This presentation is about Ozone Layer and chemicals known to cause its depletion.
It also covers information about Ozone Hole and Correlation between Ozone depletion and skin diseases due to Ultra Violet light.It also contains no. of ways to limit ozone deterioration.
This presentation is about Ozone Layer and chemicals known to cause its depletion.
It also covers information about Ozone Hole and Correlation between Ozone depletion and skin diseases due to Ultra Violet light.It also contains no. of ways to limit ozone deterioration.
Atmospheric ozone protects the Earth and its inhabitants from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. Without this protective layer, more ultraviolet radiation would reach the surface of the Earth and cause damage to plant, animal and human life. This module explains the importance of ozone, the causes of its depletion and the effects expected on earth's systems.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
Performance and emission characteristics of al2 o3 coated lhr engine operated...eSAT Journals
Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable and environmental friendly alternative fuel which can be used as a substitute for diesel in compression engine. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats. But the application of biodiesel in diesel engine will decrease the engine’s efficiency and increase the specific fuel consumption. Application of ceramic coatings in engine will help to solve these problems. This paper presents the experimental results of mahua oil biodiesel blend in an Al2O3 ceramic coated compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions of both diesel and mahua oil biodiesel blend were measured before and after coating and the results are described in this paper. Keywords: Mahua oil, biodiesel, ceramic coating, low heat rejection.
Atmospheric ozone protects the Earth and its inhabitants from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. Without this protective layer, more ultraviolet radiation would reach the surface of the Earth and cause damage to plant, animal and human life. This module explains the importance of ozone, the causes of its depletion and the effects expected on earth's systems.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
Performance and emission characteristics of al2 o3 coated lhr engine operated...eSAT Journals
Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable and environmental friendly alternative fuel which can be used as a substitute for diesel in compression engine. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats. But the application of biodiesel in diesel engine will decrease the engine’s efficiency and increase the specific fuel consumption. Application of ceramic coatings in engine will help to solve these problems. This paper presents the experimental results of mahua oil biodiesel blend in an Al2O3 ceramic coated compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions of both diesel and mahua oil biodiesel blend were measured before and after coating and the results are described in this paper. Keywords: Mahua oil, biodiesel, ceramic coating, low heat rejection.
Ozone layer
Ozone hole
Characteristics of Ozone layer
Cause of O3 depletion:
Form of UV coming from sun:
Effects of UV rays
Ozone hole improvement
Importance of CFCs at the beginning
Alternative sources of CFCs
How does the Global worming take place??
Greenhouse gases
Impacts of Global Warming
This is a short presentation on the introduction to HOLOGRAPHY.
Holography is a technique that enables to make a new form of photograph called HOLOGRAMS which are 3D in view.
This is my PPT presented during my M.Sc Environmental Science Course at Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
hi everyone it is the most usefull of our some solution of routine life like what is responsibility of our envoronment and atmosphere...so see the ppt and know the problem,solution and many more future of deplating our ozone layer.......
Role of ozone in environment –
Ozone layer –
Ozone depleting gases –
Green House Effect –
Radioactive effects of Greenhouse gases –
The Hydrological cycle –
Green House Gases and Global Warming –
Carbon Cycle.
Ozone is a naturally occurring molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. It has the chemical formula O3.
The word ‘ozone’ is derived from the Greek word óζειν which means “to smell”. Its strong smell allows scientists to detect it in low amounts.
Ozone is found in different levels of the earth’s atmosphere.
About 90% of ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated between 15 and 30 kilometres above the earth's surface (stratospheric ozone).
At this level it provides a protective shield from the sun, we think of this as good ozone.
It is also found at ground level in lower concentrations (tropospheric ozone).
Here ozone is a pollutant that is a key part of smog over cities and we think of it as bad ozone.
Atmospheric data demonstrates that ozone depleting substances are destroying ozone in the stratosphere and thinning the earth’s ozone layer.
Ozone depleting substances are chemicals that include -
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine.
halons, group of organohalogen compounds containing bromine and fluorine and one or two carbons.
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4),
methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3),
Hydro-bromo-fluoro-carbons (HBFCs),
Hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbons (HCFCs),
methyl bromide (CH3Br) and
bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl).
They deplete the ozone layer by releasing chlorine and bromine atoms into the stratosphere, which destroy ozone molecules.
These and other ozone depleting substances also contribute, to varying extents, to global warming
Ozone is the one and only layer to protect our earth from harmful UV radiation. There are a lot of initiatives taken by many countries to save the ozone layer. Ozone depletion is nowadays one of the hot topics in conferences and seminars. In this presentation, I have briefed on the cause and side effects of ozone depletion. The students from school to master's may take advantage of this presentation
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. The envelope of air or different types of gases surrounding the earth is known as atmosphere .
There are five distinct layers of atmosphere , they are as follows:-
1) TROPOSPHERE:-
This is the lowest atmospheric layer and is about 7miles(11km)thick ,the
troposphere is thinner at the poles and thicker at the equator . The
temperature decreases with altitude.
2) STRATOSPHERE:-
Above the troposphere is the stratosphere which extends to about 30-35 miles
about the Earth’s surface. The temperature rises within the stratosphere but
still remains well below freezing.
3) MESOSPHERE:-
The Mesosphere is above the stratosphere , here the temperature is very
rarefield , that is , thin , and the temperature is decreasing with altitude ,
about -130 Fahrenheit at the top.
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3. 4) THERMOSPHERE:-
The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the earth’s surface. The
temperature is quite hot and can rise to as high as 3,600 degree Fahreneit.
5) EXOSPHERE:-
Extending from the top of the thermosphere to 6200 miles (10000 km) above the
earth is the exosphere . This layer has very low atmospheric molecules which can
escape into space.
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5. OZONE
LAYER The ozone layer or ozone shield refers to
a region of Earth's stratosphere that
absorbs most of
the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The ozone layer was discovered in 1913
by the French physicists Charles Fabry
and Henri Buisson.
It contains high concentrations
of ozone (O3) relative to other parts of the
atmosphere, although still very small
relative to other gases in the stratosphere.
The ozone layer contains less than 10
parts per million of ozone, while the
average ozone concentration in Earth's
atmosphere as a whole is only about 0.3
parts per million.
The ozone layer is mainly found in the
lower portion of the stratosphere, from
approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to
19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness
varies seasonally and geographically.
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6. 39
The majority of tropospheric
ozone formation occurs when
nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon
monoxide (CO) and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), react
in the atmosphere in the presence
of sunlight. NOx, CO, and VOCs
are called ozone precursors.
In the stratosphere, ozone is
produced by a two-step chemical
process.
7. *"ULTRA VIOLET" means "beyond violet". Violet being the colour of
the highest frequencies of visible light. Uv radiation was discovered
in 1801 when the German physicist " JOHANN WILHELM RITTER "
observed that invisible rays just beyond the violet end of the visible
spectrum darkened silver chloride.
*Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electro magnetic radiation with a wavelength from
400nm to 100nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays. Uv
radiation is present in sunlight,and is produced by electric arcs. ultraviolet
radiations can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or
flouresce consequently. Suntan, freckling and sunburn are familiar effects of
over exposure along with higher risk of skin cancerabout 10% of sunlight is
UV and only about one- third of this penetrates the atmosphere to
reach the ground.Of this the solar UV energy that reaches the equator,
95% is UVA and 5% is UVB. No measurable UVC from solar radiation
reaches the earths surface, because ozone, molecular oxygen and
water
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8. Destruction of the upper atmospheric layer of ozone gas, caused by substances
formed from breakdown of ozone depleting substances is called ozone depletion.
Ozone is a triatomic form of oxygen (O3), found in the Earth's atmosphere. A
combination of low temperatures, elevated chlorine and bromine concentrations in the
upper stratosphere are responsible for the destruction of ozone. The production and
emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), is the leading cause of ozone layer depletion.
CFC's accounts for almost 80% of the total depletion of ozone.
Other ozone-depleting substances (ODS), include hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are often found in vehicle emissions,
byproducts of industrial processes, refrigerants, and aerosols. ODS are relatively
stable in the lower atmosphere of the Earth, but in the stratosphere, they are exposed
to ultraviolet radiation and thus, they break down to release a free chlorine atom.
This free chlorine atom reacts with an ozone molecule (O3), and forms chlorine
monoxide (ClO), and a molecule of oxygen. Now, ClO reacts with an ozone molecule to
form a chlorine atom, and two molecules of oxygen. The free chlorine molecule again
reacts with ozone to form chlorine monoxide. The process continues, and this results
in the depletion of the ozone layer.
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9. Ozonaction Programme
UNEP OzonAction assists developing
countries countries with economies in
transition to achieve and sustain their
compliance with the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and
make informed decisions on alternative
technologies and ozone friendly policies.
UNEP OzonAction has implemented over
1000 projects and services that have benefitted
to more than 100 developing countries. The
main objective is to the Montreal Protocol
whose annual per capita consumption and
production of ozone depleting substance is
less than 0.3 kg to comply with the control
measures of the protocol.
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• OzonAction is a branch of the United Nations Programme (UNEP) which has its
main office in Paris and is part of UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and
Economics created in 1991.
10. The ozone-oxygen cycle is the process by which ozone is continually
regenerated in the Earth's stratosphere, all the while converting
ultraviolet radiation (UV) into heat. In 1930 Sydney Chapman
resolved the chemistry involved. The process is
commonlycalled the Chapman cycle by
atmospheric scientists.
Most of the ozone production occurs in the tropical upper
stratosphere and mesosphere. The total mass of ozone produced per
day over the globe is about 400 million metric tons. The global mass
of ozone is relatively constant at about 3 billion metric tons,
meaning the Sun produces about 12% of the ozone layer each day
OZONE CYCLE
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12. 5 Ways to Protect Depletion of OZONE
Limit private vehicle driving: by reducing the driving of vehicular emission
Use eco-friendly houseold cleaning products: by using eco-friendly and
natural products which does not harm the environment.
Avoid using pesticides: the best solution for this would be to try using
natural remidies,rather than heading out for pesticides.
Developing stringent regulations for rocket launches: now –a-days no. of
rocket launches are pretty hgh which results in ozone depletion.Thus no. of
launches should be reduced or safe gases should be used for combustion.
Banning the use of dangerous ‘nitrous oxide: nations around the globe
came together and formed ‘Montreal Protocol’ in the year 1989 with the
strong aim of stop usage of CFCs.
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