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World english
- 1. Presented By MAltaf Various Writer on World Englishes
- 2. PRESENTATION TOPIC Thispresentation is about World Englishes Various Writer on World English World Englishes in Future Conclusion
- 3. World Englishes WorldEnglishes is a term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom.
- 4. World English VSWorld Englishes World English refers to the English language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other spheres of global activity, while World Englishes refers to the different varieties of English and English-based creoles developed in different regions of the world.
- 5. More About WorldEnglishes Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish are the six official languages of the United Nations. In the first session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946, English and French were adopted as two working languages for the United Nations.
- 6. Various Writer onWorld English Kachru Quirk 1998 Schneider 2011 Crystal 2007 Mahboob 2009 Selinker 1972, 1992
- 7. Kachru According toKachru (1992a) the global spread of English can be explained in terms of two diasporal transportations. • 1. The first dispersal was within the Inner Circle where a monolingual English-speaking population migrated on a relatively large scale to countries like North America, Australia and New Zealand • 2. The second diasporas of the Outer and Expanding circle was the result of the colonisation of Asia and Africa by the British.
- 8. Model’s of WorldEnglishes Kachru’s Model
- 9. Conti… 1.Inner Circle (ENL)• The Inner Circle Englishes in the model refer to the parentcountries of English or the colonising nations such as Britain that spread the language to different regions of the world, for whom English is the first language in almost all functions. 2. Outer Circle (ESL) • The Outer Circle is inhabited by the colonised territories in which English is a second or nonnative language and used in different functional domains, such as government, education, law and so on. 3.Expanding Circle (EFL) • In the Expanding Circle English is considered as a foreign language and is used • in highly restricted domains such as for international communication
- 10. Quirk 1998 At thesame time Quirk (1988, cited in Kachru, 1990) states that language spreads due to • demographical, econocultural and imperial factors.
- 11. Schneider 2011 Schneider(2011) view globalisation as an important factor in the spread of English.
- 12. Crystal 2007 Accordingto Crystal (2007), when a country becomes independent, there is a natural reaction to refrain from using the linguistic character imposed by its colonial past and to look for native languages to provide a symbol for nationhood. As a result, new ways of talking and writing develop and indigenous words become privileged.
- 13. Mahboob 2009 in acase study of Pakistani English, Mahboob (2009) proves that English spoken in Pakistan reflects their cultural and Islamic values, and it has been modified to achieve linguistic and pragmatic competence in a Muslim country.
- 14. Selinker 1972, 1992 According to (Selinker, 1972, 1992), second language learners’ competence is based on an interlanguage range between their first (L1) and their second (L2) language. If their output is different from Standard English (American or British), it is regarded as an error (interference of L1 mainly) and if they continue producing errors (fixing), this is known as Conventions.
- 15. World Englishes inFuture The future of Worlds Englishes can be considered from three perspectives: Multilingualism. Multiculturalism. and linguistic human rights.
- 16. Conclusion For theworld, an international language is A communication tool for people to notice the championship of human rights. English will remain the dominant . Presence among international languages.