Naturalism is a philosophy that views nature as the totality of reality and excludes the supernatural. It believes that life can be explained solely by material and chemical laws, with no existence of God or other world. Key proponents included Rousseau, Aristotle, Comte, Bacon, Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, and Epicurus. Naturalism's principles are that all human capacities are delimited by nature, and thoughts depend on physical circumstances and external stimuli. Its educational implications include aiming education toward perfecting the human machine and adaptation, using a curriculum focused on nature, games, sports, and allied subjects, and teaching methods like learning by doing, play-way, and observation.

1. NATURALISM
PRESENTED BY,
ANAGHA T BENNY
COMMERCE
1st SEMESTER

2. “Naturalism is metaphysics which considers nature as
the whole of reality. It excludes what is supernatural
or the other world.” -Hocking
Meaning of Naturalism
- Naturalism is a philosophy that defines life in terms of
material and chemical laws and emphasized the
relationship between power, speed and matter as of the
nature of causal relationship.
- It does not believe in existence of god.
- It gives importance to the matter and physical world.
- It is also called materialism.
Definition of Naturalism

3. Protagonist of Naturalism
 J.J Rousseau
 Aristotle
 Comte
 Bacon
 Darwin
 Huxley
 Spencer
 Epicurus
 Tagore,etc

4. o Stress on physical environment.
o Universe is a huge machine. Man is also a part of
this machine and a complete machine in himself
also.
o The present is the real life, and man should try to
make this life happy and comfortable.
o Life comes out of dead matter and is a sum total
of physical and chemical reaction.
o Man is the supreme creation of the nature.
o Unchanging loss of nature explains all the events
and occurrences of the world.
o The true explanation of reality can only be done
in terms of physical science
Principles of Naturalism

5. o All the capacities of an individual human being
are delimited by his nature. Those are his innate and
inherent tendencies and basic instincts.
o Thoughts depend on physical circumstances. They
are activated only when some external stimuli affect
the body organ of an individual

6. Features of Naturalism
 Back to nature.
 Negative education
 It is completely against to the bookish knowledge and verbalism
 Naturalism gives central position to the child in the educational process
 Education prepares the child for his future adult life
 Freedom of the child
 It gives emphasis on the training of senses as senses are the gateway of
knowledge
 Material education
 Scientific education

7. Educational Implications:
I. Aims of Education
- To perfect the human machine
- Attainment of present and future happiness
- Adaptation to environment
- Improvement of racial gains
- Natural development
- Autonomous development

8. II. Curriculum
Curriculum should consist of subject and items which reflect in born tendencies,
natural interests, natural activities, individual differences and sex problems of
children. Hence the curriculum should contain:
a. Games
b. Sports
c. Physical culture
d. Biology
e. Physics
f. Nature study
g. Language
h. History
i. Geography and other allied subjects

9. .
III. Methods of teaching
Naturalism prescribed:
1. Learning by doing
2. Learning by experience, and
3. Learning by play as the bases of teaching
The principle advocated by naturalists have brought
into being the modern methods of teaching which
includes:
1. Observation method
2. Play-way method
3. Heuristic method
4. Dalton method
5. Montessori method and other such methods
6. Experimental methods
All these methods are self-learning methods and as such they are
very effective and purposeful.

10. Thank
you