Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide many economic and ecological benefits. They were once viewed negatively but that changed as people recognized their value. Wetlands are defined based on hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation. Malaysia has many important wetland areas, mainly mangroves, that protect the coastline and support biodiversity and local communities.
Wastelands refer to degraded lands that are currently underutilized, and are deteriorating for lack of appropriate soil & water management or on account of natural causes.
Wastelands develop naturally or due to influence of environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or management constraints.
The classification scheme adopted for monitoring of wasteland on 1:50,000 scale.
On the other hand, the Wasteland Development Board and some other institutions have considered all those categories of land as wastelands which are not under the use of forest pasture and cultivation.
From the utilization point of view, wastelands are classified as forest wasteland and non-forest wasteland, cultivated wasteland and non-cultivated wasteland .
In the wasteland classification scheme followed by Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development and National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space, Govt. of India during 2003 for Wastelands Atlas of India 2005, 28 categories of wastelands were identified which have been now brought down to 23 categories in the wasteland classification scheme followed in 2006 for the preparation of Wastelands Atlas of India 2010.
Following thirteen categories of lands were classified under wastelands in India.
Gullied and/or ravenous land
Upland with or without scrub.
Water logged and marshy land.
Land affected by salinity/alkalinity-coastal /inland.
Shifting cultivation area.
Underutilized /degraded notified forest land.
Degraded pastures/grazing land.
Sands-deserted/coastal
Mining-industrial wastelands.
Barren rocky/stony waste/ sheet rocky area.
Steep sloping areas.
Snow covered land/or glacial area.
Degraded land under plantation crops
Wetland resources management in BangladeshTanvirHridoy1
Wetland resources management in Bangladesh
A patch of land that develops pools of water after a rainstorm would not necessarily be considered a "wetland", even though the land is wet. Wetlands have unique characteristics: they are generally distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level and on the types of plants that live within them. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a water table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants.
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
Wastelands refer to degraded lands that are currently underutilized, and are deteriorating for lack of appropriate soil & water management or on account of natural causes.
Wastelands develop naturally or due to influence of environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or management constraints.
The classification scheme adopted for monitoring of wasteland on 1:50,000 scale.
On the other hand, the Wasteland Development Board and some other institutions have considered all those categories of land as wastelands which are not under the use of forest pasture and cultivation.
From the utilization point of view, wastelands are classified as forest wasteland and non-forest wasteland, cultivated wasteland and non-cultivated wasteland .
In the wasteland classification scheme followed by Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development and National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space, Govt. of India during 2003 for Wastelands Atlas of India 2005, 28 categories of wastelands were identified which have been now brought down to 23 categories in the wasteland classification scheme followed in 2006 for the preparation of Wastelands Atlas of India 2010.
Following thirteen categories of lands were classified under wastelands in India.
Gullied and/or ravenous land
Upland with or without scrub.
Water logged and marshy land.
Land affected by salinity/alkalinity-coastal /inland.
Shifting cultivation area.
Underutilized /degraded notified forest land.
Degraded pastures/grazing land.
Sands-deserted/coastal
Mining-industrial wastelands.
Barren rocky/stony waste/ sheet rocky area.
Steep sloping areas.
Snow covered land/or glacial area.
Degraded land under plantation crops
Wetland resources management in BangladeshTanvirHridoy1
Wetland resources management in Bangladesh
A patch of land that develops pools of water after a rainstorm would not necessarily be considered a "wetland", even though the land is wet. Wetlands have unique characteristics: they are generally distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level and on the types of plants that live within them. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a water table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants.
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
Inventory of Wetlands Fowls by Sana HaroonSana_haroon
A wetland is a place where the land is covered by water, either salt, fresh or somewhere in between.
Marshes and ponds, the edge of a lake or ocean, mouth of a river, all of these are wetlands.
They may be natural or man made.
Natural wetlands include rivers, streams, lakes, marshes, bogs and swamps etc.
Man-made wetlands include canals, ponds, paddy fields, fish farms etc.
They cover approximately six percent of surface area of the globe and occur almost in every country right from tundra region to tropical areas.
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Wetlands in Bangladesh encompass a wide verity of dynamic ecosystems ranging from mangrove forest (about 577, 100 ha), natural lakes, man-made reservoir (Kaptai lake), freshwater marshes (about 400 haors), oxbow lakes (about 54488 ha, locally known as baors), freshwater depressions (about 1,000 beels), fish ponds and tanks (about 147, 000 ha), estuaries and seasonal inundated extensive floodplains (Akonda, 1989; cited in Akbar Ali Khan 1993 and DoF 1985).
Believers IAS Academy provides the Best IAS Coaching in Bangalore with quality mentoring. We offer online and offline classes for aspirants with relevant study materials, excellent guidance from experienced faculty, and weekly tests to improve their skills. We are the Best IAS Coaching Centers in Bangalore.
Developing Australia's Tropical Water ResourceseWater
As Australia looks increasingly to its tropical northern lands as a prospective ‘food-bowl for Asia’ we should reflect on two important questions:
(i) Have we gained sufficient knowledge and wisdom from a century of unsustainable irrigation practices in southern Australia to do things differently in the future?
(ii) Is Northern Australia really the agricultural utopia that some in the community argue, and do the potential rewards justify the risks to our largely pristine and biodiverse tropical river basins?
Part one of this series describes the environmental consequences of water resources development in Australia’s south – in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, delta systems, and coral reefs are increasingly at risk due in large part to
settlement and development along rapidly urbanizing coasts. The resulting degradation of these ecosystems,
especially the degradation of natural infrastructure, increasingly exposes coastal cities and their inhabitants to
more frequent and severe natural hazards and disproportionately impacts poor populations who often rely on these ecosystems for livelihoods, food, and other essential benefits.
Analyzing a lake ecosystem is an interesting and everlasting area of Environmental Studies. Since these water bodies are subjected to pollution and degradation, analyzing them is an essential requirement. These analytical works come under a special branch of Science called Limnology.
Inventory of Wetlands Fowls by Sana HaroonSana_haroon
A wetland is a place where the land is covered by water, either salt, fresh or somewhere in between.
Marshes and ponds, the edge of a lake or ocean, mouth of a river, all of these are wetlands.
They may be natural or man made.
Natural wetlands include rivers, streams, lakes, marshes, bogs and swamps etc.
Man-made wetlands include canals, ponds, paddy fields, fish farms etc.
They cover approximately six percent of surface area of the globe and occur almost in every country right from tundra region to tropical areas.
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Wetlands in Bangladesh encompass a wide verity of dynamic ecosystems ranging from mangrove forest (about 577, 100 ha), natural lakes, man-made reservoir (Kaptai lake), freshwater marshes (about 400 haors), oxbow lakes (about 54488 ha, locally known as baors), freshwater depressions (about 1,000 beels), fish ponds and tanks (about 147, 000 ha), estuaries and seasonal inundated extensive floodplains (Akonda, 1989; cited in Akbar Ali Khan 1993 and DoF 1985).
Believers IAS Academy provides the Best IAS Coaching in Bangalore with quality mentoring. We offer online and offline classes for aspirants with relevant study materials, excellent guidance from experienced faculty, and weekly tests to improve their skills. We are the Best IAS Coaching Centers in Bangalore.
Developing Australia's Tropical Water ResourceseWater
As Australia looks increasingly to its tropical northern lands as a prospective ‘food-bowl for Asia’ we should reflect on two important questions:
(i) Have we gained sufficient knowledge and wisdom from a century of unsustainable irrigation practices in southern Australia to do things differently in the future?
(ii) Is Northern Australia really the agricultural utopia that some in the community argue, and do the potential rewards justify the risks to our largely pristine and biodiverse tropical river basins?
Part one of this series describes the environmental consequences of water resources development in Australia’s south – in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, delta systems, and coral reefs are increasingly at risk due in large part to
settlement and development along rapidly urbanizing coasts. The resulting degradation of these ecosystems,
especially the degradation of natural infrastructure, increasingly exposes coastal cities and their inhabitants to
more frequent and severe natural hazards and disproportionately impacts poor populations who often rely on these ecosystems for livelihoods, food, and other essential benefits.
Analyzing a lake ecosystem is an interesting and everlasting area of Environmental Studies. Since these water bodies are subjected to pollution and degradation, analyzing them is an essential requirement. These analytical works come under a special branch of Science called Limnology.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. The way that wetlands are viewed has
evolved over time:
Wetlands were considered
“bug-infested, disease-
ridden wastelands that
impeded settlement and
economic development.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Wetlands contribute significantly to the economy of Malaysia; firstly
through agricultural production1, forestry and fisheries2; second, and
increasingly, for water supply3 (for domestic use as well as for
irrigation).
• Other economic and ecological benefits of wetlands include
groundwater replenishment4, maintenance of water tables5 for
agriculture, flood control6, shoreline protection and stabilization7,
climate change mitigation8, sediment and nutrient retention9, water
purification10 and habitats for biodiversity11. Tourism12 in wetlands is
also becoming increasingly important.
3. • The widely known in the field of wetlands research, management and
conservation, has agreed that the definition of wetlands should be as
follows:
“Land inundated with temporary or permanent water that is usually
slow moving or stationary, shallow, either in fresh, brackish or saline,
where the inundation determines the type and productivity of soils and
the plant and animal communities”.
4. • The definition of wetland depends on three strong characteristics,
namely the presence of water, type of soil and type of vegetation.
• These factors will determine the definition based on its local
geographical setting. In any case, the definition of wetlands stated in
the Convention of Wetlands of International Importance, also known
as Ramsar Convention 1971, is widely accepted when discussing
about mutual cooperation for the sustainable management and
conservation of wetlands (Davis, 1999).
5. What is wetlands
Wetlands has been defined by Ramsar (2014), as "areas of marsh,
fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or
temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or
salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide
does not exceed six metres".
6. What are wetlands anyway?
Until the 1980’s, wetlands were mostly viewed as a transitional
stage in a sequence of ecosystem development (i.e. succession)
from pond/lake to climax grassland or forest.
7. Wetlands are an interface between the terrestrial and aquatic environments and their
evolution and expansion depends largely on the rate of water saturation of the area (Bhatti et
al., 2006).
They are environmentally sensitive areas and therefore, sensitive to environmental changes.
Climate change is a major factor that affects wetlands in a very short period of time through
various ways, such as surface runoff, evaporation, infiltration among others.
8. Wetland scientists and others now recognize wetlands
as distinct ecosystems that are highly connected with,
but distinct from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Nevertheless, delineating
the boundaries between
wetlands and aquatic and
terrestrial systems involves
drawing a somewhat
arbitrary (but scientifically
defensible) line along an
ecological continuum.
9. • Generally, wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant
factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and
animal communities living in the soil and on its surface (Cowardin, 1979).
• Wetlands vary widely because of regional and local differences in soils,
topography, climate, hydrology, water chemistry, vegetation, and other
factors, including human disturbance.
• Indeed, wetlands are found from the tundra to the tropics and on every
continent except Antarctica.
10. • Areas where a water table is, near or above the surface and
where soils are water saturated for a sufficient length of
time such that excess water and resulting low soil oxygen
levels are principal determinants of vegetation and soil
development. Wetland swill have a relative abundance of
obligate hydrophytes in the vegetation community and soil
featuring ‘’hydric’’ characteristics.(Allen et al., 2000)
• Soils and plants are adapted to anaerobic environments.
• Performs essential, varieties function in ecological and
hydrological aspects.
• Eg: peat swamp, mangrove forests
11.
12. How do we define (delineate) wetlands?
Wetland scientists provide the answer (3-
legged stool).
• Hydrology
• Hydric soils
• Plants
Let’s briefly examine each of these criteria:
13. Hydrology Criterion
• Lands that are inundated or saturated to within
18” of the soil surface for > 7 consecutive days
during the growing season.
14. Hydric Soil Criterion
• Soils, recognizable by their color, physical
structure, and chemical characteristics, that have
developed under anoxic conditions associated
with saturation or inundation by water.
15. Vegetation Criterion
• Lands that support a preponderance of plants that are adapted to
growing under conditions of substrate inundation or saturation.
16. • Wetlands are highly recognized due to its multiple potential values
and functions such as inter-alia, water supply, biochemical functions,
wildlife habitats, food security, defense and control against natural
disasters like flood, tsunami, and drought among others.
• Wetlands like mangrove swamps act as a natural barrier for the
protection of shoreline against tidal waves and strong winds.
According to Kuenzler (1989), wetlands can filter 90% of sediments,
89% nitrogen and 80% phosphorous from surface runoffs.
• It has a strong tendency to absorb nutrients from pesticides, heavy
metals and other toxins such as chlorination and petroleum
hydrocarbons.
• They provide the oxygen humans breathe in, moderate the local
climate.
17. • They serve as habitats to wildlife of various species. Dennison and
Berry (1993) state that wetlands provide nurturing grounds for a
number of bird species during their early developmental stage. It is an
important natural resource for both local and global communities and
is rich with flora and fauna.
• It also serves tourism attraction places. It prevents floods and
protects river banks from the erosion effects of high peak flow rates
(Azous and Horner, 2001).
18. The way that wetlands are viewed has
evolved over time:
• The public, especially user groups, began to recognize the resource
values of wetlands.
• Concern began to grow in the 1950’s and 1960’s over an alarming rate
of wetland loss in the WORLD.
• Consequently, appreciation of wetlands increased…
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. AN OVERVIEW OF WETLANDS MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
• The ecosystem of wetlands in Malaysia is facing overwhelming threats
from rapid development and urbanization of its many hinterlands.
This, added with unregulated industrial expansion, has caused
lifelong damages to these naturally resilient interfaces between land
and sea. Natural disasters such as the tsunami of 2005 triggered the
drive to protect these natural environments.
• Several legal avenues have been taken and the government steadily
increases attention to the environment by including them as
environmentally sensitive areas.
25. What are wetlands in Malaysia and how do they contribute to the country?
• Wetlands in Malaysia are mostly mangrove forests found in coastal regions
and along riverbanks near to the sea. Such places are complex and dynamic
ecosystems with the abundance of flora and fauna.
• According to a recent study, wildlife alone includes not less than 60 species
of plants and a variety of fishes, mammals, avian and insects, all providing
for the food chain between them (Muzzneena et al., 2005).
• Mangroves are deemed natural barriers against the furious waves of the
sea and protect the coastal areas from storms that cause flooding and
coastal erosion.
26. Nevertheless, mangrove forests are eventually threatened and not just in
Malaysia, for around the Southeast Asian region, threats come from various
sectors, mostly human activity.
These range from hunting, logging and shrimp farming. The recent industry of
shrimp farming has further threatened the ecosystem of mangroves; shrimp
farmers cut a large portion of mangroves to clear the way to expand their
shrimp farms. This is further encouraged by the increasing demand in food
supply and shrimp farming is a profitable industry in many parts of Malaysia.
27. • Wetlands in Malaysia are mostly mangroves, they account for about
11.7% of the total area of Southeast Asia mangroves.
• The mangroves consist of species such as Cryptocoryne ciliate, najas
and ruppia maritime. It is categorised as exposed mangroves that can
be found growing seawards and along large water bodies, they are
flooded during medium tides.
• Malaysia presently has seven sites designated as Wetlands of
International Importance, with the total surface area of 134,182.2
hectares
28. DESIGNATED WETLANDS AREAS IN MALAYSIA
1 Kota Kinabalu Wetland
Site number: 2,290 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: The Site is located at the West Coast of the State of
Sabah, in the eastern part of Malaysia (in the Northern Region of Borneo). It is within the administrative district of the
City of Kota Kinabalu. The Central Business District lies 2 km southwest.
Area: 24.2 ha | Coordinates: 05°59'06"N 116°05'13"E | Designation dates: 22-10-2016
2 Kuching Wetlands National Park
Site number: 1,568 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Sarawak
Area: 6,610 ha | Coordinates: 01°40'59"N 110°13'59"E | Designation dates: 08-11-2005
3 Lower Kinabatangan-Segama Wetlands
Site number: 1,849 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Sabah
Area: 78,803 ha | Coordinates: 05°37'59"N 118°34'59"E | Designation dates: 08-09-2008
4 Pulau Kukup
Site number: 1,287 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Johor
Area: 647 ha | Coordinates: 01°19'N 103°25'E | Designation dates: 31-01-2003
5 Sungai Pulai
Site number: 1,288 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Johor
Area: 9,126 ha | Coordinates: 01°22'59"N 103°31'59"E | Designation dates: 31-01-2003
6 Tanjung Piai
Site number: 1,289 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Johor
Area: 526 ha | Coordinates: 01°16'N 103°31'E | Designation dates: 31-01-2003
7 Tasek Bera
Site number: 712 | Country: Malaysia | Administrative region: Pahang
Area: 38,446 ha | Coordinates: 02°58'N 102°36'E | Designation dates: 10-11-1994
29.
30. • Wetland management refers to the activities that take place either within or in
the wetlands so as to protect, conserve and boost their functions and values.
• Wetlands management in Malaysia has advanced from the traditional approach
to modern one with strong support of governmental and nongovernmental
organizations, legislation, and sophisticated technologies.
• This is mostly the responsibility of both state and federal government with the aid
of other non-governmental bodies through the provision of legal and
administrative structure; enforce laws and guidelines governing these wetlands.
Wetland management in Malaysia is supported by various legislations
administered by government agencies.
• Each of legislation or regulation administers different scope of wetland
management, such as planning and development, engineering approach, forestry
practices and laws, and land administration.
31. NO AGENCY RELEVANT LEGISLATION /REGULATION CONCERN FOR
1 Economic Planning Unit • Federal Constitution
• National Land Code 1965
Wetland habitat issues that affect the state’s
interests in terms of environment
2 Town and Country Planning Department,
Ministry of Housing and Local Government
• Town and Country Planning Act 1976
• Guidelines for Development and Planning in Coastal Areas
(Planning Standard JPBD 6/97)
Development plans (eg. policies on wetland
habitat)
3 Local Planning
Authorities
• Town and Country Planning Act 1976 Local forward planning and planning control
(eg. implementation of policies on wetland
habitat)
4 Department of Irrigation and Drainage
(DID), Ministry of Agriculture
• Administrative circular no. 5/87 (requires all development
• submit plans to DID)
• Guidelines on Erosion Control for Development Projects on
• the Coastal Zone, Guidelines no. 1/97
Engineering approach to protect the
environment (eg. wetland habitat)
control and management of flooding (natural
waywetland areas)
5 Department of Environment, Ministry
of Science, Technology and Innovation
• Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)
(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987
• Environmental Quality Act 1974
EIA prescribes activities such as land
reclamation, (eg. development in wetland
habitat)
6 Department of Forestry, Ministry of
Primary Industries
• National Forest Act 1984
• Forest Rules 1986
Planning, managing and enforcing forestry laws
and practices with respect to wetlands.
7 Fisheries Department • Fisheries Act 1985 Activities result in the creation of artificial
wetlands such as aquaculture ponds for
prawns and fish.
8 Land and Mines Department • National Land Code 1965 Land administration (eg. wetland habitat)
Demarcation for wetland Areas
9 Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism • Ecotourism guidelines for coastal development, (Beach) Coastal wetland resources
10 Department of Wildlife and National Park • Marine Parks Regulations, sections 41-45 of Fisheries Act
1985
• Protection of Wildlife Act 1976
Conservation area with important wetland
resources
32. Wetlands:
…wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems
in the world…
…wetlands act as “sponges” on the landscape…
…wetlands are the “kidneys” of the landscape…
…wetlands are hotspots of biodiversity…
Editor's Notes
Riparian=refers to any land adjacent to water bodies or wetlands. These maybe upland sites or periodically flooded eco systems.
Hydrics=
superior in weight, force, influence, numbers, etc.