ovulation.pptx
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The ovarian cycle begins with several follicles growing under the influence of FSH. One follicle matures and its surrounding cells produce estrogen. At mid-cycle, an LH surge causes ovulation of the oocyte from the mature follicle. After ovulation, the remaining cells of the follicle become vascularized and form the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterus for potential implantation if fertilization occurs. If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins.
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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- 4. GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) hypothalamus Gonadotropin FSH LH Stimulate and control cyclic changes in the ovary Pituitary gland ovary
- 7. • At the beginning of each ovarian cycle, 15-20 preantral follicles are stimulated to grow under the influence of FSH • One follicle reaches full maturity • Only one oocyte is discharged • Others degenerate and become atretic • Corpus atreticum
- 8. • FSH also stimulates maturation of follicular (granulosa) cells surrounding the oocyte
- 10. • Granulosa and theca cells produce estrogens that 1. Cause the uterine endometrium to enter the follicular or proliferative phase 2. Cause thinning of the cervical mucus to allow passage sperm 3. Stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete LH
- 12. • At mid-cycle, there is a LH surge that 1. Causes oocyte to complete meiosis I and initiate meiosis II 2. Luteinization 3. Causes follicular rupture and ovulation
- 13. • Secondary follicle grows rapidly to diameter of 25mm • Completion of meiosis I with initiation of meiosis II but oocyte is arrested in metaphase approximately 3 hours before ovulation
- 14. • Surface of ovary begins to bulge stigma (avascular) muscular contractions in the ovarian wall extrude the oocyte • This break free and floats out of the ovary • Corona
- 17. Corpus luteum • After ovulation, granulosa cells remaining + cells from theca interna are vascularized • Under the influence of LH lutean cells (yellowish) corpus luteum which secretes the hormone progesterone
- 18. • Progesterone + estrogenic hormones causes uterine mucosa to enter the progestational or secretory state (preparation for implantation)
- 19. Oocyte • Tube contract rhythmically • Sweeping movements of the fimbriae • In humans, the fertilized oocyte reaches the uterine lumen in approximately 3 to 4 days
- 20. Corpus albicans • Degeneration of lutean cells and form a mass of fibrotic scar tissue, the corpus albicans • Progesterone production decreases precipitating menstrual bleeding
- 21. Corpus luteum graviditatis • Continues to secrete progesterone until the end of the 4th month • Removal of corpus luteum of pregnancy before 4th month usually leads to abortion