CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE,
Introduction to various building codes in professional practice emphasizing the importance of codes and regulations to protect public health, safety and welfare and to ensure compliance with the local authority.
The document outlines key aspects of the National Building Code of India 2016 related to administration. It discusses the scope of the administration section, covering applicability of the code, building department organization, and permitting procedures. Key terms are also defined, such as alteration, authority having jurisdiction, and building. The administration section aims to provide guidelines for implementing the code provisions through an integrated approach across various disciplines involved in planning, designing, and construction of buildings.
Building codes govern the design and construction of buildings to ensure safety and establish standards. Codes have existed for millennia and are updated regularly to reflect advances in technology and materials. The modern building code focuses on occupancy classifications, fire prevention, structural integrity, accessibility, and other life safety issues. Architects and engineers use the building code throughout the design process to ensure their designs meet all applicable requirements.
This document outlines the zoning regulations and requirements for constructing an automated teller machine (ATM) and shopping mall complex. It specifies that any building with an ATM must follow the bye-laws for that building and the special permission process. For shopping malls, the minimum land area is 4,000 square meters and frontage requirements vary based on land area. Additional requirements include minimum road widths, setbacks, parking provisions, and installing water harvesting and solar heating systems.
Understanding the importance of National Building Codes - A Case StudyPower Cable Alliance
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.
It serves as a ‘Model Code’ for adoption by all agencies, public or private, involved in building construction works.
Here, we delve into the impact these codes have on safety from fire accidents and recommendations on how we can create a reliable and quality infrastructure.
National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Naveen Jangir
National Building Code of INDIA 2016 (NBC 2016)
Important Amendments For Structural Design
Study Time - May 2017
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability; and asset and facility management.
The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then first revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendments were issued to the 1983 version, two in 1987 and the third in 1997. The second revision of the Code was in 2005, to which two amendments were issued in 2015.
Due to large scale changes in the building construction activities, such as change in nature of occupancies with prevalence of high rises and mixed occupancies, greater dependence and complicated nature of building services, development of new/innovative construction materials and technologies, greater need for preservation of environment and recognition of need for planned management of existing buildings and built environment, there has been a paradigm shift in building construction scenario. Considering these, a Project for comprehensive revision of the Code was taken up under the aegis of the National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 22 expert Panels; involving around 1 000 experts. As a culmination of the Project, the revised Code has been brought out in 2016 as National Building Code of India 2016 reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.
This document provides an overview of fire protection requirements for high-rise buildings in India according to the National Building Code. It discusses causes of fire, fire hazards, fire load classification, classification of building types, characteristics of combustible and non-combustible materials, concepts of passive and active fire protection including compartmentation, means of escape, and fixed firefighting installations. It also summarizes rules for minimum road widths, building entrance dimensions, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, water tanks, pumps, fire alarm and detection systems, sprinklers, portable extinguishers, and requirements for a fire officer, helipad, fire drills and orders in high-rise buildings.
This document outlines development control rules and general building requirements for land use and construction. It defines different land use zones for public/semi-public uses like government offices, education, medical facilities, recreation areas, transportation, agriculture, special areas, and more. It specifies that building uses must conform to the designated zone. It also provides requirements for means of access like road widths, setbacks, turning radii for vehicles. It mandates the provision of community open spaces, amenities, and parking based on the layout area and population. Fire safety standards and requirements for intersections are also mentioned.
Fire safety as per National Building Code-2016Arpit Vyas
This document discusses fire safety as per the National Building Code of India 2016. It defines fire hazards and the fire triangle, explaining the three elements (fuel, oxygen, ignition source) needed for a fire to start. It classifies different fire types (A, B, C, D, K) based on common fuel sources. It also discusses important fire safety terminology like flammable, combustible, down-comer, dry/wet riser, fire resistance rating. Building planning considerations for fire prevention include use of non-combustible materials, fire-rated staircases and lift lobbies, and fire escapes.
The document outlines key aspects of the National Building Code of India 2016 related to administration. It discusses the scope of the administration section, covering applicability of the code, building department organization, and permitting procedures. Key terms are also defined, such as alteration, authority having jurisdiction, and building. The administration section aims to provide guidelines for implementing the code provisions through an integrated approach across various disciplines involved in planning, designing, and construction of buildings.
Building codes govern the design and construction of buildings to ensure safety and establish standards. Codes have existed for millennia and are updated regularly to reflect advances in technology and materials. The modern building code focuses on occupancy classifications, fire prevention, structural integrity, accessibility, and other life safety issues. Architects and engineers use the building code throughout the design process to ensure their designs meet all applicable requirements.
This document outlines the zoning regulations and requirements for constructing an automated teller machine (ATM) and shopping mall complex. It specifies that any building with an ATM must follow the bye-laws for that building and the special permission process. For shopping malls, the minimum land area is 4,000 square meters and frontage requirements vary based on land area. Additional requirements include minimum road widths, setbacks, parking provisions, and installing water harvesting and solar heating systems.
Understanding the importance of National Building Codes - A Case StudyPower Cable Alliance
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.
It serves as a ‘Model Code’ for adoption by all agencies, public or private, involved in building construction works.
Here, we delve into the impact these codes have on safety from fire accidents and recommendations on how we can create a reliable and quality infrastructure.
National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Naveen Jangir
National Building Code of INDIA 2016 (NBC 2016)
Important Amendments For Structural Design
Study Time - May 2017
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability; and asset and facility management.
The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then first revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendments were issued to the 1983 version, two in 1987 and the third in 1997. The second revision of the Code was in 2005, to which two amendments were issued in 2015.
Due to large scale changes in the building construction activities, such as change in nature of occupancies with prevalence of high rises and mixed occupancies, greater dependence and complicated nature of building services, development of new/innovative construction materials and technologies, greater need for preservation of environment and recognition of need for planned management of existing buildings and built environment, there has been a paradigm shift in building construction scenario. Considering these, a Project for comprehensive revision of the Code was taken up under the aegis of the National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 22 expert Panels; involving around 1 000 experts. As a culmination of the Project, the revised Code has been brought out in 2016 as National Building Code of India 2016 reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.
This document provides an overview of fire protection requirements for high-rise buildings in India according to the National Building Code. It discusses causes of fire, fire hazards, fire load classification, classification of building types, characteristics of combustible and non-combustible materials, concepts of passive and active fire protection including compartmentation, means of escape, and fixed firefighting installations. It also summarizes rules for minimum road widths, building entrance dimensions, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, water tanks, pumps, fire alarm and detection systems, sprinklers, portable extinguishers, and requirements for a fire officer, helipad, fire drills and orders in high-rise buildings.
This document outlines development control rules and general building requirements for land use and construction. It defines different land use zones for public/semi-public uses like government offices, education, medical facilities, recreation areas, transportation, agriculture, special areas, and more. It specifies that building uses must conform to the designated zone. It also provides requirements for means of access like road widths, setbacks, turning radii for vehicles. It mandates the provision of community open spaces, amenities, and parking based on the layout area and population. Fire safety standards and requirements for intersections are also mentioned.
Fire safety as per National Building Code-2016Arpit Vyas
This document discusses fire safety as per the National Building Code of India 2016. It defines fire hazards and the fire triangle, explaining the three elements (fuel, oxygen, ignition source) needed for a fire to start. It classifies different fire types (A, B, C, D, K) based on common fuel sources. It also discusses important fire safety terminology like flammable, combustible, down-comer, dry/wet riser, fire resistance rating. Building planning considerations for fire prevention include use of non-combustible materials, fire-rated staircases and lift lobbies, and fire escapes.
The document provides information on professional practice for architects in India, including:
1) It defines key terms related to architecture such as trade, business, profession, doctrine, liabilities, duties, and responsibilities.
2) It describes the roles and services provided by architects at different stages of a construction project from conceptual design to project completion.
3) It outlines the process of contracting between clients and architects, including common payment stages as a project progresses.
4) It provides details on the scale of fees charged by architects, usually around 10% of the total project cost for smaller jobs down to 4-5% for larger projects.
National building code for residential apartments in indiaVinod Kumar Nehta
The document discusses India's National Building Code (NBC). It provides standardized requirements for building design and construction to protect public health, safety and welfare. The NBC regulates building construction and use. It covers administrative rules, development controls, building requirements, fire safety, materials, structural design, construction, and building services like electricity and plumbing. Buildings must satisfy the NBC or face penalties. It requires lifts in tall buildings and fire safety measures like staircases and sprinklers. The NBC provides guidelines for construction of foundations, handrails, parapets and more. It aims to ensure buildings are safe for occupants.
1. The document discusses building bye-laws and codes, which are standards and specifications designed to ensure safety for workers, users, and the public.
2. It introduces some important definitions related to building bye-laws, including floor area ratio (FAR), building height, setback line, ground coverage, and plinth area.
3. The objectives of building bye-laws are to allow disciplined development, protect safety, provide efficient use of space, and ensure buildings have adequate light, air and ventilation for occupant health. Bye-laws help regulate orderly growth of urban areas.
This document outlines the course code, introduction, and application of codes of practice for a B.Arch program. It introduces various building codes and their importance in protecting public health, safety, and compliance. Students will learn to apply different codes according to building type and represent their analysis through code data sheets.
This document provides an overview of the National Building Code of India 2016. It includes information on the code's history, with previous revisions in 1983, 2005 and the current version in 2016. The contents cover various parts and sections dealing with different aspects of building construction, such as administration, development control rules, structural design, fire safety, materials and more. Definitions and terminology used across the code are provided in Part 1. The overview highlights the integrated approach recommended for applying the code's provisions outlined in Part 0.
The document discusses key aspects of building design related to fire safety and prevention as outlined in the National Building Code of India. It defines important terms, classifications of buildings, responsibilities of design teams, provisions for means of access for fire tenders, and requirements for fire tender movement around buildings. Special considerations are outlined for high rise and special buildings to allow for safe and timely evacuation and access for firefighting vehicles and equipment.
The document discusses the Architects Act of 1972 and the Council of Architecture (COA) established under the Act. It provides the following key details:
1) The Architects Act of 1972 created a statutory body called the COA to regulate the architecture profession through registration of architects, establishing standards of education and practice, and maintaining a register.
2) The COA is headed by a President and consists of members representing architectural institutions and organizations. It is responsible for registration, recognizing qualifications, and handling misconduct inquiries.
3) The Act aims to protect the title of "Architect" and establishes the process and qualifications for registration with the COA, which allows one to practice as an architect in India.
The document provides information about architectural practice and professional ethics in India. It discusses the key differences between a profession and a business, and notes that architecture is considered a profession in India. The history of architectural practice and education in India is covered, including the establishment of the first architecture school in 1913. The roles of regulatory bodies like the Council of Architecture and Indian Institute of Architects are explained. Common types of architectural practice structures like proprietorship, partnership and private companies are defined. Typical organization structures for architectural offices and methods for setting up and managing finances of an office are also outlined.
The document summarizes a site visit to a boys' hostel and mess hall under construction to understand how electrical, plumbing, and fire safety systems are installed. Key points covered include the sanitary pipe layout and components like traps; the electrical room, distribution systems, and voltage classifications; and fire safety regulations for buildings over 15m. The visit provided insights into implementing these critical building systems during construction.
The document discusses the National Building Code of India (NBC). It provides an overview of the history and development of the NBC since 1970. The NBC is intended to regulate building construction activities across India by establishing uniform guidelines. It covers various aspects of building design, construction, materials, services, fire safety and more. The NBC is revised periodically to reflect new practices and standards. The latest revision was in 2005.
Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Rohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016 which is especially useful of Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
The document discusses various requirements for fire safety in high-rise buildings according to Indian standards. It defines a high-rise building as one that is more than 15-18 meters in height. Requirements include a minimum road width of 12 meters to accommodate fire engines, sufficient setbacks around buildings, a minimum of two staircases including one external emergency staircase, fire safety measures for lifts, compartmentation of buildings to limit fire spread, installation of fire dampers, provision of refuge areas, a public address system for evacuation, and a helipad for buildings over 60 meters in height.
Lift slab construction is a method of building concrete structures by casting floor or roof slabs on top of previous slabs and then lifting them into place with hydraulic jacks, making it cheaper and faster than traditional cast-in-place construction. Powerful jacks lift the cured slabs into position while ensuring even lifting at all points. This method is most effective for buildings with uniform, repetitive floor plans up to around 16 stories tall.
Professional practice of architects-Role of an architect (COA)Aditi Garg
ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT IN PROJECT REALISATION-
The Classic Steps to the Process
The process is typically broken down into the following steps:
1. Pre-Design Phase (PD)
2. Schematic Design Phase (SD)
3. Design Development Phase (DD)
4. Construction Documents Phase (CD)
5. Bidding & Negotiation Phase (BN)
6. Construction Observation/Contract Administration Phase (CA)
7. Supplemental Services (SS)
Architectural working drawings are technical drawings that provide all necessary information to construct a building project using graphical representations. They include plans, sections, elevations, schedules and specifications. The drawings are prepared according to conventions using appropriate scales, symbols and dimensions. They serve to communicate design details to construction teams, guide contractors, and obtain necessary approvals from authorities. Key components of working drawings include title blocks, site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, structural details and specifications of finishes.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
Provision for fire protection in high rise buildingsAarti Rani
Protection against fire, building code as described in NBC. For designers and architects, looking for all the measures that should be taken while designing a high rise apartment according to National Building code of india.
This document discusses occupancy classifications, building types, and occupant loads. It explains that occupancy classification and occupant load must be determined first when designing a project as they establish code requirements. Occupancy classification broadly categorizes a building's use, while building type provides more specific details. Occupant load sets the minimum egress requirements based on the number of expected occupants. Later in design, occupant load affects requirements for means of egress. The document provides guidance on calculating occupant load and factors to consider for different space types.
The document discusses the National Building Code of India. It provides that building codes establish minimum construction and safety requirements. The National Building Code aims to harmonize building regulations across India. It covers administrative rules, development controls, materials, structural design, construction, services, and plumbing. The code seeks to ensure public safety, health, welfare, structural integrity, fire safety, and more through its provisions. It has been revised several times over the years to incorporate new practices and address safety.
The document provides information on professional practice for architects in India, including:
1) It defines key terms related to architecture such as trade, business, profession, doctrine, liabilities, duties, and responsibilities.
2) It describes the roles and services provided by architects at different stages of a construction project from conceptual design to project completion.
3) It outlines the process of contracting between clients and architects, including common payment stages as a project progresses.
4) It provides details on the scale of fees charged by architects, usually around 10% of the total project cost for smaller jobs down to 4-5% for larger projects.
National building code for residential apartments in indiaVinod Kumar Nehta
The document discusses India's National Building Code (NBC). It provides standardized requirements for building design and construction to protect public health, safety and welfare. The NBC regulates building construction and use. It covers administrative rules, development controls, building requirements, fire safety, materials, structural design, construction, and building services like electricity and plumbing. Buildings must satisfy the NBC or face penalties. It requires lifts in tall buildings and fire safety measures like staircases and sprinklers. The NBC provides guidelines for construction of foundations, handrails, parapets and more. It aims to ensure buildings are safe for occupants.
1. The document discusses building bye-laws and codes, which are standards and specifications designed to ensure safety for workers, users, and the public.
2. It introduces some important definitions related to building bye-laws, including floor area ratio (FAR), building height, setback line, ground coverage, and plinth area.
3. The objectives of building bye-laws are to allow disciplined development, protect safety, provide efficient use of space, and ensure buildings have adequate light, air and ventilation for occupant health. Bye-laws help regulate orderly growth of urban areas.
This document outlines the course code, introduction, and application of codes of practice for a B.Arch program. It introduces various building codes and their importance in protecting public health, safety, and compliance. Students will learn to apply different codes according to building type and represent their analysis through code data sheets.
This document provides an overview of the National Building Code of India 2016. It includes information on the code's history, with previous revisions in 1983, 2005 and the current version in 2016. The contents cover various parts and sections dealing with different aspects of building construction, such as administration, development control rules, structural design, fire safety, materials and more. Definitions and terminology used across the code are provided in Part 1. The overview highlights the integrated approach recommended for applying the code's provisions outlined in Part 0.
The document discusses key aspects of building design related to fire safety and prevention as outlined in the National Building Code of India. It defines important terms, classifications of buildings, responsibilities of design teams, provisions for means of access for fire tenders, and requirements for fire tender movement around buildings. Special considerations are outlined for high rise and special buildings to allow for safe and timely evacuation and access for firefighting vehicles and equipment.
The document discusses the Architects Act of 1972 and the Council of Architecture (COA) established under the Act. It provides the following key details:
1) The Architects Act of 1972 created a statutory body called the COA to regulate the architecture profession through registration of architects, establishing standards of education and practice, and maintaining a register.
2) The COA is headed by a President and consists of members representing architectural institutions and organizations. It is responsible for registration, recognizing qualifications, and handling misconduct inquiries.
3) The Act aims to protect the title of "Architect" and establishes the process and qualifications for registration with the COA, which allows one to practice as an architect in India.
The document provides information about architectural practice and professional ethics in India. It discusses the key differences between a profession and a business, and notes that architecture is considered a profession in India. The history of architectural practice and education in India is covered, including the establishment of the first architecture school in 1913. The roles of regulatory bodies like the Council of Architecture and Indian Institute of Architects are explained. Common types of architectural practice structures like proprietorship, partnership and private companies are defined. Typical organization structures for architectural offices and methods for setting up and managing finances of an office are also outlined.
The document summarizes a site visit to a boys' hostel and mess hall under construction to understand how electrical, plumbing, and fire safety systems are installed. Key points covered include the sanitary pipe layout and components like traps; the electrical room, distribution systems, and voltage classifications; and fire safety regulations for buildings over 15m. The visit provided insights into implementing these critical building systems during construction.
The document discusses the National Building Code of India (NBC). It provides an overview of the history and development of the NBC since 1970. The NBC is intended to regulate building construction activities across India by establishing uniform guidelines. It covers various aspects of building design, construction, materials, services, fire safety and more. The NBC is revised periodically to reflect new practices and standards. The latest revision was in 2005.
Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Rohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016 which is especially useful of Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
The document discusses various requirements for fire safety in high-rise buildings according to Indian standards. It defines a high-rise building as one that is more than 15-18 meters in height. Requirements include a minimum road width of 12 meters to accommodate fire engines, sufficient setbacks around buildings, a minimum of two staircases including one external emergency staircase, fire safety measures for lifts, compartmentation of buildings to limit fire spread, installation of fire dampers, provision of refuge areas, a public address system for evacuation, and a helipad for buildings over 60 meters in height.
Lift slab construction is a method of building concrete structures by casting floor or roof slabs on top of previous slabs and then lifting them into place with hydraulic jacks, making it cheaper and faster than traditional cast-in-place construction. Powerful jacks lift the cured slabs into position while ensuring even lifting at all points. This method is most effective for buildings with uniform, repetitive floor plans up to around 16 stories tall.
Professional practice of architects-Role of an architect (COA)Aditi Garg
ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT IN PROJECT REALISATION-
The Classic Steps to the Process
The process is typically broken down into the following steps:
1. Pre-Design Phase (PD)
2. Schematic Design Phase (SD)
3. Design Development Phase (DD)
4. Construction Documents Phase (CD)
5. Bidding & Negotiation Phase (BN)
6. Construction Observation/Contract Administration Phase (CA)
7. Supplemental Services (SS)
Architectural working drawings are technical drawings that provide all necessary information to construct a building project using graphical representations. They include plans, sections, elevations, schedules and specifications. The drawings are prepared according to conventions using appropriate scales, symbols and dimensions. They serve to communicate design details to construction teams, guide contractors, and obtain necessary approvals from authorities. Key components of working drawings include title blocks, site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, structural details and specifications of finishes.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
Provision for fire protection in high rise buildingsAarti Rani
Protection against fire, building code as described in NBC. For designers and architects, looking for all the measures that should be taken while designing a high rise apartment according to National Building code of india.
This document discusses occupancy classifications, building types, and occupant loads. It explains that occupancy classification and occupant load must be determined first when designing a project as they establish code requirements. Occupancy classification broadly categorizes a building's use, while building type provides more specific details. Occupant load sets the minimum egress requirements based on the number of expected occupants. Later in design, occupant load affects requirements for means of egress. The document provides guidance on calculating occupant load and factors to consider for different space types.
The document discusses the National Building Code of India. It provides that building codes establish minimum construction and safety requirements. The National Building Code aims to harmonize building regulations across India. It covers administrative rules, development controls, materials, structural design, construction, services, and plumbing. The code seeks to ensure public safety, health, welfare, structural integrity, fire safety, and more through its provisions. It has been revised several times over the years to incorporate new practices and address safety.
National building codes 2005 history overviewShourya Puri
The National Building Code of India was first published in 1970 and has since been revised multiple times, with the latest version released in 2005. It aims to provide minimum standards and guidelines for building design, construction, and materials across India. Some key points:
- It was created in response to outdated building regulations and to standardize codes nationwide.
- The Bureau of Indian Standards was tasked with preparing the code and establishing guidance committees.
- The 2005 version consolidated decades of experience and incorporates modern practices. It covers topics like structural design, materials, fire safety, services, and more through 10 detailed parts.
- Salient features include improved seismic design, accessibility guidelines, heritage building provisions, and rainwater
The document provides an overview of the National Building Code of India 2016. Some key points:
- It covers the need for building regulation and the constitutional position that subjects related to land and buildings fall under state lists.
- Authorities having jurisdiction over building regulation include municipal corporations, municipalities, and special purpose agencies.
- Instruments for building regulation include town planning acts, master plans, building byelaws. Additional clearances may be required from fire, pollution control, and other authorities.
- The code has undergone revisions since 1970 to incorporate improvements for structural safety, fire safety, accessibility, new materials and technologies, and sustainability. It is expected to be extensively used by local bodies, construction agencies, and
The document provides an overview of the National Building Code of India 2005. It discusses the importance of construction for development plans in India and the need for a unified code to regulate building activity. The code aims to standardize building regulations, control costs, and promote safety and performance-based construction. It covers administrative rules, structural design, materials, fire safety, services, and other technical aspects of building planning and construction. The code is intended to guide government agencies, local authorities, and construction professionals in India.
The document discusses standards, specifications, codes, and building codes. Standards define technical requirements and best practices, while specifications provide additional requirements for materials and components. Codes establish minimum safety levels and can be adopted as law. Building codes specify rules for constructed objects like buildings, covering structure, safety systems, construction methods, and more. They aim to ensure public health and safety in the built environment.
ISO 9000 Quality Standards in Construction. There is risk involved in any construction project. ... The ISO 9000 clauses most often complied with are those dealing with (1) inspection and test status; (2) inspection and testing; (3) control of nonconformance product; and (4) handling, storage, and preser- vation.
The clauses least complied with concern (1) design control; (2) internal auditing; (3) training; and (4) statistical techniques. Documentation of a quality system is scarce for the majority of the contractors.
National Building Code of India- Assuring High Standards of Safety.pdfyamunaNMH
In India, the National Building Code (NBC) is a crucial document. It provides crucial guidelines for constructing residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. Their structural integrity, safety, and hazardous components are all checked by NCB.
The document summarizes the National Building Code of Nigeria, which was established in 2007 to set minimum safety and health standards for building design, construction, use, and maintenance. It discusses the code's aims and organization into different sections addressing technical requirements, enforcement, and referenced standards. The code classifies buildings by use, construction type, and other factors in order to determine minimum design and safety provisions. It also establishes responsibilities for professionals and oversight committees. However, the document notes that full enforcement of the code remains a challenge, as many states and local governments have yet to fully adopt and enforce its provisions.
Building codes and regulations provide minimum standards for building construction and safety. They address requirements for materials, building systems, fire resistance, means of egress, occupancy loads and more. Various codes apply to different aspects of construction, such as the International Building Code, International Residential Code, and National Fire Protection Association codes. Buildings are also subject to zoning ordinances and legal requirements regarding accessibility and worker safety. It is the responsibility of architects and designers to understand and comply with all applicable codes and regulations to ensure building safety.
Building codes and regulations provide minimum standards for building construction and safety. They address requirements for materials, building systems, fire resistance, means of egress, occupancy loads and more. Various codes apply to different aspects of construction, such as the International Building Code, International Residential Code, and National Fire Protection Association codes. Buildings are also subject to zoning ordinances and legal requirements regarding accessibility and worker safety. It is the responsibility of architects and designers to understand and comply with all applicable codes and regulations to ensure building safety.
The document discusses building codes and regulations that govern the construction of buildings. It covers various topics like building code types, construction types, occupancy classifications, fire resistance ratings, and factors that determine a building's development like construction type, intended use, and zoning regulations. Building codes establish minimum safety and construction standards and are adopted at the local level, while construction types are classified based on the materials used and their fire resistance.
The National Building Code of India (NBC) was established in 1970 to provide standards for building construction. It is overseen by the Indian Standards Institution and aims to standardize construction practices across government departments, municipalities, and other agencies. The NBC establishes panels of experts to draft sections covering topics like architecture, structural engineering, construction practices, building services, and more. It has been periodically updated to incorporate changes in building bye-laws, materials standards, and additional requirements.
Lecture 1 Bye Laws,codes and spatial data.pdfMairaNoor4
The document discusses building bye laws, regulations, and spatial data requirements. It notes the need for building authorities to establish rules regarding residential, commercial, and industrial building aspects like height, coverage, setbacks, and more. It provides preliminary sources for building data and discusses space programming. Key building bye law topics covered include structural design, consultant qualifications, submission drawings, and violations. The document also discusses codes, standards, regulations, and compliance. It defines these terms and notes the importance of following mandated codes and regulations. Finally, it discusses the significance of building codes in regulating construction for safety, services, and energy efficiency.
1. The document provides an overview of project specifications and their relationship to the Ontario Building Code.
2. Specifications serve several purposes including design coordination, bidding, contracting, installation, and project administration. They form part of the construction contract.
3. Specifications can describe products through prescriptive, performance, or proprietary methods. Prescriptive specifications define physical attributes, performance specifications define functional requirements, and proprietary specifications name specific manufacturers and models.
A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority. Building codes are generally intended to be applied by architects, engineers, constructors and regulators but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants and others.
ISO develops international standards to ensure safety and quality in the construction industry. It has over 1,100 standards related to construction that cover structures, building materials, energy efficiency, fire safety, building information modeling, lifts and escalators. These standards help make the construction process more effective and efficient, while also providing confidence to consumers that buildings are built safely and as intended. The standards are developed by technical committees made up of industry and stakeholder experts.
The construction industry is important for economic growth and development. It involves various types of civil and building works. The industry faces problems like lack of trained manpower, poor quality control, and failure to complete projects on time. Key organizations that regulate the industry are the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and Pusat Khidmat Kontraktor (PKK or Contractor Service Centre). The PKK handles contractor registration and provides support to Bumiputera contractors. Contractors must meet requirements like minimum capital, technical qualifications, work experience, and equipment to register with the PKK.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Raz Mohammad to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It provides details of the internship, including acknowledging those who assisted and guided the training. The report will analyze and design a proposed circular building for LUVAS in Rohtak, Haryana in two parts: analysis and design. The analysis will examine slabs, beams, and columns, while the design will create slabs, beams, and columns. Standard building codes, loading conditions, materials, and the software STAAD Pro will be used.
Comparision of Design Codes ACI 318-11, IS 456 2000 and Eurocode IIijtsrd
This document compares the design code specifications of ACI 318-11, IS 456:2000, and Eurocode II. It discusses some key differences between the codes, such as their stress-strain block parameters, L/D ratios, load combinations, elastic modulus of concrete, and design strength limits of concrete. The document aims to compare the broader design criteria and calculate the steel area required for structural members based on each code, in order to perform a comparative analysis. Some notable differences highlighted include Eurocode II having more stringent L/D ratios and load combinations compared to the other codes.
AN INTELLIGENT BUILDING IS THE ONE WHICH PROVIDES A PRODUCTIVE AND
COST-EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF FOUR BASIC
ELEMENTS: STRUCTURE, SYSTEMS, SERVICES AND MANAGEMENT, AND THE
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEM.
IT IS A TYPE OF BUILDING THAT USES BOTH TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS TO
CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT THAT IS SAFE, HEALTHY, AND COMFORTABLE TO
EVERYONE.
WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT BUILDING?
A BUILDING…
•
WHO’S SYSTEMS ARE SELF RELIANT
WITH SENSORS RELAYING DATA
THAT USES THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY
THAT IS THE FUTURE OF BUILDINGS
INTELLIGENT BUILDING
: INTELLIGENT BUILDING ADJUSTS THE INSIDE
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS SUCH AS LIGHTING, VENTILATION, FIRE FIGHTING, AIR
CONDITIONING, ETC. AUTOMATICALLY WITH THE CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER.
THE SECURITY SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, ETC. ARE COORDINATED AND
AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER WORK STATION.
ORDINARY BUILDING
: ORDINARY BUILDING THERE WILL BE DIFFERENT ROOM
CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON THE CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS.
THE SECURITY SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, ETC. ARE NOT
COORDINATED AND AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER WORK
STATION.
ALL INFORMATION ABOUT ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL, ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL (ACP)
ALSO ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL,
(ACM) IS A TYPE OF FLAT PANEL THAT
CONSISTS OF TWO THIN ALUMINIUM
SHEETS BONDED TO A NON ALUMINIUM
CORE. ACPS ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR
EXTERNAL CLADDING OR FACADES OF
BUILDINGS, INSULATION, AND SIGNAGE.
ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL CLADDING
IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF 2" X 1" PLAIN
RECTANGULAR TUBE, ADHESIVE TAPE, ACP
SHEET, WEATHERING SEALANT AND TOP
QUALITY HARDWARE.
Philip johnson- history of architectureSelf employed
ACCORDING TO PHILIP JOHNSON ‘CRUTCHES’ BY WHICH ARCHITECTS EVADE THEIR REAL RESPONSIBILITIES ARE:
HISTORY - JUSTIFYING ELEMENTS WHICH ARE EARLIER USED.
UTILITY - IF UTILITY OF A BUILDING OVERCOMES ARTISTIC INVENTIONS ,THEN IT IS MERELY AN ASSEMBLAGE OF USEFUL PARTS.
DESIGN ACCORDING TO HIS BELIEF – “ TO GO AGAINST THE GRAIN”
DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE – “ HE PRESENTED DESIGN ISSUE IN STRICTLY STYLISTIC TERMS.”
The document discusses the HVAC system at the Gujarat Cancer Hospital & Research Institute in Sidhpur. It defines HVAC as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It describes the basic components and functions of an HVAC system, including controlling air temperature, moisture, and movement. It also lists various applications of air conditioning systems and types of chillers and compressors.
Contour lines on a topographic map represent points of equal elevation and can be used to interpret the three-dimensional shape of the land. There are direct and indirect methods for creating contour maps. The direct method traces contours on the ground while the indirect method interpolates contours between surveyed elevation points. When drawing contours, all adjacent elevation points must be considered to determine the correct path for the contour line to follow while avoiding violations of the rules governing contour characteristics. Contour maps have various uses including drawing cross sections, determining visibility between points, and planning infrastructure routes that account for terrain.
This document provides an overview of surveying and leveling. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of points on earth through direct or indirect measurements. Leveling is a branch of surveying that finds elevations of points with respect to a datum. There are various types of surveys classified by nature, object, or instruments used. Linear measurements can be direct via chaining or indirect using optical/electronic methods. Ranging is used to establish intermediate points when a survey line exceeds the chain length.
Romanesque architecture originated in medieval Europe between 1000-1200 AD. It is characterized by semi-circular arches and thick stone walls with few openings. Churches during this period had massive piers, groin vaults, and large towers to support their weight. Examples include Monreale Cathedral in Sicily with its two projecting towers and elaborate interior, Pisa Cathedral known for its leaning tower and columns cut from single stones, and Durham Cathedral in England notable for its pointed ribbed vaults and tall central tower.
This document provides information on Islamic architecture in India, beginning with the rise of Islam under Qutub-ud-din Aibak in 1206. It discusses important rulers of the Delhi Sultanate like Iltutmish and Razia Sultan. It describes architectural structures built during this period like the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, and Alai Darwaza. It also covers architectural developments under the Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodhi dynasties, highlighting structures such as Tughlaqabad Fort and tombs of sultans. The document thus summarizes the emergence and evolution of Islamic architecture in India over different
Bytheendofthe5th centuryAD,Romehadcompletelydeclined.Ithad beensackedtwiceandwasthenunderoccupation.
ItsinfluencewassignificantlyreducedandtheImpetusfor architecturalinnovationshiftedtotheByzantineEmpire.
This shift also marks the movement from early Christian civilizationtothe Byzantinecivilization.
UndertheByzantineEmperorJustinian,theByzantinestyleof architectureevolved.
Hisinterestinchurchbuildingledtothediscoveryofthegroinvault. .andtheevolutionof theByzantinestyle.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
The document provides information on Hindu temple architecture and its evolution. It discusses key architectural features of temples like the vimana, shikhara, garbhagriha, and mandapas. Specific temples are also summarized, including the Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneswar known for its towering vimana, the Sun Temple in Modhera with its unique alignment and architectural elements, and the Kandariya Mahadev Temple in Khajuraho with its tall, conical roof structures. The document then covers the Dravidian style of temple architecture prominent in South India, including the rock-cut and structural phases of early Pallava temples and features like rathas at Mamallapuram.
The polar regions have a polar climate characterized by lack of warm summers, with average monthly temperatures below 10°C. They cover over 20% of the Earth's surface and result in treeless tundra, glaciers, or permanent ice layers. Precipitation is also very low due to cold air's inability to hold much water vapor, with some areas receiving under 10 inches annually like subtropical deserts. Housing must be built on poles driven into the frozen permafrost ground, while inhabitants live in igloos or skin tents depending on the season.
This document discusses wood as a structural material. It lists 10 common building materials and then focuses on the properties and uses of wood. Some key points:
- Wood has good strength properties, especially in compression parallel to grain. It is also strong in bending but weaker in tension perpendicular to grain.
- Wood is a renewable resource that has low embodied energy to produce, though construction can be more labor intensive.
- Historically, wood was used successfully in aircraft like the De Havilland Mosquito bomber.
- Common structural uses of wood include beams, columns, roofing, walls, floors, formwork, furniture, and agricultural/transport structures. Proper drying and protection from insects/
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
2. Codes Practices
Introduction to Codes of Practice
• Introduction to various building codes in professional practice
emphasizing the importance of codes and regulations to
protect public health, safety and welfare and to ensure
compliance with the local authority.
Application of Codes of Practice
• Understanding the applications of various codes as per various
building types.
• Conducting a comprehensive code search process and
• Representing the above analysis by preparing detailed code
data sheets as applicable in the domain which has been
chosen for the research.
3. • Building codes are a series of ordinances
enacted by a state or local governmental
entity, establishing minimum requirements
that must be met in the construction and
maintenance of buildings.
• The government establishes requirements
and standards to protect people from
unsafe living and working conditions.
Introduction to Building Codes
4. • Ensure public health and safety throughout a building.
• Most have come into play “after-the-fact” as a learning
experience from a major tragedy.
• They are primarily concerned with
• Construction requirements
• Hazardous materials or equipment used in the building
• 75% of all codes and standards deal with fire
• Energy conservation
• Accessibility
PURPOSE OF CODES
5. • A building code is a document containing standardized requirement for the
design & construction of most types of building.
• Codes regulate building construction & building use in order to protect the
health, safety & welfare of the occupant.
• Codes express all aspects of construction including structural integrity, fire
resistance, safe exists, lighting, electrical, energy conservation, plumbing,
sanitary facilities, ventilation, seismic design & correct use of construction
materials. Building codes classify standard by use & apply different
standards to each classification. For example, schools & office buildings
are in separate occupancy category with different performance
requirement.
Whatisbuildingcode?
5
6. • The codes includes various aspect for regulation on design
& construction viz;
• For Planning Building/Development work
• For Structural Design
• For Constructional aspects
• For Building Services (HVAC, electrical, Acoustics, lifts etc.)
• Plumbing Services (Water supply, Sewerage, Drainage, waste
management)
• Landscaping, signs and outdoor display structures
Whatisbuildingcode?
6
7. • The purpose of all these building codes is to
ensure public safety, health & welfare as affected
by building construction.
• This purpose includes:
• Structural strength
• Sanitary equipment
• Light & ventilation
• Fire safety
Whatisbuildingcode?
7
9. • The National Building Code of India (NBC), (a
comprehensive building Code), is a national instrument
providing guidelines for regulating the building construction
activities across the country.
• It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies
involved in building construction works be they Public Works
Departments, other government construction departments,
local bodies or private construction agencies.
WhatisNationalbuildingcode?
9
10. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations,
development control rules and general building requirements;
fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials,
structural design and construction (including safety); and
building and plumbing services.
The National Building Code was first published in 1970 at the
instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983.
Thereafter three major amendments were issued, two in 1987
and the third in 1997.
WhatisNationalbuildingcode?
11. These studies resulted in a recommendation that a
unify theNATIONAL BUILDING CODE be prepared to
building regulations throughout the country.
In 1968 A Report on Economies in Construction Cost’ was
published by planning commission.
It revealed that building bylaws and regulations and some of
the prevailing methods of construction were outmoded; some
designs were over burdened with safety factors; building
bylaws of municipal bodies were outdated etc.
History and Overview -National
buildingcode
12. • The Bureau of Indian Standards was established with the
objective of harmonious development of standardization
activity in India.
• This Bureau, Under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,
1986, established Indian Standards, by a process of
consultation involving consumers, manufacturers,
Government and regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists
and testing laboratories through duly constituted
committees.
History and Overview -National
buildingcode
13. History andOverview -National
building code
The first version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE was
published in 1970. Since the publication in 1970 version of the
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE a large number of comments and
useful suggestions for modifications and additions to different
parts and sections of the code were received.
The revised version of NATIONAL BUILDING CODE of India
was therefore, brought out in 1983
14. Based on the changes effected in the:
• Steel Code,
• Masonry Code
• Loading Codes
• to update Fire Protection Requirements,
three voluminous amendments were brought out to
the 1983 version of the Code,
Two in 1987 and the third in 1997.
15. In the last about two decades since the publication of the 1983
version of the Code, substantial further experience had been
gained in the areas of the
• Building planning,
• Designing and
• Construction.
Intensive efforts involving wide consultative process have
resulted in finalization and publication of the
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005
reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable
international practices.
16. The revised
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF
INDIA – 2005
was formally released on 16th
September 2005
at New Delhi
Amit School of Architecture & Plannin
17. It is the third revision compiled under the aegis
of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
It provides guidelines for regulating building
construction activities across the country.
It has the basic codes for construction
materials, services, systems and processes.
18. CONTENTS OF NBC 2005
• PART 0
• PART1
• PART2
• PART3
• PART4
• PART5
• PART6
• PART7
• PART8
• PART9
• PART 10
INTEGRATED APPROACH – PREREQUISITE FOR
APPLYING PROVISION OF THE CODE
DEFINITIONS
ADMINISTRATION
DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES ANDGENERAL
BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
BUILDING MATERIALS
STRUCTURALDESIGN
CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES ANDSAFETY
BUILDING SERVICES
PLUMBING SERVICES
LANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOORDISPLAY
STRUCTURES
19. Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite
for Applying Provisions of the Code
This part covers guidelines to be followed for judicious
implementation of the provisions of various
parts/sections of the Code.
20. PART 1 : DEFINITIONS
It lists the terms appearing in all the parts/sections of
the National Building Code of India. However, some
common definitions are reproduced in this part also.
21. PART 2:ADMINISTRATION
It covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as:
• Applicability of the Code,
• Organization of building department for enforcement of the
Code,
• Procedure for obtaining development and building permits, and
• Responsibility of the owner and all professionals involved in the
planning, design and construction of the building.
22. PART 3: DEVELOPMENT CONTROLRULES
AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
It covers :
• The development control rules and general building
requirements for proper planning and design at the layout
and building level to ensure health safety, public safety and
desired quality of life.
• Provides provisions for covered area, plinth area, FAR,
amenities, land use classification, height/ size of rooms,
kitchens etc.
23. PART 4: FIRE AND LIFE
SAFETYIt covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety in
relation to fire, and fire protection of buildings. The code
specifies planning and construction features and fire protection
features for all occupancies that are necessary to minimize
danger to life and property.
The code categorizes the buildings as follows:
GroupA - Residential Group B - Educational
Group C - Institutional Group D - Assembly
Group E - Business Group F - Mercantile
Group G - Industrial Group H - Storage
Group J - Hazardous
24. PART 5: BUILDING MATERIALS
It covers the requirements of building materials and
components, and criteria for accepting new or alternative
building materials and components.
25. 29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part:
1. Aluminum & other light materials & theiralloys
2. Bitumen & Tar products
3. Builders hardware's
4. Building chemicals
5. Building lime and products
6. Burnt clay products
7. Cement & concrete (i/c reinforcement)
8. Composite matrix products
9. Conductors & cables
10. Doors/windows & ventilators
11. Electrical wiring & accessories
12. Fillers, stoppers & putties
13. Floor coverings, roofing's & other finishes
14. Glass
15. Gypsum based materials
26. 29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part :
16. Lignocellulosic building materials (timber bamboos etc.)
17. Paints & allied products
18. Polymers, plastics etc.
19. Sanitary appliances & water fittings
20. Soil based blocks
21. Steel & its alloys
22. Stones.
23. Structural sections
24. Thermal insulation materials
25. Threaded fasteners & rivets
26. Unit weight of building materials
27. Water proofing & damp proofing materials
28. Welding electrodes & wires
29. Wire ropes & wire products
27. PART 6 : STRUCTURALDESIGN
both
This part through its seven sections provides for:
• structural adequacy of buildings to deal with
internal and external environment, and
• provide guidance to engineers/ structural engineers
for varied usage of material/ technology types for
building design.
28. Part 6 : Section 1 : Loads,
Forces and Effects
It covers basic design loads to be assumed in the design of
buildings.
The live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, snow loads and
other loads, which are specified herein, are minimum
working loads which should be taken into consideration for
purposes of design.
29. Part 6 : Section
2 : Soils and
Foundations
It covers structural design (principles) of all
building foundations such as raft, pile and other
foundation
serviceability
systems to ensure safety and
without exceeding the permissible
stresses of the materials of foundations and the
bearing capacity of the supporting soil.
30. Part 6 : Section 3A : Timber
It covers the use of structural timber in structures or
elements of structures connected together by
fasteners/ fastening techniques.
31. Part 6 : Section 3B : Bamboo
It covers :
• The use of bamboo for constructional purposes in
structures or elements of the structure,
• Ensuring quality and effectiveness of design and
construction using bamboo.
• Minimum strength data, dimensional and grading
requirements,
• Seasoning, preservative treatment, design and jointing
techniques with bamboo which would facilitate scientific
application and long-term performance of structures.
• Guidelines so as to ensure proper procurement, storage,
precautions and design limitations on bamboo.
32. Part 6 : Section 4 : Masonry
unreinforced load
It covers
• the structural design aspects of
bearing and non-load bearing walls,
• Constructed using various bricks, stones and blocks
permitted in accordance with this section.
• provisions for design of reinforced brick and reinforced
brick concrete floors and roofs.
33. Part 6 : Section 5A:
Plain and Reinforced Concrete
It covers the general structural use of plain and reinforced
concrete.
34. Part 6 : Section 5B : Prestressed
Concrete
It covers the general structural use of pre-stressed
concrete. It covers both work carried out on site and the
manufacture of precast pre-stressed concrete units.
35. Part 6 : Section 6 : Steel
It covers the use of structural steel in general building
construction including the use of hot rolled steel sections
and steel tubes.
36. Part 6 : Section 7 :
Prefabrication and Systems
Building
37. Though desirable for large scale building activities, has yet
to take a firm hold in the country.
Includes a few recommendations on the need to avoid
‘progressive collapse’ of thestructures.
Part 6 : Section 7A :
Prefabricated Concrete:
38. Part 6 : Section 7B : Systems Building and
mixed/ Composite Construction
It covers regarding modularrecommendations
component sizes, joints, manufacture,
prefabricated
planning,
storage,
elements
transport and erection of
for use in buildings and such related
requirements for mixed/composite construction.
39. PART 7 : CONSTRUCTIONAL
PRACTICES AND SAFETY
It covers
• The constructional practices in buildings;
• storage, stacking and handling of materials and
• safety of personnel during construction operations for
all elements of a building and demolition of buildings.
The objective can be best achieved through proper
coordination and working by the project management and
construction management teams.
40. PART 8 :BUILDING
SERVICES
This part through its five elaborate sections on utilities
provides detailed guidance to concerned professionals/
utility engineers for meeting necessary functional
requirements in buildings.
41. Lighting andPart 8 : Section 1 :
Ventilation
It covers requirements and methods for lighting and
ventilation of buildings.
42. Electrical andPART 8 :
Section
2 : Allied
Installations
It covers
• The essential requirements for electrical installations in
buildings to ensure efficient use of electricity including
safety from fire and shock.
• General requirements relating to lightning protection of
buildings.
43. PART 8 : Section 3 : Air conditioning,
Heating and Mechanical Ventilation
of air
This section covers
• The design, construction and installation
conditioning and heating systems and
• equipment installed in buildings for the purpose of
providing and maintaining conditions of air temperature,
humidity, purity and
• Distribution, suitable for the use and occupancy of the
space.
44. PART 8 : Section 4 : Acoustics, Sound
Insulation and Noise Control
It covers, requirements and guidelines regarding planning
against noise, acceptable noise levels and the
requirements for sound insulation in buildings with different
occupancies.
45. Installation ofPART 8 :
Section
5 : Lifts and
Escalators
Amity School of Architecture & Planning
It covers the essential requirements for the installation,
operation, maintenance and also inspection of
(passenger lifts, goods lifts, hospital lifts, service lifts
lifts
and
dumb-waiter lifts) and escalators so as to ensure safe and
satisfactory performance.
46. PART 9 : PLUMBING
SERVICES
This part through its two sections gives detailed guidance
to concerned professionals/ plumbing engineers with
regard to plumbing and other related requirements in
buildings.
47. PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and
Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)
It covers
• The basic requirements of water supply for residential,
types of buildings, including trafficbusiness and other
terminal stations.
to public• General requirements of plumbing connected
water supply and design of water supply systems.
been• Provisions on Rain Water Harvesting have also
included
48. PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and
Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)
It also covers
• The design, layout, construction and maintenance of drains for
foul water, surface water and subsoil water and sewage;
• Together with all ancillary works, such as connections,
manholes and inspection chambers used within the building
and from building to the connection to a public sewer, private
sewer, individual sewage-disposal system, cess-pool, or to
other approved point of disposal/ treatment work.
• It further includes the provisions on solid waste management.
49. PART 9 : Section 2 : Gas Supply
It covers the requirements regarding the safety of persons
and property for all piping uses and for all types of gases
used for fuel or lighting purposes in buildings.
50. PART 10 : Section 1 : Landscape
Planning and Design
It covers requirements of landscape planning and design
with the view to promoting quality of outdoor built
environment and protection of land and its resources.
51. PART 10 : Section 2 :
Signs and Outdoor Display Structures
It covers
• The requirements regard to public
structural safety
with
and fire safety
safety,
of all signs
(advertisements) and outdoor display structures
including the overall aesthetical aspects of imposition
of signs and outdoor display structures in the outdoor
built environment.
• Terminologies related to signages and explanatory
figures have been added.
52. • Inclusion of a complete philosophy and direction for
successfully accomplishing the building projects through
integrated multidisciplinary approach right from conceptual
stage through planning, designing, construction, operation
and maintenance stages.
• A series of reforms in building permit process.
• Provision for ensuring safety of buildings against natural
disaster& certification of structural sufficiency by engineer &
structural engineer.
• Permission of two stage permit for high rise residential and
special buildings.
Salient Features of NBC – 2005
53. Salient Features of NBC – 2005
• Provision for periodic renewal certificate of occupied buildings
from structural, fire, electrical, health safety point of view
• Provision for empowering engineers/architects for sanctioning
plans for residential buildings up to 500 sqm.
• Revision of parking requirements for metro & mega
cities. (mega cities are metros with population more than 50 lacs)
• Up gradation of special requirements for low income housing for
urban areas.
• Inclusion of special requirements for low income
housing for rural habitat planning.
54. hilly• Inclusion of guidelines for development planning for
areas.
• Revisions of the provisions for building and facilities for
physically challenged
• Fire safety norms completely revamped through detailed
provisions on fire prevention, life safety and fire protection
• Inclusion of new categories of starred hotels, heritage
& archeological monuments for fire safety
of halon based fire extinguishers/fire fighting
structures
provisions
• Substitution
system
• Promotion to new/innovative building materials/technologies
Salient Features of NBC – 2005
55. • Inclusion of latest provisions for earthquake resistant design &
construction
• Inclusion of details on multi-disaster prone districts
• Inclusion of new chapter on design & construction using
bamboos
• Chapter on pre-fabricated & composite construction for
speedier construction
• Up gradation of provision of safety in construction.
• Complete revision of provision on building & plumbing
services in line with applicable international practices.
• Provision on Rain Water Harvesting
• Inclusion of new chapter to cover landscaping needs.
Salient Features of NBC – 2005
56. Conclusion
Codes set the minimum criteria. You can follow
stricter requirements at any time.
They are not always perfectly clear. When two
requirements are similar, go with the strictest
requirement
Not all of them will apply to every design situation.
Work with the code official to resolve discrepancies.