The document discusses the double and triple burden of disease faced by many developing countries. The double burden refers to dealing with both communicable diseases like diarrhea and malnutrition as well as non-communicable diseases like heart disease and obesity. The triple burden adds maternal mortality and undernutrition to the mix. Poverty, lack of clean water and sanitation, and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. Developing countries face challenges in addressing this evolving triple burden through their health systems. Solutions proposed include policies that target structural, community, and individual levels simultaneously.

1. Double and triple burden of
disease
Presented by :
Shruti lama

2. Difination of burden of disease (BOD)
• Burden of disease is the burden that a particular disease process has
in a particular area as measured by cost ,morbidity,mortality.
• It’s measures the impact of living with illness and injury and dying
prematurely.
• And measures the year of healthy life loss from death to illness.

3. Double burden of disease
Difination
• This is when a defined area (region, country Territory etc.) Is having
deal with both centuries old communicable disease Problem like
infectious diarrhea , and under nutrition as well as the modern non-
communicable disease problems like obesity ,heart disease.

4. The factor that enable the Spread of
infectious disease
• Poverty
• Unclean water
• Proper sanitation and Weak health system
• Unhealthy lifestyle and poor habits like smoking and alcohol.
• Others Factors
• Area of residency , Work stress, education, Age ,family history etc.

5. Issues ,challenges
• Overcrowding and related health issues
• Air pollution and its consequences
• Water and sanitation problem
• Upsurge of non- communicable disease

6. Solution
• Expert endorse plan and policies that simultaneously address.
1. Structural (Including policy, Fiscal industry, Private business,
International collaboration. )
2. Community ( including mass media ,Voluntary organization
,Institution, primary healthcare) and
3. Individual (including behaviour, Pharmacological intervention.

7. Triple burden of disease

8. Introduction
• Most of these countries suffer from a triple burden of disease: the
backlog of common infections, under nutrition, and maternal
mortality, the emerging challenges of non-communicable diseases
(NCDs), such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and mental illness.
• The triple burden of malnutrition is the coexistence of food insecurity,
under nutrition, and overweight and obesity is a growing challenge in
the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The triple burden of
malnutrition leads to large social and economic losses.

9. Distribution Globally
• Global trends on the nature and causes of different health risks have
shifted over the last century. Countries all over the world, including
developing ones like the Philippines, are thus challenged to come up
with health systems that can address these evolving health concerns.
• The World Health Organization (2017) estimated that about half of
the 56.4 million deaths worldwide can be attributed to just 10 causes.
However, in recent years, cases of road injuries have gradually
increased to become one of the top causes of mortality.
• This Economic Issue of the Day explains the concept of triple burden
of disease and its Implications for public health policy.

10. Nationally
• Non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases and trauma are
emerging as a triple burden for healthcare system of developing
countries like Nepal thus hindering our efforts to increase life
expectancy, low economic growth and halting the global strategy for
obtaining good health for all.

11. • NCD account for 36 million deaths (WHO, 2008) in the world. Among
them, 80 % of deaths occur in low and middle income countries.
According to WHO every year an estimated 14 million people die
prematurely in developing countries from preventable heart disease,
stroke, diabetes, cancers and asthma, with major negative
consequences for socioeconomic development. By 2020, these
diseases are expected to account for seven out of every ten deaths.

12. Challenges
• While low and middle-income countries have been struggling with CD
for many years, they are now stuck with NCD and road traffic
accidents putting them in triple burden. In recent years, NCD such as
cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, diabetes, COPD and cancers
have become an emerging pandemic in low and middle-income
countries.

13. • According to the estimates of the WHO, by 2020, NCD will account for
80 percent of the global burden of disease and 70 percent of deaths-
the majority of the burden and death being in low and middle-income
countries. The transition from CD to NCD and road traffic accidents in
low and middle-income countries is being catalyzed by the ongoing
economic development, urbanization and changing lifestyles.

14. CAUSES

15. • Both communicable and non communicable diseases have been the
primary culprits of deaths all over the world in the last two decades
or so. However, in recent years, cases of road injuries have gradually
increased to become one of the top causes of mortality.

16. Control measure

17. Preventions
1. Primordial prevention: Prevention of emergency or development of
risk factor in countries or population group in which they have not
yet appeared. Intervention of individual and mass education. Eg:
national programmes and polices on food and nutrition against
smoking, drugs abuse and to promote regular physical exercise
2. Primary prevention: Action taken prior to onset of disease which
removes the possibility that will ever occur. Intervention of pre-
pathogenesis stages of disease. Mode of intervention of health
promotion and specific protection.

18. 3. Secondary prevention: Action which halts the progress of the disease
at its incipient stage and prevents complication. Intervention of early
pathogenesis stage. Mode of intervention of early diagnosis and
adequate prompt treatment.
4. Tertiary prevention: All the measures available to reduce or limit
impairments and disabilities and minimize suffering caused by existing
depatures from good health and to promote the pattern adjustment to
irremediable conditions. Intervention of late pathogenesis stage. Mode
of intervention of disability limitations and rehabilitation.

19. Thank You !!!