Naturalism, what is NATURALISM, School of naturalism, psychological study of Naturalism, Aim and Objectives of naturalism

1. NATURALISM
Presented by
NISHAD MUHAMMED

2. Introduction
Nature is everything, there is nothing
beyond it.
Nature is also termed as materialism.
Man should investigate the truth of
nature by scientific methods with all his
capacities and resourcefulness.
It doesn't believe in sentimentalism,
spiritualism, and supernaturalism.

3. Protagonist of Naturalism
 JJ Rousseau – champion of
naturalism
 Others – Aristotle, Comte,
Bacon, Darwin, Huxley,
Spencer, Epicurus, Tagore

4. Definition of Naturalism
―Naturalism is metaphysics which
considers nature as the whole of reality.
It excludes what is supernatural or the
other world‖
— Hocking

5. Meaning of Naturalism
It emphasis on the nature in every field of
education
It is a philosophy which considers nature as
everything and denies the existence of ant
spirit
It does not believe in existence of God
It gave importance to the matter and the
physical world

6. Forms of Naturalism
 Atomistic Naturalism
 Scientific Naturalism
* Physical Naturalism
* Biological Naturalism
 Mechanical Naturalism
 Historical Naturalism

7. Principles of Naturalism
 Stress on physical environment.
 Universe is a huge machine. Man is also a part
of this machine.
Reality can be truly analyzed by natural
science.
 The present is the real life, man should try to
make this life happy and comfortable.

8. Principles of Naturalism
 Unchanging loss of nature explains all the
events and occurrences of the world.
Education in accordance with the nature of the
child.
 Man is the highest creature or animal
according to his nature. So the essence of his
life is animal instinct and not spiritually.

9. Characteristics of Naturalism
 Back to nature
 Negative education
 It is against bookish knowledge and verbalism
 Naturalism gives central position to the child in the
educational process
 Education prepares the child for his future adult life
 Freedom of the child
 It gives emphasis on the training of senses as senses
are the gateway of knowledge
 Material education
 Scientific education

10. Aims of Naturalism
 Attainment of present and future happiness
 Struggle for existence
 Protection of human machine
 Adaptation to environment
 Improvement of racial gains
 Autonomous development
 Education according to nature

11. Naturalism and Curriculum
 Naturalist do not advocate a fixed curriculum
 Curriculum must be child-centered
 It gives place for skills and other useful educational
activities
 It considers literacy subjects as useless and gives no
place in the curriculum
 Curriculum should contain games, sports, physical
culture, biology, physics, nature study, language,
history, geography, and other allied subjects
 It lay stress on physical education and health training
and home science also

12. Naturalism and Curriculum
Herbert Spencer classifies all human activities
into five and assigns a place to each of them in
the curriculum. The five activities in the order of
priority are
* Activities of self preservation
* Activities of a vocation
* Activities of a worthy citizenship
* Activities of a worthy home membership
* Activities of the leisure time
These five activities constitute his ‗Complete
Living Aim‘ of education.

13. Naturalism and Method of
Teaching
 Naturalism is a result against the old, traditional,
bookish system of education
 Direct experience with nature, things, and men is the
keynote of instruction according to naturalists
 They follow different methods of teaching according to
the interests, capacities, and aptitude of the child
 Learning by doing
 Direct method
 Heuristic method

14. Naturalism and Method of
Teaching
 Observation and excursion
 Play way method
 Learning through senses
 Self government, self effort, and co-education
 Learning through participations
 Other methods: Apart from the above methods,
naturalists adopt Dalton plan, kindergarten, excursion
method, Montessori method, experimentation and text
book method so as to bring about a natural
development in the child

15. Naturalism and Teacher
 Teacher should behave sympathetically and
affectionately forwards the children
 Nature – supreme teacher
 Teacher the observer
 Understand about child
 Teacher the stage setter
 Teacher the gardener

16. Naturalism and Discipline
 Naturalist give full freedom to the child to perform and
learn whatever he likes
 No punishment
 Full freedom
 Free society
 Naturalists assume that the child has no knowledge of
good and bad, but he suffers pain when he makes a
mistake, and pleasure when he does something right.
Thus he gets reward or punishment for his actions

17. Naturalism and School
 The school environment should be completely free, flexible
and without any rigidity
 It should be helpful for the free and natural development of
the child
 It should be situated in the lap of nature, far away from cities
 There should not be any fixed time table and ready dozes of
knowledge
 There should be no provision for punishment
 School develops the feeling of self learning and self-discipline
 It does not want to burden the child with examination

18. Merits of Naturalism
1. It gives the child a very important place in the educational
process. It treats a child as child and not as an adult. The
child is good and pure at the terms of birth
2. It considers nature as the best teacher in whose company
the child learns better. Society is full of evils
3. It considers individual interests, aptitude, inclination,
needs and capacities while structuring the curriculum
4. It prepares and encourages the child to engage in
experimentation, discoveries and inventions
5. It motivates the child to acquire more knowledge in the
natural environment

19. Demerits of Naturalism
1. Nature centered study makes the child become unsocial
with no feeling of social service
2. Naturalism ignores the spiritual world and considers the
material world only
3. Naturalism lays stress on solutions for only the present
needs and problems of an individual and neglects his future
needs and problems. It has failed to prepare the child for
the future life
4. Naturalism advocates unrestricted freedom for the child to
develop himself naturally. This is undesirable and harmful
to the child
5. It minimizes the role of the teacher in the educative
process. A teacher is an observer, a sympathetic guide and
helper in structuring experiences for the child

20. Conclusion
The contribution of naturalism in significant in
the progressive modern educational thought
and practice. All the modern method of
teaching technique owe their origin to this
school of philosophy