By the waters of babylon
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The document describes a society that has regressed from a previously advanced technological state to a more primitive one, relying on superstition, magic, and tribal clans rather than logic and science. Technology is no longer used and medicine is now considered magic. The people have developed myths explaining the remnants of the old civilization as the work of "gods." The setting has been divided into territories belonging to different clans, with some areas forbidden due to association with the old ruins.
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Cause and-effect-powerpoint
This document discusses cause and effect relationships. It defines cause as why something happened and effect as the result of what happened. Causes always lead to effects, and effects always have causes. The cause answers the question "why?" and occurs first, while the effect answers the questions "what happened?" and "what was the result?". Sometimes the cause and effect relationship is not directly stated and must be inferred from clues. Effects can also lead to further effects in a chain reaction. The plot of the story "A Sound of Thunder" is based on a theoretical cause-effect chain where a time traveler stepping on a butterfly in the past ultimately alters modern civilization.
Newspeak
The document discusses Newspeak, the official language of Oceania in George Orwell's novel 1984. Newspeak aims to restrict freedom of thought by limiting vocabulary related to ideas such as freedom and rebellion. It also introduces concepts like "doublethink" where contradictory beliefs can be held simultaneously. The goal is for Newspeak to eventually replace Oldspeak, eliminating undesirable concepts that do not conform to the totalitarian regime. Euphemistic terms are constructed to disguise the actual meaning of words and concepts. Thinking unapproved thoughts is considered "crimethink" and can result in vaporization.
Science fiction
Science fiction has been told since before writing was invented, with one of the earliest writers being Lucian of Samosata in the 1st century BC. Modern science fiction began to take shape in the 19th century. Science fiction is loosely defined as fiction dealing with the impact of science and technology on the world, sometimes using real technology and sometimes imagined. Common themes include using technology for disaster and expressing feelings about cultural changes from advances. For a story to be considered science fiction it generally needs to include at least three elements such as science, technology, other places, or catastrophes.
Sonnet
The document discusses different types of sonnets - Italian/Petrarchan, Shakespearean, and Spenserian. A sonnet is 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme (abab cdcd efef gg). In Shakespearean sonnets, the volta or turn in the argument occurs before the final couplet which offers a summary or new perspective. Sonnets develop a sequence of ideas or metaphors and each quatrain should be read like a separate paragraph. The document provides two examples of sonnets with their rhyme schemes and lines.
Allusions in FFA
Charlie gained knowledge through experimental brain surgery, analogous to Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit. Like them, Charlie now understands both good and evil, and relations, though this knowledge has made him miserable and unable to return to his innocent former life. The surgery represents the modern snake that tempted Charlie to gain this knowledge through unnatural means.
What is intelligence
The document discusses IQ tests and their history. It notes that the first IQ test was called the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, published in 1916. It used a single IQ score calculated by dividing a test-taker's mental age by their chronological age. The Stanford-Binet remains a popular assessment tool today after many revisions. IQ testing aims to assess human performance and intelligence through comparing individuals.
Why write 1984
George Orwell wrote 1984 in 1949, influenced by several events of the early 20th century. Totalitarian dictators like Stalin who ruled through terror and executed millions contributed to Orwell's dystopian vision of the future. He was concerned about privacy issues like government surveillance, corporations collecting consumer data, and employers monitoring employees. Orwell depicted extreme forms of psychological manipulation and physical control by the ruling party in 1984 to gain absolute power, including constant reminders of being watched, endless propaganda, rewriting history, and torture.
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is a literary device that provides hints or clues about future events in a story. It often appears at the beginning of a story or chapter to help readers develop expectations of what is to come. Any element of a story, such as events, actions, titles, or chapter names can act as foreshadowing by hinting at future plot developments and creating suspense for readers.
Allusions
This document defines an allusion as a reference within a work to something famous outside of it, such as a person, place, event, story, or work of art. It explains that allusions help readers understand new information by connecting it to something they are already familiar with. The document provides several examples of allusions in movies, books, and advertisements to famous works like The Shining, Of Mice and Men, and Greek mythology. It notes that the most commonly alluded to works are the Bible, Shakespeare, and Greek/Roman mythology.
Mood
Mood refers to the overall atmosphere created in a piece of writing through descriptive words. Identifying the mood depends on knowing words that describe how a scene or passage makes the reader feel. Mood is established by settings, characters, and their actions and describes an environment, while tone refers to a person's attitude. Examples of mood include relaxed, cozy, and romantic.
Tone and Mood
This document discusses tone and mood in writing. It defines tone as the attitude of the narrator or speaker towards the subject, which can be inferred from word choices. Mood is defined as how the reader is meant to feel. Tone belongs to the narrator while mood belongs to the reader. The document provides examples of passages with different tones - one dark and dreary, the other bright and happy - to show how tone influences mood. It concludes that tone and mood are related but distinct, with tone describing the narrator's voice and mood describing the reader's feelings.
The stranger part ii
Meursault is on trial for murder. He does not believe in religious concepts like God or an afterlife. The magistrate questions Meursault about his lack of beliefs and gets upset, shouting that everyone must believe in God or their life has no meaning. Meursault is indifferent to social structures like marriage that other people find meaningful. In prison, he is restricted by rules enforcing social hierarchies like favoring married relationships over unmarried ones. At the end, Meursault reflects that life is meaningless but death is inevitable, so one must accept life as it is rather than seeking meaning elsewhere.
Fight Club
The document discusses the themes of meaninglessness and absurdity in the movie Fight Club. It notes that the main character starts an illegal fight club because he is so bored with his meaningless life. Once he believes life has no meaning or purpose, he feels free to do whatever he wants. The document then poses a series of questions about the meaning of life and our existence and asks how the main character of Fight Club would answer them based on his nihilistic worldview. It concludes by asking the reader to compare the main character of Fight Club to the protagonist in The Stranger in terms of their views of life and actions.
The stranger Part 1
The document summarizes key aspects of Albert Camus' novel The Stranger. It discusses Camus' philosophy of the absurd and examines themes like indifference, emotional detachment, and the lack of inherent meaning in the world through analysis of characters like Meursault and Salamano. It also analyzes Meursault's interactions with Marie and his boss to show how his perspective clashes with societal expectations around love, marriage, and ambition.
Symbols
Symbolism is when an author uses objects or references to represent deeper meanings beyond their literal sense. Symbols can enhance themes, ideas, or characters. Common symbolic archetypes include light representing hope and darkness representing mystery or despair. Seasons can also symbolize different parts of life, such as spring representing renewal and winter representing ending. In the Harry Potter series, snakes often symbolize evil, seen in the serpent symbol of the Slytherin House.
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By the waters of babylon
- 1. We were taken to the future and then we regressed back No technology Belief in signs and omens and a crude religion Chants and spells Medicine has now become magic Extremely superstitious, not logical people New type of society has emerged/regressed to clans or tribes Their myths are stories about us We are the “Old Days,” “The Great Burning,” “Dead Place,” “Place of the Gods,” Gods”
- 2. Caste System Hill People Priests Hunters Forest People ( another clan) River People?
- 3. Hunting ground Hunting ground Hunting ground Forbidden because of the Dead Places and the Place of the Gods
- 4. Hero’s Journey and Bildungsroman Bildungsroman- a story about the moral and psychological development and growth of the main character ( a growing up story) Plot revolves around John leaving home, going on a journey, and returning home with his boon
- 5. Setting-New York ASHING: Letters engraved in a stone remnant from a statue of George Washington on Wall Street in New York City. great temple in the mid-city: Grand Central Terminal (railroad terminal often referred to as Grand Central Station). Biltmore: Biltmore Hotel, which adjoins Grand Central Terminal. When John enters this "dead-house" he sees pictures on the walls in one part of the building. These are paintings that the Biltmore Hotel houses in its Grand Central Art Galleries, opened in 1922. Lincoln: Reference Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States, and to the Lincoln Tunnel, which connects Weehawken, New Jersey, with New York City. Moses: Probably a reference to Robert Moses, who oversaw a construction of hundreds public facilities in New York City, including parks, playgrounds, tunnels, and highways. He also supervised completion of the Triborough Bridge (really three bridges), connection Manhattan, the Bronx, and Queens. Ou-dis-sun: Name for the Hudson River. roof . . . painted like the sky at night with its stars: Ceiling of Grand Central Terminal. UBTREAS: Letters engraved in a stone remnant from the The United States Subtreasury building on Wall Street in New York City. A subtreasury is a regional bank that holds federal funds.
- 6. The Apartment-”The magic had gone out of them” Coverings on the floor Pictures on the wall Figurine of a bird Books and writings Washing place Cooking place Machine to cook food Things that looked like lamps Hot and Cold A place to make fire and a box with wood in it The dead god
- 7. Important Quotes “I knew then that they had been men, neither gods nor demons. It is a great knowledge, hard to tell and believe. They were men—they went a dark road, but they were men.” “Truth is a hard deer to hunt. If you eat too much truth at once, you may die of the truth.” “They were men who were here before us. We must build again.”