Nervous tissue controls the activity of all body tissues and is composed of neurons and neuroglia. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes ganglia and peripheral nerves. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals, while glial cells provide support and insulation. The key cell types involved include neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

1. Nervous tissue
Dr Nadia Younus

2. Nervous tissue
• Nervous tissue is one of the basic body tissues
• controls the activity of all the body tissues.
• Functional part comprises of highly specialized
cells called NUERONS
• supporting part made up of specialized
connective tissue called NEUROGLIA.

3. CNS PNS

4. Anatomical
Central
nervous
system
Brain Spinal cord
Peripheral
nervous
system
Ganglia
Peripheral
nerves

5. Functional
Somatic nervous
system
(voluntary)
Autonomic
nervous system
(involuntary)
Sympathetic
(thoraco
lumbar)
Parasympathetic
(cranio caudal)

6. Centran nervous
tissue
Cells
Neurons
Neuroglia
(connective
tissue)
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells

7. cell body
dendrite
Synapse
axon
Myelin
sheath

9. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF NEURON
• large number of mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• RER rough endoplasmic reticulum (which is called as Nissl
substance)
• free ribosomes and small quantity of smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
• Axon hillock is devoid of Nissl substance.
• Numerous intermediate filaments (known as
neurofilaments) are present which are responsible for
providing structural stability to neuron.
• Microtubules are also present in large numbers which are
responsible for Transport with in the neuron.

13. Neurons
Pseudounipolar
(spinal root
ganglion cells)
Bipolar
(special sences
receptor neurons)
Multipolar
(motor neurons)

18. They are highly branched, star shaped cells
and are most numerous in CNS.

19. Astrocytes
• Fibrous Astrocytes:
– They are present in white matter.
– They contain numerous bundles of intracellular filaments and microtubules
and few, short and straight cytoplasmic processes.
• Protoplasmic Astrocytes:
– They are present in grey matter.
– They also contain bundles of microtubules and intracellular filaments but they
have numerous short, highly branched cytoplasmic processes.
• Terminal expansions are end processes at non-synaptic regions of
neurons.
• Perivascular feet are processes terminating upon basement membranes of
capillaries.
• Glia limitans is an impermeable membrane between CNS and pia matter.
• Their function is to provide mechanical support to neurons, provide a
medium for exchange of metabolites & also have a role in repair after
injury or disease.

20.  large cells with central nucleus
 containing disperse chromatin material and
prominent nucleoli.
 The cytoplasm contains numerous
ribosomes, microtubules, Golgi apparatus
reflecting their high activity.

21. • They are Small irregular cells with highly branched cytoplasmic
processes and a central flat nucleus.
• They are mesenchymal in origin.

22. • It is specialized epithelia which has no
basement membrane.
• It could be simple cuboidal or simple
columnar in shape containing cilia.
• It Lines the ventricles and spinal canal.
• It has junctional complex at luminal surface.

23. Peripheral
nervous tissue
Cells
Neurons
Ganglia
Connective
tissue
Schwan cells
Satellite cells fine collegenous

24. PERIPHERAL NERVES
• Peripheral nerves are anatomical structures
comprises of nerve fiber (axon).
• It may be a combination of afferent and
efferent fibers (mixed nerve),
• may be purely afferent (sensory nerve), or
• may be purely efferent (motor nerve).

29. PERIPHERAL NERVES
• Each nerve fiber is covered first by its Schwan cell
cytoplasm covering (myelinated or non-myelinated) then by
fine connective tissue layer known as Endoneurium.
• Many fibers grouped together to form nerve
bundles(fascicles), each of which is again supported by
loose connective tissue layer called Perineurium.
• Many fascicles combined to form a nerve supported by a
layer of connective tissue known as Epineurium.
• These connective tissue layers are responsible for providing
support, nourishment and metabolic medium to nerves
• Blood vessels supplying the nerves are known as Vasa
Nervosum.