This document defines common data measurement units like bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and provides definitions and examples of different types of computer networks. It discusses wired and wireless networks, simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex data transmission, categories of networks including mesh, star, bus, ring and tree topologies, and how devices connect in each type of topology.

1. Data Measuring Unit:-
0 or 1 1 Bit
4 Bits 1 Nibble
8 Bits 1 Byte
1024 Bytes 1 kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes 1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes 1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes 1 Exabyte
1024 Exabyte 1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabyte 1 Yottabyte

2. Q. What is Computer Networking?
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as
nodes) connected by communication links. A node
can be a computer, printer, or any other device
capable of sending and/or receiving data generated
by other nodes on the network.
“Computer network’’ to mean a collection of
autonomous computers interconnected by a single
technology. Two computers are said to be
interconnected if they are able to exchange
information.

3. Types of networking:-
There are two primary types of computer networking:
Wired Wire less

4. DATA FLOW:-
Communication between two devices can be Simplex,
half Duplex or Full Duplex
Simplex Duplex:-
Direction of Data
Main Frame Monitor

5. Half Duplex:-
Station Station
Direction of data at time 1
Direction of data at time 2

6. Station Station
Direction of data at all the time
Full
Duplex:-

7. Categories of Network:-

8. TOPOLOGY
Mesh Star BUS Ring Tree

9. A mesh topology is the one where every node is connected to
every other node in the network.

10. STAR TOPOLOGY
every node connects to a central network device, like a
hub, switch, or computer. The central network device acts
as a server and the peripheral devices act as clients.
Depending on the type of network card used

11. Bus topology is a network setup in which each computer
and network device are connected to a single cable or
backbone.

12. Ring Topology
All devices are connected to one another in the
shape of a closed loop

13. Tree Topology :-