest bays of southeastern Adriatic makes it possible to sail and
anchor position while shipping at small (depth at the entrance of the bay is estimated 70m and it is gradually
reduced up to the coast). The geographical location of the study area is considered very favorable for economic
development. It is especially good for different types of tourism (like medical tourism, eco-tourism, scientific,
historical, etc.).
Of particular importance is the terrestrial coastal belt with concentrations of coastal lagoons and wet
lands, rivers Drini -Mati- Ishëm. These natural areas can attract visitors who are interested in combining their
holiday with studying and gaining an experience of nature, ecological tourist but also a greater number of
tourists connected and interested in the environment. These tourists are seeking a diversification of
environmental characteristics and a high environmental quality. Natural routes and areas with high biodiversity
can be separated and managed with care for such purposes
The coastal belt is also available for the development opportunities related to tourism and leisure.
Having the status of natural diversity of lagoons and wetlands of the tourism based-area on the environment is
not only sensitive to these habitats but also increases more compact development options for the area. However,
the sensitivity of wetlands and associated coastal systems from people's input, tourism in this area should be
allowed in specific areas in smaller numbers in groups rather than spread along the coast, and to be closely
associated with the creation of a zone of defense system for all northern coastal region. Protected areas such
should include a set of interventions from strict nature reserves to those inputs directed and administered in
reserves with interpretive facilities.
The coastal narrow ecology a cannot afford "mass tourism" (beaches and ecological barriers) to a high
degree. Promotion of this area as an example of the mixture of ecotourism environmental protection can be a
model for others. Mediterranean countries have an awakening of a sense of pride to the local community. But
compared to the southern coastal region, beaches and sea water are less attractive, but they are not far from the
local towns (Scodra). In addition, in some areas as Velipoja, conditions are as attractive to the local and regional
perspective
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Map. 1. Geological maps of the coastal zone between the mouth of the river Buna and cape of Rodon, scale 1:
50000
Management of the coast in the study area provides recognition and protection of the environment from
the negative phenomena that appear under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the one hand
and evaluation of coastal phenomena in the service of society at both national, regional and local levels. The
main rivers flowing into the northern coastal area stand for a strong rigid flow which has favored coastal
footwear, creating various forms of accumulation as delta, scythes, littoral cordons beaches etc.
One of the most serious shortcomings of the northern coastal area is environmental management or
rather lack of it, which in view of the prospects of these sectors or others associated with giving its
encroachment towards development perspective that is exactly the basis of economic recovery and resources.
The issues involved are as until they affect the social and economic, physical / function. Such considerations
although in the past were seen as implications of the economic developments in the 90s, today seen as
prerequisites for growth. Maintaining tools and the natural of resources is essential. This at first glance gives
the impression of a modern tendency to destroy the control of the state, but from all final analysis it is clear that
this region needs better administration. Better management is essential for a sustainable growth. Rational
management does not depend exclusively on its financial resources. The main obstacle is usually the
institutional establishment, lack of direction, the control and effective propulsion mechanisms.
II. The Plan Coastal Zone Management
Preliminary Areas Planned and Investment Opportunities
Analysis of problems, characteristics, possibilities and constraints suggests that the existence and the
future of the region in the study area depends on joint actions to cope with changes and to meet future needs.
Such actions should take into account the social ecological characteristics of the geographical area along the
coast and develop a coherent framework for its rational management, a northern coastal management plan.
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Such a plan would provide spatial organization of people, infrastructure and activities. This plan should
be based on the principles of sustainable development which means that priority should be given to both
ecological sustainability of economic development.
III. Planned Areas North Coastal Region
Relying on the coastline can be identified in two geographic areas,
• The area that stretches from the river Buna to Shengjin (northern area)
• The area that stretches from Shengjin to Ishmi river (southern area)
By analyzing the characteristics and dynamics of the coastal zone, we have identified three areas coupling:
The strip of land near the sea that is a 300-400m wide area on both sides of the coast including beaches,
lagoons and coastal wetlands.
The intermediate zone of several kilometers, which includes farmland, hills, plains and transport axes
setting.
The deep area which includes parts of mountainous areas surrounding mountain ranges different
3.1 For each area have three different levels of intensity of management:
The focus of management in the coastal belt is the preservation of ecological zones with high sensitivity,
lagoons and coastal wetlands and support human activities in harmony with the natural ecosystem
functions. Implementation of regulations and powerful control of land development are essential in this
context.
The focus of the administration in the intermediate zone includes water management and land. Water is the
main factor connector (outputs / inputs residues and neighboring areas) between the coastal strip and the
buffer zone. The quality and quantity of it is of utmost importance to support natural ecosystems in the
coastal belt. Therefore water resource management (including wastewater and water in general) is the
backbone of the actions in this area. Given that initially between rivers flowing water and irrigation systems
prevalent is clear that irrigation needs a strong monitoring and control in this area. Along with irrigation
comes the need for agricultural activities and natural resources. Land arrangements are thus an integral part
of the plan administrator for this area. Transitional urban planning mechanisms such as land development
control can serve as a key tool for this purpose
The focus of deep zone management and coastal management perspective, are underground streams which
flow between fields. Its monitoring is essential in relation to problems of quantity and quality, but also the
remaining sediments. At this point it is essential to increase to coastal management, which should include
all three areas in a system of actions. Each planning area can be subdivided into planning areas in order to
specify the coastal management strategy with the peculiarities of geographic spaces (features and issues).
There are identified two broad axes of interventions in the management of the area under study.
The Restoration and preservation of biodiversity
The developing tourism
3.1. a. Restoration and preservation of biodiversity
The important role of coastal habitats in the narrow northern shore considerations on biodiversity and
ecology should be the first and here should determine the level of development that the area has to face. It is
essential that the effects of activities in the region if in an opposite directions and close, are important to be
considered. Establishing criteria and the creation of "sensitive areas ecological" (Z) should be done first, and
from this point of view there should be a determination of their various fields and protected areas. This should
be done in the form of a general strategy for all coastal biodiversity, taking into account various sources of
pollution. Therefore a parallel strategy on pollution parameters should be based on known criteria European and
Mediterranean necessary
3.1. b. Tourist developments
Tourism is already being increasingly recognized as an important source of exchange with the outside
world. However the construction of other facilities may have direct consequences on the environment where you
cannot set properly, cleaning of vegetation in areas with erosion properties, filling of wetlands, causing
increased construction of sewage systems and solid waste, inadequate construction barriers and thus
contributing to the degradation and alternations shoreline processes. There may be significant loss of natural
capital as a result of inadequate planning along with the destruction of the coastline and aesthetic image
decrease towards tourists.
Tourism activity can have a negative impact on ecosystems, for instance, they can cause pollution.
Boats and anchors can destroy sensitive habitats under water, such as sea. Degraded tourist areas can give a
negative image of an area which could current investments and future. Therefore it is important to link tourism
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with natural conservation through the establishment of standards not only environmental but also ensuring that
large areas are stored
To protected areas(which means natural reserves, national parks and scenic landscapes) are important
points that can attract people and are a source of income for local communities and for the national one. In this
way the creation of tourism that is focused on protected areas can help to diversify the economic underpinnings
of the agricultural economy. Protected areas are an indication that the esthetic and ecological criteria for
sustainable tourism should be taken into account. This helps to promote scientific exchanges between different
cultures and between people.
Since a tourist area have potential tourists should consider the following criteria:
acceptance naturally from the environment (s) and market (found)
circumstances satisfactory
interesting species
variety of activities
different standard accommodation and convenience.
So attention must be paid to the potential negative impacts that parks and protected areas can cause
when not adjusted properly and become more populated. This may include invasions, pollution, recreation based
habitat destruction
It is important to consider the carrying capacity. It is commonly used given the level of tourists.
Criterion weight carrying capacity also puts pressure on ecological capacity, fragility, lifestyle of wild animals
of different species behavior, perception of visitors etc.
The growth of the world ocean level due to climate warming is also reflected in the sea offensive in
terms of land and in a not too distant perspective may involve significant area which is favored by almost flat
surfaces with very little slope, as and tectonic highs as Velipoje area and in the northern part of the field of
Lezha.
“Beaches crisis” has become very sensitive in our area of study. To reduce the erosive effect on the
beaches of the area under study, it is recommended to take such measures
Build structures located at an angle under the direction of currents predominantly formed by the action
of winds in the area, which inhibit the transport of solid materials by depositing them currents.
Another measure is the establishment of structures perpendicular to the first construction.
Filling the coast is another measure to protect beaches from erosion. Areas for making feeders should be in
place to allow direct filling of sand shore and distribution through sediment transport to feed the critical
areas of erosion along the coast from north to south.
Construction of protective structures, should be planned and built after a very detailed study of all the
elements that affect the erosion of the banks of the beach. In the terms of raising the level of the world ocean.
Coastal protection in the study area takes a particular specific and therefore to protecting a large area field will
take us work experience Dutch coast storage dam parallel to the sea.
It is important for wetlands protection process in terms of closing the channels of circulation to the sea.
For this it is necessary to take measures after the engineering character in the lagoons of Lezha and that of
Viluni, regardless of the current situation of the closing of their risk by depositing exists especially in the
lagoons.
We believe that the most effective is the use of Danish experience which betony structure near the
canal sets which do not allow depositions brought about by currents so that their materials might penetrate
toward the canal.
IV. Conclusions
The coastal zone between the mouth of the river Buna and cape of Rodon (North Coastal region), occupies
an important area of the Adriatic and owns 25% of the Adriatic coastline in the country.
The zone is by a great value natural coastal landscape (lagoon, delta, beaches, dunes, arrows) and great
natural value as fertile lands, dense vegetation varied, appropriate climatic conditions, a dense network of
river, large quantities of groundwater.
V. Recommendations
First we must take measures to protect the beaches engineering using French and Italian experience.
Through barriers cement located opposite the currents that transport alluvium and to prevent them from
destroying then we must recreational areas.
Second we must create legislation for the protection of beaches and dunes and across the coast as a whole.
To preserve ecological conditions, especially in lagoons and delta in order to preserve biodiversity of flora
and fauna which is necessary for ecological tourism.
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Do not develop mass tourism which enables the preservation of the environment of two protected areas that
exist in them.
Develop medical tourism in isolated areas such as the Rana.
Do not allow the construction of housing in the area beaches and protected areas. The minimum distance
should be no closer than (100- 150 meters).
To provide for the protection of lowland and coastal area in cases of advancing sea due to climate
warming, regardless by its high cost for construction of dams (as in the Netherlands).
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