The document summarizes the basic concepts of the human nervous system. It describes that the nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS contains nerves that connect to the CNS and spread throughout the body. Both systems are composed of neurons, which are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals and allow communication within the nervous system and between it and other body systems.
Nervous system PPT for grade 10 (basic concepts regarding human nervous system)AzkaSamreen
Ā
Human nervous system is highly complex, while reading in higher classes, we often mix up concepts. In this SlideShare I've tried to simplify the material for grade 10 students to better understand the concept.
Peripheral Nervous System, Audumbar MaliAudumbar Mali
Ā
Peripheral Nervous System,
Types of PNS,
Spinal nerves,
Types of neuron (3 basic types),
Plexus,
Cranial nerves,
Autonomic nervous system,
Structure of Neuron,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Syllabus As per PCI,
B. Pharm-I
Nervous system PPT for grade 10 (basic concepts regarding human nervous system)AzkaSamreen
Ā
Human nervous system is highly complex, while reading in higher classes, we often mix up concepts. In this SlideShare I've tried to simplify the material for grade 10 students to better understand the concept.
Peripheral Nervous System, Audumbar MaliAudumbar Mali
Ā
Peripheral Nervous System,
Types of PNS,
Spinal nerves,
Types of neuron (3 basic types),
Plexus,
Cranial nerves,
Autonomic nervous system,
Structure of Neuron,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Syllabus As per PCI,
B. Pharm-I
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
Ā
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS.
A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous
system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the
body.
They constitute the communication network of the nervous system and transfer electrical impulses between the central nervous system and sensory organs such as eye,ear.nose,tongue and skin.
There are Approximately 86-100 billion neurons in the brain.
DENDRITES
Dendrites are the tree-like branched structures that arise from the nerve cell body.
Apart from the main dendrite branches, dendrites may contain additional protrusions
known as dendrite spines.
The axon hillock is a specialized region from which the
axon extends.
The axon is a single elongated tubal structure that extends from the Axon Hillock.
Each neuron has a single axon that extends and branches at its end.
The inner most Plasma membrane around the axon is Axolemma.
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of schwann cells .
The spaces/gaps between the Schwann cells are known as the nodes of Ranvier and they serve to propagate electrical signals along the axon.
The branched end of the axon is known as the axon terminal[arborization] and
branches at the middle of the axon is axon collaterals .
This is the distal part of the axon that comes in contact with other cells. Also called as terminal boutons.
This part of the axon is largely involved in the release of the neurotransmitter.The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus ,cytoplasm and organelles.
The cell body connects to the dendrites, and send information to the
axon depending on the strength of the signal.
The neuronal cytoplasm have the following
The Nucleus,
Nucleolus,
Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondria,
Ribosomes,
Lysosomes,
Endosomes,
And Peroxisomes. A bipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite).
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons.
TYPES OF NEURON:
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the PNS and the other to the CNS.They are three types of neurons based on the function as follows Sensory Neuron
Inter-Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the (CNS).
Glial cells (named from the Greek word for "glue") are non- neuronal cells that
provide support and nutrition,
maintain homeostasis,
form myelin,
and participate in signal transmission.
The detail description about peripheral nervous system, neuron, its covering, types of neuron, synapses, spinal nerves, plexus, and more about cranial nerves at last not the least about somatic and autonomic nervous system. you may also find the information about types of peripheral nervous system in detail.
1.Organization of the Nervous System.pptxSana67616
Ā
CNS physiology general description and introduction
Brain and spinal cord
Brain is covered by meninges, CSF is fluid present in subarachnoid space
It has a protective function
Peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
There are 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Spinal cord is present in the vertebral canal of vertebral column, surrounded by the meninges and there is CSF present in subarachnoid space.
- It is almost cylindrical but in cervical and lower thoracic and lumbar regions it contains fusiform shaped enlargements called cervical enlargements and lumbar enlargements.
In the cervical segments there is more gray matter and also there is more gray matter in the lower thoracic and lumbar region. Cervical segments supply the upper limb i.e. it supplies more muscles, so more gray matter is present. Similarly the lumbar region supplies the lower limb so more gray matter is present in this region.
Just below the lumbar enlargements, spinal cord abruptly tapers, this tapering part is called conus medularis, and it gives attachment to a fibrous thread called filum terminale, which is attached to the back of coccvx.
In the spinal cord on the anterior surface there is anterior median fissure and on the posterior surface is posterior median sulcus. Fissure is much deeper than the sulcus.
Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and each spinal nerve has two roots.
1. Ventral (anterior root); which is motor and it contains both somatic and autonomic fibers.
2. Dorsal (Posterior root); is sensory and in the dorsal root there is dorsal root ganglia. It contains sensory neurons which give rise to cell fibers.
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
Ā
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS.
A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous
system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the
body.
They constitute the communication network of the nervous system and transfer electrical impulses between the central nervous system and sensory organs such as eye,ear.nose,tongue and skin.
There are Approximately 86-100 billion neurons in the brain.
DENDRITES
Dendrites are the tree-like branched structures that arise from the nerve cell body.
Apart from the main dendrite branches, dendrites may contain additional protrusions
known as dendrite spines.
The axon hillock is a specialized region from which the
axon extends.
The axon is a single elongated tubal structure that extends from the Axon Hillock.
Each neuron has a single axon that extends and branches at its end.
The inner most Plasma membrane around the axon is Axolemma.
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of schwann cells .
The spaces/gaps between the Schwann cells are known as the nodes of Ranvier and they serve to propagate electrical signals along the axon.
The branched end of the axon is known as the axon terminal[arborization] and
branches at the middle of the axon is axon collaterals .
This is the distal part of the axon that comes in contact with other cells. Also called as terminal boutons.
This part of the axon is largely involved in the release of the neurotransmitter.The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus ,cytoplasm and organelles.
The cell body connects to the dendrites, and send information to the
axon depending on the strength of the signal.
The neuronal cytoplasm have the following
The Nucleus,
Nucleolus,
Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondria,
Ribosomes,
Lysosomes,
Endosomes,
And Peroxisomes. A bipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite).
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons.
TYPES OF NEURON:
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the PNS and the other to the CNS.They are three types of neurons based on the function as follows Sensory Neuron
Inter-Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the (CNS).
Glial cells (named from the Greek word for "glue") are non- neuronal cells that
provide support and nutrition,
maintain homeostasis,
form myelin,
and participate in signal transmission.
The detail description about peripheral nervous system, neuron, its covering, types of neuron, synapses, spinal nerves, plexus, and more about cranial nerves at last not the least about somatic and autonomic nervous system. you may also find the information about types of peripheral nervous system in detail.
1.Organization of the Nervous System.pptxSana67616
Ā
CNS physiology general description and introduction
Brain and spinal cord
Brain is covered by meninges, CSF is fluid present in subarachnoid space
It has a protective function
Peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
There are 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Spinal cord is present in the vertebral canal of vertebral column, surrounded by the meninges and there is CSF present in subarachnoid space.
- It is almost cylindrical but in cervical and lower thoracic and lumbar regions it contains fusiform shaped enlargements called cervical enlargements and lumbar enlargements.
In the cervical segments there is more gray matter and also there is more gray matter in the lower thoracic and lumbar region. Cervical segments supply the upper limb i.e. it supplies more muscles, so more gray matter is present. Similarly the lumbar region supplies the lower limb so more gray matter is present in this region.
Just below the lumbar enlargements, spinal cord abruptly tapers, this tapering part is called conus medularis, and it gives attachment to a fibrous thread called filum terminale, which is attached to the back of coccvx.
In the spinal cord on the anterior surface there is anterior median fissure and on the posterior surface is posterior median sulcus. Fissure is much deeper than the sulcus.
Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and each spinal nerve has two roots.
1. Ventral (anterior root); which is motor and it contains both somatic and autonomic fibers.
2. Dorsal (Posterior root); is sensory and in the dorsal root there is dorsal root ganglia. It contains sensory neurons which give rise to cell fibers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as ādistorted thinkingā.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Ā
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar āDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?ā on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus āManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionā https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective āStudents, digital devices and successā can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
Ā
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Ā
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
Ā
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
Ā
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarās dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireās birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireās society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Ā
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. The nervous system in man and in other higher animals is
composed of 2 major components :
1. Central nervous system (CNS)
2. Peripheral nervous system ( PNS)
ļ± Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord.
ļ± Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that arise
from brain and spinal cord (CNS) and spread in differents
parts of body.
ļ¶ CNS = brain + spinal cord
ļ¶ PNS = nerves
ļ± All these components are made of neurons, it means
CNS (brain & spinal cord) and PNS ( nerves) ,all are made
of neurons.
4. Neuron or nerve cell
ā¢ it is the unit of nervous system.
ā¢ the human nervous system consists of billions of neurons plus
supporting cells called neuroglial cells.
ā¢ Human nervous system = neurons + neuroglial cells.
ā¢ Neurons are cells ,just like other cells of the body , but they are
specialized cells because they transmit information from one part of
the body to the other in the form of electrical impulses. In this way
they communicate with each other and with other types of body cells.
this means that neuron communicates with other neurons in nervous
system and neuron also communicates with other cells of body such
as heart cells , muscle cells e.t.c
This communication occurs through junctions called synapses, we
will discuss it later.
5. Neurons have 3 distinct parts;
1. Cell body (soma)
2. Axon
3. Dendrites
ā¢ cell body : nucleus and most of the cytoplasm of the neuron is
located in its cell body.
ā¢ Dendrites and axons are actually the cytoplasmic projections from
the cell body.
ā¢ Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body.
ā¢ Dendrites conduct impulses toward cell body.
6.
7. ā¢ Schwann cells ; special neuroglial cells located at regular intervals
along axons.
ā¢ Myelin sheath; in some neurons schwann cells secrete a fatty
layer over axons called myelin sheath.
ā¢ Nodes of ranvier ; between the areas of myelin on an axon, there
are non-myelinated points called nodes of ranvier.
ļ± Types of neurons:
1. Sensory neurons
2. Interneurons
3. Motorneurons.
8. Sensory neurons
ā¢ they conduct sensory information from receptors towards CNS.
ā¢ They have one dendrite and one axon.
9. Interneurons
ā¢ Form brain and spinal cord
ā¢ They receive information, interpret them and stimulate motor neurons.
ā¢ They have many dendrites and axons.
10.
11. Motor neurons
ā¢ Carry information to muscles or glands ( effectors )
ā¢ They have many dendrites but only one axon.
12.
13.
14.
15. Nerve
ā¢ A union of several axons that are enveloped by a covering made of
lipid.
ā¢ Based on the property of axons , nerves are classified into 3 types :
1. Sensory nerves : contains the axons of sensory neurons only.
2. Motor nerves : contain the axons of motor neurons only.
3. Mixed nerves ; contain the axons of both sensory and motor neurons.
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like
bundle of nerve fibres called axons, in
the peripheral nervous system. A nerve
transmits electrical impulses and is the
basic unit of the peripheral nervous
system.
16.
17. Peripheral nervous system
ā¢ It is composed of nerves and ganglia
ā¢ A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral
nervous system.
ā¢ In certain parts of body, the cell bodies of many neurons form a
group enveloped by a membrane, this is called ganglion.
ā¢ Ganglia are ovoid structures containing cell bodies of neurons
and glial cells supported by connective tissue. Ganglia function
like relay stations - one nerve enters and an other exits
ā¢ A ganglion (pl. ganglia) is a mass of nerve cell bodies found
outside of the central nervous system (CNS) along with some glial
cells and connective tissue.
18.
19. PNS continuedā¦ā¦..
ā¢ Nerves arise or lead to brain and spinal cord, so they are named as
cranial and spinal nerves.
ā¢ 12 pairs of cranial nerves
ā¢ 31 pairs of spinal nerves
ā¢ Some cranial nerves are sensory , some are motor and some are mixed.
ā¢ All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
20.
21.
22. ā¢ Cranial and spinal nerves make 2 pathways
1. Sensory pathway
2. Motor pathway
ļ± Motor pathway makes 2 systems
3. Somatic nervous system
4. Autonomic nervous system
ļ¶ Autonomic nervous system comprises of
5. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
6. Parasympathetic nervous system (PANS)
