The document discusses a presentation given on World Ozone Day about the ozone layer. It provides background on the ozone layer, noting that it protects life on Earth by absorbing 97-99% of harmful UV radiation from the sun. It then summarizes the five layers of the atmosphere, with an emphasis on the stratosphere where the ozone layer is located. The document outlines some of the main causes of ozone layer depletion including chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances, as well as the harmful effects of depletion on human health, animals, plants, and marine life.
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
This presentation is about Ozone Layer and chemicals known to cause its depletion.
It also covers information about Ozone Hole and Correlation between Ozone depletion and skin diseases due to Ultra Violet light.It also contains no. of ways to limit ozone deterioration.
This slides includes all the topics about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, causes and effects. the significant of ozone layer.
This slide emphasize the purpose of ozone layer in our daily living.
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
This presentation is about Ozone Layer and chemicals known to cause its depletion.
It also covers information about Ozone Hole and Correlation between Ozone depletion and skin diseases due to Ultra Violet light.It also contains no. of ways to limit ozone deterioration.
This slides includes all the topics about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, causes and effects. the significant of ozone layer.
This slide emphasize the purpose of ozone layer in our daily living.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
1. Indira Priyadarshini Govt Degree
College (w) Nampally Hyderabad
WORLD OZONE DAY
PPT PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC:
ATMOSPHERE WITH STRESS ON OZONE LAYER.
SUBJECT:BOTANY
LECTURERS: Rajitha mam & Anitha mam
3. WORLD OZONE DAY
World Ozone Day, also known as the International Day for the
Preservation of the Ozone Layer, is observed annually on September
16 to bring attention to the ozone layer and the dangers of ozone
depletion.
The purpose of the day is to raise awareness about the importance of
preserving the ozone layer.
Similarly, it shifts the focus on developing more effective methods for
the same.
Many studies have shown that the ozone layer’s damage will persist
for another five to ten years after it has already been done.
This has the potential to make things much more difficult for them in
the days ahead.
4. History of World Ozone Day
In 1994, the UN General Assembly declared
September 16 to be the annual International Day
to Preserve the Ozone Layer.
The governments of 46 countries across the globe
signed the “Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer” in 1987, and this was
done to celebrate that event.
The “Montreal Protocol” was another name for it.
5. Theme of World Ozone Day 2022
‘Global Cooperation to Protect Life on Earth’ .
It has been chosen as this year’s theme in order to
encourage sustainable development.
Montreal Protocol@35: worldwide collaboration
safeguarding life on earth is the topic for this year’s
World Ozone Day.
The theme not only supports long-term growth but
also acknowledges the wider effects of the Montreal
Accord.
6. Significance
Because the ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s UV radiation,
this day is significant because it reduces the amount of radiation
that reaches people.
The ozone layer is crucial because radiation is a known cause of
cancer, cataracts, and other health problems.
Reports, however, imply that the ozone layer thickness in the
northern hemisphere has decreased by 4% every year.
Man-made chlorofluorocarbons are among the most major ozone
layer killers.
8. What is atmosphere?
Atmosphere is a layer of gas or layers of gases that
envelope a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of
the planetary body.
Atmosphere is layer of mixture of gases that surround the
earth or a planet. It is colourless, odourless, and tasteless
mixture of gases that extends up to a height of about 1600
km. Though 99% of total mass of the atmosphere is within
40 km from the earth. Atmosphere makes the earth
habitable, without it life is impossible on the earth.
9. STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE
Depending on vertical temperature, atmosphere is grouped into
five major layers as described below:
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere
Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21%
oxygen, and one percent other gases which are found in these
above mentioned five layers.
10.
11. The five layers of the atmosphere
1. Troposphere: It is the lower layer lies above the earth up to the height of 8-
18 km. It contains 85% of the total mass of atmosphere and is the densest
part. All weather characteristics like rain, cloud, fog, dew, mist etc. Occur in
this layer. The temperature decreases with increase in altitude in this layer.
2. Stratosphere: It is just above the troposphere and lies beyond the height of
8-18 km extending up to 50 km depending on latitude. The ozone layer found
in this strata, absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet rays (very harmful to us)
which heat up the stratosphere. The stratosphere is a very stable layer, and
not much weather occurs in it. For this reason, most planes fly in the lower
part of the stratosphere. It contains only 15% of the atmosphere mass and all
photo chemical reactions occur here in this layer. Temperature increases with
increase in altitude up to 50 km. This is the warmest layer.
12. 3.Mesosphere: This layer is lies above stratosphere and characterized by strong
decrease in temperature with increase in altitude up to 80 km, then warms up again
in next layer i.e. Thermosphere.
4.Thermosphere: It is uppermost layer lies above mesosphere and characterized by
steadily increase in temperature with altitude. Ionosphere is just lower strata of
thermosphere and due to this layer long distance radio communication is possible.
5.The Exosphere:The region above about 500 km is called the exosphere. It contains
mainly oxygen and hydrogen atoms, but there are so few of them that they rarely
collide – they follow “ballistic” trajectories under the influence of gravity, and some
of them escape right out into space.
15. What is an Ozone Layer?
The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the earth’s
atmosphere. It has the potential to absorb around 97-99% of the harmful
ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun that can damage life on earth. If
the ozone layer was absent, millions of people would develop skin diseases
and may have weakened immune systems.
However, scientists have discovered a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica.
This has focussed their concern on various environmental issues and steps to
control them. The main reasons for the ozone hole are chlorofluorocarbons,
carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
Let us have a detailed look at the various causes and effects of ozone layer
depletion.
16. What is Ozone Layer Depletion?
Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere.
This happens when the chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere come in contact with
ozone and destroy the ozone molecules. One chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of
ozone. It is destroyed more quickly than it is created.
Some compounds release chlorine and bromine on exposure to high ultraviolet light, which
then contributes to ozone layer depletion. Such compounds are known as Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS).
The ozone-depleting substances that contain chlorine include chlorofluorocarbon, carbon
tetrachloride, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and methyl chloroform. Whereas, the ozone-
depleting substances that contain bromine are halons, methyl bromide, and hydro
bromofluorocarbons.
Chlorofluorocarbons are the most abundant ozone-depleting substance. It is only when the
chlorine atom reacts with some other molecule, it does not react with ozone.
Montreal Protocol was proposed in 1987 to stop the use, production and import of ozone-
depleting substances and minimise their concentration in the atmosphere to protect the
ozone layer of the earth.
17.
18.
19.
20. Causes of Ozone Layer Depletion
Ozone layer depletion is a major concern and is associated with a number of
factors. The main causes responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer are
listed below:
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer depletion. These
are released by solvents, spray aerosols, refrigerators, air-conditioners, etc.
The molecules of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are broken down by
ultraviolet radiations and release chlorine atoms. These atoms react with ozone
and destroy it.
Unregulated Rocket Launches
Researches say that the unregulated launching of rockets results in much more
depletion of the ozone layer than the CFCs do. If not controlled, this might result
in a huge loss of the ozone layer by the year 2050.
Nitrogenous Compounds
The nitrogenous compounds such as NO2, NO, N2O are highly responsible for the
depletion of the ozone layer.
21. Natural Causes
The ozone layer has been found to be
depleted by certain natural processes
such as Sun-spots and stratospheric
winds. But it does not cause more than 1-
2% of the ozone layer depletion.
The volcanic eruptions are also
responsible for the depletion of the
ozone layer.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
“Ozone-depleting substances are the
substances such as chlorofluorocarbons,
halons, carbon tetrachloride,
hydrofluorocarbons, etc. That are
responsible for the depletion of the
ozone layer.”
22. Effects of ozone layer depletion:
The depletion of the ozone layer has harmful effects on the
environment. Let us see the major effects of ozone layer depletion
on man and environment.
Effects on Human Health
Humans will be directly exposed to the harmful ultraviolet radiation
of the sun due to the depletion of the ozone layer. This might result
in serious health issues among humans, such as skin diseases, cancer,
sunburns, cataract, quick ageing and weak immune system.
Effects on Animals
Direct exposure to ultraviolet radiations leads to skin and eye cancer
in animals.
Effects on the Environment
Strong ultraviolet rays may lead to minimal growth, flowering and
photosynthesis in plants. The forests also have to bear the harmful
effects of the ultraviolet rays.
Effects on Marine Life
Planktons are greatly affected by the exposure to harmful ultraviolet
rays. These are higher in the aquatic food chain. If the planktons are
destroyed, the organisms present in the food chain are also affected.
23.
24. Solutions to Ozone Layer Depletion
The depletion of the ozone layer is a serious issue and various programmes have been launched by
the government of various countries to prevent it. However, steps should be taken at the individual
level as well to prevent the depletion of the ozone layer.
Following are some points that would help in preventing this problem at a global level:
Avoid Using ODS
Reduce the use of ozone depleting substances. E.g. Avoid the use of CFCs in refrigerators and air
conditioners, replacing the halon based fire extinguishers, etc.
Minimise the Use of Vehicles
The vehicles emit a large amount of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming as well as ozone
depletion. Therefore, the use of vehicles should be minimised as much as possible.
Use Eco-friendly Cleaning Products
Most of the cleaning products have chlorine and bromine releasing chemicals that find a way into
the atmosphere and affect the ozone layer. These should be substituted with natural products to
protect the environment.
Use of Nitrous Oxide should be Prohibited
The government should take actions and prohibit the use of harmful nitrous oxide that is adversely
affecting the ozone layer. People should be made aware of the harmful effects of nitrous oxide and
the products emitting the gas so that its use is minimised at the individual level as well.
25.
26. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms and it is present in a
gaseous form in the atmosphere, specifically located in and extended
throughout the stratosphere.
Did you know that the ozone layer is essential for life to exist?
Its molecules act as a shield protecting us from solar radiation. When the
radiation reaches the ozone layer, it passes through the ozone molecules and
these are responsible for returning part of radiation back to space, in this way
the radiation that reaches us is minimized.
What is the hole in the ozone layer?
It is a hole that allows the entry of large amounts of ultraviolent light and it is
located at the poles, on the Antarctic continent and the Arctic Ocean, being
especially large during the spring of both hemispheres and resulting in longer
summer seasons.
27. Why is the hole in the ozone layer harmful?
Although this hole is due to the natural fluctuations of ozone in the atmosphere, it also caused
by human activities which emit gases that end up in the stratosphere and degrade the ozone
molecules, increasing the size and effect of this hole in the ozone layer. This is an
environmental and health problem, since the excess of solar radiation is a threat to any form
of life.
How can we protect the ozone layer?
Avoid the consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer, due to their content or
manufacturing process. Some of the most dangerous gases are CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons),
halogenated hydrocarbon, methyl bromide and nitrous oxide.
Minimize the use of cars. The best transport option is urban, bicycle, or walking. If you use a
car to a destination, try to carpool with others to decrease the use of cars in order to pollute
less and save.
Do not use cleaning products that are harmful to the environment and to us. Many cleaning
products contain solvents and substances corrosive, but you can replace these dangerous
substances with non-toxic products such as vinegar or bicarbonate.
Buy local products. In this way, you not only get fresh products but you avoid consuming food
that has traveled long distances. As the more distance traveled, the more nitrous oxide is
produced due to the medium used to transport that product.
Maintain air conditioners, as their malfunctions cause CFC to escape into the atmosphere.
28.
29. Thank you
Made by: T. Ramyasri
V. Yamuna
L. Meenakshi
M. Ramyasri
Bse life science students 2nd year 2022-23
Botany subject.