1) The patient is a 67-year-old male with a history of stroke and diabetes who presented with a large gangrenous wound on his right thigh and toe. Physical examination revealed a foul smelling wound extending from his right hip to lower back.
2) Laboratory investigations showed anemia and elevated markers of infection. Imaging found extensive deep vein thrombosis in his right leg. He was diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis.
3) Treatment involved antibiotics, extensive wound debridement through serial surgeries, and management of his medical comorbidities with a multidisciplinary team. The case report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management of this severe soft tissue infection.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue.
It is a severe disease of sudden onset that spreads rapidly
The most commonly affected areas are the limbs perineum.
Include infections of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle, encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from simple cellulitis to rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis.
Diagnosing the exact extent of the disease is critical for successful management of a patient of soft tissue infection
FOURNIER’S GANGRENE: REVIEW OF 57 CASES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONAnil Haripriya
Fournier’s gangrene which is a rapidly progressive, fulminant polymicrobial synergistic infection of the perineum and genitals is now changing its pattern. Both genders can be affected and the mortality is still high (around10%). The clinical presentation in many patients in early stage may not be prominent. Thus rapid and accurate diagnosis is must for prompt treatment. Extensive surgical debridement and broad spectrum intravenous antibiotic remains the mainstay of treatment in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
A case presentation requiring wide debridement and a trephine defunctioning colostomy with operative finding photos. Includes how to diagnose and manage this potentially fatal condition.
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue.
It is a severe disease of sudden onset that spreads rapidly
The most commonly affected areas are the limbs perineum.
Include infections of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle, encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from simple cellulitis to rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis.
Diagnosing the exact extent of the disease is critical for successful management of a patient of soft tissue infection
FOURNIER’S GANGRENE: REVIEW OF 57 CASES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONAnil Haripriya
Fournier’s gangrene which is a rapidly progressive, fulminant polymicrobial synergistic infection of the perineum and genitals is now changing its pattern. Both genders can be affected and the mortality is still high (around10%). The clinical presentation in many patients in early stage may not be prominent. Thus rapid and accurate diagnosis is must for prompt treatment. Extensive surgical debridement and broad spectrum intravenous antibiotic remains the mainstay of treatment in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
A case presentation requiring wide debridement and a trephine defunctioning colostomy with operative finding photos. Includes how to diagnose and manage this potentially fatal condition.
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
Drs. Lena, Avery, and Davis’s CMC Abdominal Imaging Mastery Project: April CasesSean M. Fox
Dr. Kelsey Lena is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Drs. Michael Avery and Joshua Davis are Surgery Residents at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides. This month’s topics include:
- Large Bowel Obstruction
- Blunt Aortic Injury
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Rupture
Duodeno Pancreatic Injuries - Evaluation and Assessment.pptxDr Debmoy Ghatak
retroperitoneal injuries.
here in this segment we will deal with clinical anatomy of retroperitoneum and see how to assess clinically - radiologically -and surgically explore the duodeno pancreatic injuries.
we will see the probable CT findings and which one are the most specific ones. new tests to be used in pancreatic injuries. what are the prevalent latest guidelines of management and how to surgically explore the injuries.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. Case Report - 1
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Personal data
Name: Ali Mohammed Yahya Gamre (Fighter)
Age: 67 y/o
Sex: Male
MRN: 27902
Marital status: Married with children
Chief Complaint
Right thigh lateral aspect bed sore, Gangrenous
superficial patch at the tip of his right big toe.
3. Personal data / past history
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Past history
Previous cerebellar stroke
Type 2 DM,
Irritable bowel syndrome
Past Surgical history
4. Case presentation Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
> Clinical examination
> History
> Investigations
> Multidisciplinary approach
> Surgical procedures
6. Local examination
evaluation classification reversible tx surgery
Plastic
Foul smelling, discharging wound extending from the
right hip to back almost up to the lower scapular
region on the right side.. Skin hot and tender up to
the lower scapular region.
Wound
7. Case presentation Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
> Clinical examination
> History
> Investigations
> Multidisciplinary approach
> Surgical procedures
9. Radiological Study
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Conclusion:
-Extensive DVT of the right lower limb as described .
-Soft tissue edema at the right leg
X-ray and Doppler
10. Case presentation Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
> Clinical examination
> History
> Radiologic investigations
> Multidisciplinary approach
> Surgical procedures
11. Multidisciplinary approach
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Internal medicine:
Managing Type 2 DM, previous stroke, patient was on ventilator on
and off due to impaired lung function
Surgical:
Insertion of feeding gastrostomy and regular care of gastrostomy
tube.
Plastic Surgery:
Wound debridement and serial debridement's was done at regular
intervals.
12. Case presentation Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
> Clinical examination
> History
> Investigations
> Multidisciplinary approach
> Clinical diagnosis & treatment plan
> Surgical procedures
13. evaluation classification reversible tx surgery
Plastic clinical diagnosis & treatment plan
Type 2 DM, previous stroke with on
and off respiratory distress
Primary Diagnosis
wide spreading wound over the right hip
and back suggestive of Necrotizing
Fasciitis
Clinical diagnosis and
staging:
Necrotizing fasciitis
Type 2
Secondary Diagnosis
14. evaluation classification reversible tx surgery
Plastic
To stop the spread of infection:
• Cefotaxime,
• Cefuroxime
• Ciporfloxacin
Surgical Debridement
• Wide excision and through
debridement of wound.
• Regular change of dressing
• Serial debridement's was planned.
Clinical diagnosis & treatment plan
15. Case presentation Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
> Clinical examination
> History
> Investigations
> Multidisciplinary approach
> Clinical diagnosis & treatment plan
> Surgical procedures
18. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
History
- Hippocrates in the 5th century BC noted it,
known as malignant ulcer, gangrenous ulcer putrid ulcer.
- Was termed as hospital gangrene in the 18th century
- In1871 after the Civil War was called hospital
gangrene by a war surgeon
- In 1924 called hemolytic streptococcal gangrene
19. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
History
-In 1952 the term “Necrotizing fasciitis” was used.
-It was termed as the “killer bug”, “flesh eating bacteria” by
the media
-1989 toxic shock syndrome and strep A necrotizing fasciitis
reported
-Estimated 10,000-15,000 strep A infections with 5% of
patients developing necrotizing fasciitis
20. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Definition & Risk Factors
• Immunosuppression
• Diabetes
• Other chronic disease
• Malnutrition
• Advanced age
• Obesity
• Renal failure
• Malignancy
Fulminant, deep-seated infection with
necrosis of fascia and soft-tissue, generally
sparing of muscle and possible sparing of
the skin
-Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB. Necrotising fasciitis. BMJ. 2005 Apr 9;330(7495):830-3
21. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Clinical Features- Early
-Most frequently involved areas :
1) Extremities
2) Perineum
3) Trunk
-Can advance over hours or days
-Early symptoms
Pain, swelling, induration, fever,
tachycardia
Severe pain out of proportion
with exam
22. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Clinical Features- Late
- Tense skin
- Color changes
(red-purple->dusky blue->
black)
-Bullae – initially clear-
hemorrhagic
-Crepitus (only about 10-40%)
-Sepsis / Multiorgan failure
23. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Diagnosis
- High index of suspicion, mainly a clinical diagnosis.
- Laboratory investigations:
Leucocytosis
Acidosis
Altered coagulation profile
Abnormal renal function
- Plain radiography:
Soft tissue gas
- CT or MRI:
May delineate extent of disease
Soft tissue gas
- Incisional exploration or biopsy (can be done at bedside):
Tissue culture to identify pathogens and sensitivities
-Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB. Necrotising fasciitis. BMJ. 2005 Apr 9;330(7495):830-3
24. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Management
- Aggressive resuscitation and sepsis management
Frequently multi-organ failure (esp. ARF or ARDS)
Broad IV antibiotics
Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic coverage
clindamycin - inhibiting streptococcal toxin production
Vancomycin- if MRSA concerns
Continue IV antibiotics until debridement's complete
-Anaya D, Dellinger EP. Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management.
-Clinical Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44(5):705-10
25. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Surgical Management
-Early and aggressive debridement important
-Surgery may also be needed for diagnosis
-Serial debridement's until no further necrosis or
infection is seen
-Beware of hemorrhage (DIC common)
-Reconstructive surgery once fully stabilized and
infection eliminated
-Anaya D, Dellinger EP. Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management.
-Clinical Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44(5):705-10
26. Necrotizing fasciitis
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Mortality
• Type I: 20%, *
• Type II: 30-35%*
• Admission to surgery time > 24 hr independent predictor of
mortality after controlling for age, sex, DM, and
Hypotension*
• Amputation does not affect mortality
• Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: ~20%
• Fournier's gangrene: ~20-40%
*Wong CH, Chang HC, Pasupathy S, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85:1454-1460
27. Case Report – 2 A Very Rare Case Velopharyngeal
Incompetence
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
Personal data
Name: Muqbel Al Mutairi
Age: 6y/o
Sex: Male
MRN: 27279
Chief Complaint
Defective speech, nasal emmision with regurgitation
of food.
Left side unilateral soft palate aplasia.
28. Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
• He is the only son of a 30-year-old father and 23-year-old mother
with 2nd degree consanguinity. The family history was normal.
• He was assessed by speech and language by ENT specialists in our
hospital.
• Severe consistent hypernasality, consistent nasal emission, cleft-type
misarticulations and nasal grimace were observed.
• Physical examination:
Revealed that the left side of her velum appeared shorter
tonsillar pillar was absent on the left side Nasal
endoscopic examination was done
29. Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Evaluation Classification Reversible tx Surgery
Plastic
It is hard to explain this rare condition’s
pathogenesis,
but it may occur in three ways:
• The first theory is an atypical cleft case.
• The second theory is that this condition could
occur as a part of branchial arch syndrome.
However, there were no data to support this
theory.
• The last theory involves vasculature during
embryogenesis. A pathology (such as
torsion, occlusion, etc.) in the ascending palatine
artery during embryogenesis would cause this
situation.
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49(4) pp. 494–497 July 2012
’ Copyright 2012 American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
Figen O¨ zgu¨ r, M.D., Haldun Onuralp Kamburog˘ lu, M.D., F.E.B.O.P.R.A.S.
Asymmetric