Newspeak
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The document discusses Newspeak, the official language of Oceania in George Orwell's novel 1984. Newspeak aims to restrict freedom of thought by limiting vocabulary related to ideas such as freedom and rebellion. It also introduces concepts like "doublethink" where contradictory beliefs can be held simultaneously. The goal is for Newspeak to eventually replace Oldspeak, eliminating undesirable concepts that do not conform to the totalitarian regime. Euphemistic terms are constructed to disguise the actual meaning of words and concepts. Thinking unapproved thoughts is considered "crimethink" and can result in vaporization.
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2) Instinctive sound theories suggest language emerged from instinctive noises people made.
3) Symbolism theories postulate language developed from reacting to one's surroundings.
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Ang artikulo na ito ay kinabibilangan ng isang tala ng pangkalahatang sanggunian, subalit kulang sa kaukulang pagbanggit sa loob ng mga pangungusap. Pakitulungang mapabuti ang artikulong ito sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakilala ng mas tumpak na mga pagbanggit. (Setyembre 2022) (Alamin kung paano o kailan matatanggal ang mensaheng ito)
Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. ito ay para mas higit na mauunawaan ng isang Pilipino ang kanyang sarili upang sa gayon ay mapaunlad niya ang kanyang buhay. Isang alternatibong perspektibo kung paano ipapaliwanagnag pag-iisip, pagkilos at damdaming Pilipino, na malakiang kaibahan sa mga pananaw ng iba pang anyo ng sikolohiya sa Pilipinas.
Noong 1960s pa lamang ay tinuturo na ang sikolohiya sa mga paaralan na may bahid ng mga Kanluranin. Sinabi ni Dr. Rogelia Pe-Pua na kahit na ang mga illustrados na pinagpalang mag-aral ng sikolohiya noong nasa ilalim pa ng mga Kastila, gaya ng ating mga pambansang bayaning sina Dr. José Rizal at Apolinario Mabini, ay nagpahayag ng pagkadismaya sa paraan ng pagkakaturo nito. Nakita noon ng tagapangulo noon ng Departamento ng Sikolohiya na si Dr. Virgilio Enriquez na may kailangang baguhin para mas madaling maunawaan ito ng mga Pilipino.
Tatlong anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, mayroong tatlong anyo ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, Sikolohiya ng Pilipino, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pag-aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino. Ang Sikolohiya ng Pilipino naman ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pag-aaral, pananaliksik at mga konsepto sa sikolohiya na may kinalaman sa mga Pilipino. Ang panghuling anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay walang iba kundi ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino, mismo. Ayon dito, ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan at oryentasyon ng sa Pilipinas. Samakatuwid, mga Pilipino lamang ang makakasulat tungkol dito.
Sa maikling salita, Ang sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay "bisita sa bahay", Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino ay "tao sa bahay, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay "ang maybahay"
Mga konsepto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Kinikilala ng maraming sikolohista sa akademiya na mayroong pangangailangang isalin ang ibang mga salita sa Filipino upang mas maigi silang talakayin. Ang anim na konsepto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay ang mga sumusunod:
• Ang Katutubong konsepto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay tumutukoy sa mga
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1. Political discourse can refer to either discourse about politics or discourse that is inherently political in nature. It involves language used by politicians and political institutions to achieve political goals.
2. The analysis of political discourse examines how language constructs political realities and can be used to manipulate thoughts. Key aspects include word choice, rhetoric, and phonological features that carry political meanings.
3. Political discourse is shaped by differing ideological frameworks and can be interpreted differently depending on one's political perspective. The representation of information and description of groups can reveal underlying political biases.
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This short story uses flashbacks and foreshadowing to tell a story that begins in the middle, after the main events have already occurred. It employs flashbacks to fill in details from before and foreshadowing to hint at events still to come. The unconventional structure presents the narrative out of chronological order.
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The stranger part ii
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- 1. "It's a beautiful thing, the destruction of words."
- 2. NEWSPEAK • -words that are deliberately constructed for political and intended to impose a desirable mental attitude upon the person using them." • -the only language in the world whose vocabulary gets smaller every year • - removes words thatdescribe the ideas of freedom, rebellion and so on • - basic idea is to remove all shades of meaning from language which reinforce the total dominance of the State • -to reduce language that was a "yes" of some sort: an obedient word with which everyone answered affirmatively to what was asked of them. • -the whole literature of the past will have been destroyed. Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron—they'll exist only in Newspeak versions, not merely changed into something different, but actually contradictory of what they used to be • -that if something can't be said, then it can't be thought
- 3. • Doublespeak- constructed to disguise or distort its actual meaning • a. takes the form of bald euphemisms • - euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener • Bellyfeel means a blind, enthusiastic acceptance of an idea. • Blackwhite (best example of doublethink) is defined as follows: • 1. claiming that black is white • 2. loyal willingness
- 4. • Crimethink (thoughtcrime)-thoughts that are unorthodox, or are outside the official government platform • Duckspeak- meaning literally to quack like a duck or to speak without thinking. • Ownlife- refers to the tendency to enjoy being solitary, which is considered subversive. Unperson- is a person who has been "vaporized"; who has been not only killed by the state, but effectively erased from existence • Facecrime-indication that a person is guilty of thoughtcrime based on their facial expression.
- 5. • joycamp- forced labor camp • Old Speak-our language now • Un-negative • Plus- great becomes plusgood • Double-really bad becomes doubleplusungood •
- 6. Our Newspeak • Inheritance tax → death tax body bag → human remains pouches → transfer tubes system of government → regime freedom fighter or political rebel → insurgent → terrorist suicide bomber → homicide bomber invasion → pre-emptive strike invade → liberate • torture → physical persuasion peace → pre-hostility • bomb → aerial ordinance mercenaries → security contractors killing → servicing the target used → pre-owned or experienced environmentalist → ecoterrorist
- 7. Our Newspeak • Inheritance tax → death tax body bag → human remains pouches → transfer tubes system of government → regime freedom fighter or political rebel → insurgent → terrorist suicide bomber → homicide bomber invasion → pre-emptive strike invade → liberate • torture → physical persuasion peace → pre-hostility • bomb → aerial ordinance mercenaries → security contractors killing → servicing the target used → pre-owned or experienced environmentalist → ecoterrorist