This document provides information about administering oxygen therapy, including:
1. It defines oxygen therapy and discusses its indications for treating hypoxemia. Conditions that can cause hypoxemia include cyanosis, breathlessness, anemia, and lung diseases.
2. It describes different methods of oxygen administration including nasal catheters, oxygen masks, nasal cannulas, oxygen tents, and transtracheal oxygen.
3. It discusses the nurse's responsibilities in setting up oxygen therapy, assessing the patient, and monitoring for complications like infection or oxygen toxicity.
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oxygen is very very important for the human being. so i tried here to provide best content from the books and easy way to understand, if you like this slide comment it.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Oxygen therapy
Definition:
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is essential for the body to function properly and to survive.
Oxygen therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen gas to breathe. The oxygen therapy is received from tubes resting in nose, a face mask, or a tube placed n your trachea, or windpipe. This treatment increases the amount of oxygen in lungs to receive and deliver to blood.
What is meaning of O2 therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration of pressure greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere
The air that we breathe contain approximately 21% oxygen
the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood.
Purpose
Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.
The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or injury.
What are the signs that a person needs oxygen
shortness of breath.
headache.
restlessness.
dizziness.
rapid breathing.
chest pain.
confusion.
high blood pressure.
Contd…..
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Short-term therapy, such as post-anesthesia recovery
Oxygen may also be used to treat chronic lung disease patients during exercise .
Methods of oxygen administration:
1- Nasal cannula
Face mask
The simple Oxygen mask
The partial rebreather mask:
The non rebreather mask:
The venturi mask:
The partial rebreather mask:
The mask is have with a reservoir bag must romaine inflated during both inspiration & expiration
It collection of the first parts of the patients' exhaled air.
It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
The non rebreather mask
This mask provides the highest concentration of
oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
It is similar to the partial rebreather mask
except two one-way valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
The bag is an oxygen reservoir
Venturi mask
It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
Oxygen from 40 - 50%
At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
T-piece
Used on end of ET tube when weaning from ventilator
Provides accurate FIO2
Provides good humidity
Documentation:
Date and time oxygen started.
Method of delivery.
Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
Patient observation.
Add oronasal care to the nursing care plan
O2 DELIVERY DEVICES
This presentation contains :-
1.Bowel washing
2. Defination of bowel washing
3. Purpose of bowel washing
4. Solution used for bowel washing
5. Temperature of solution while during bowel washing
6. Articles use for bowel washing
7. Procedure of bowel washing
8. Insertion of flatus tube
9. Insertion of flatus tube
Oxygen therapy
Definition:
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is essential for the body to function properly and to survive.
Oxygen therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen gas to breathe. The oxygen therapy is received from tubes resting in nose, a face mask, or a tube placed n your trachea, or windpipe. This treatment increases the amount of oxygen in lungs to receive and deliver to blood.
What is meaning of O2 therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration of pressure greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere
The air that we breathe contain approximately 21% oxygen
the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood.
Purpose
Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.
The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or injury.
What are the signs that a person needs oxygen
shortness of breath.
headache.
restlessness.
dizziness.
rapid breathing.
chest pain.
confusion.
high blood pressure.
Contd…..
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Short-term therapy, such as post-anesthesia recovery
Oxygen may also be used to treat chronic lung disease patients during exercise .
Methods of oxygen administration:
1- Nasal cannula
Face mask
The simple Oxygen mask
The partial rebreather mask:
The non rebreather mask:
The venturi mask:
The partial rebreather mask:
The mask is have with a reservoir bag must romaine inflated during both inspiration & expiration
It collection of the first parts of the patients' exhaled air.
It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
The non rebreather mask
This mask provides the highest concentration of
oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
It is similar to the partial rebreather mask
except two one-way valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
The bag is an oxygen reservoir
Venturi mask
It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
Oxygen from 40 - 50%
At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
T-piece
Used on end of ET tube when weaning from ventilator
Provides accurate FIO2
Provides good humidity
Documentation:
Date and time oxygen started.
Method of delivery.
Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
Patient observation.
Add oronasal care to the nursing care plan
O2 DELIVERY DEVICES
This presentation contains :-
1.Bowel washing
2. Defination of bowel washing
3. Purpose of bowel washing
4. Solution used for bowel washing
5. Temperature of solution while during bowel washing
6. Articles use for bowel washing
7. Procedure of bowel washing
8. Insertion of flatus tube
9. Insertion of flatus tube
Oxygen Therapy, Indications, procedure, precautions, different ways of oxygen delivery
Presented by Ganga Tiwari (BSC. Nursing Fourth Year , TU, IOM, MNC, Kathmandu Nepal)
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
3. STUDENT INFORMATION
– NAME OF THE GUIDED : Mrs KAMALI FATHIMA MADAM
– NAME OF THE STUDENT : Mr G.O.V. KINGSON
– NAME OF THE TOPIC :
– METHOD OF TEACHING : LECTURE METHOD
– AV- AIDS : PPT,BLACK BOARD
– NAME OF THE GROUP : 3rd B.sc nursing
– NAME OF THE SUBJECT : MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
7. INTRODUCTION
Patients with respiratory dysfunction
are treated with oxygen inhalation to relieve
Anoxemia or hypoxemia. The normal amount of
oxygen in the arterial blood should be in the
range of 80 to 100 mm of Hg. Tissues vary in
their oxygen requirements.
the cerebral cells receives 20% of the body’s
oxygen supply, and if oxygen is not supplied to
brain, the can live only few minute[5-7 min] .
9. LUNGS
The lungs are the essential organs of
respiration their main function is to oxygenate
blood. They are present in the thoracic cavity.
In the healthy people, who live in a clean
environment ( are pink in color). People living in
polluted areas are dark in color, due to the
accumulation of dust or carbon particles.
Each lung is in conical shape is enveloped by
double layer serous membrane called as pleura.
The lungs are separated from each other by the
heart and great vessels in the middle mediastinum.
17. CELLS OF ALVEOLI
TYPE-1 TYPE- 2
Secrets mast cells
which responsible
for phagocytocis.
surfactant
Responsible for over
expansion of alveoli
and prevents lung
colapse
18. diaphragm
It is dome shaped muscular organ
situated between the thoracic and abdominal
cavity. Phrenic nerve is responsible for
diaphragmatic movements.
OESOPHAGUS
ABDOMINAL
AORTA
INFERIOR
VENA CAVA
OPENIGS
19. LUNG VOLUME
TIDAL VOLUME = 500ML
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = 3300 ML
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = 1000 ML
RESIDUAL VOLUME = 1200 ML
21. Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administrations of oxygen
at concentrations greater than that in room air
to treat or prevent hypoxemia ( not enough
oxygen in the blood ).
oxygen delivery systems can be
administered by different methods.
23. CYNOSIS
CYANOSIS is defined as the bluish discolor of the
skin, and mucus membranes resulting from
the decreased amount of oxygen in the HB of
blood
25. ANAEMIA
It is the deficiency of either quality or quantity
of red corpuscles in the blood giving rise to
symptoms of anoxemia
26. • Diseases (or) conditions in the alveoli of lungs
that interfere with the exchange of oxygen across
the alveoli capillary membrane
e.g. : pulmonary edema
• poisoning with chemicals that alter the tissues
ability to utilize oxygen
e.g. : cyanide poisoning
• Shock and circulatory failure
• Hemorrhage
• Asphyxia
29. 1.NASAL CATHETR
• This the most common method of oxygen
administration. In this the nasal catheter is
inserted into the nostril reaching upto the uvla
is held in the place of adhesive tapes. The
catheter does not interfere with patient
freedom to eat, to talk , to move in bed. The
flow of 1-4 ltrs of oxygen is sufficient to
maintain the concentration of 20 – 30% of
oxygen.
31. 2.OXYGEN MASK
An oxygen mask is device used to administer the oxygen
humidity. There are two primary types of mask can be
used to deliver oxygen concentration of 24% to
28%,30%,35%,40%,
55% with oxygen flow rates of 2to 3,4,5,6,8,14 l/min
respectively simple face mask is used for short oxygen
therapy. it fits loosely and deliver oxygen concentration
from 30-60%. If mask does not fix snugly over the face,
oxygen will be lost from the masks flow of 8 to 13 ltrs
of oxygen will be necessary to maintain the
concentration of 25-60% of oxygen.
33. 3.NASAL CANNULA:
A Nasal cannula is a simple, comfortable device.
The two cannula about 1.5cm long , protrude
from the centre of a disposable tube and are
inserted into the nose. Oxygen is delivered via
the cannula with the flow rate of upon to 4
L/min. Higher flow rates dry air mucosa and
do not further increased inspired oxygen
concentrations.
37. 4.Oxygen tent:
An oxygen tent consist of canopy over the
patients bed that may cover the patient fully
or partially and it is connected to a supply of
oxygen. The lower part of the canopy is tucked
under the bed to prevent the escape of
oxygen. The advantage and disadvantage for
using a oxygen tent.
40. ADVANTAGES:
• It provides an environment for the patient
with controlled oxygen concentrations,
temperature regulations etc.
• Freedom for free movements in bed ( mostly
helpful in babies)
41. DISADVANTAGES:
• Loss of desired concentrations occurs each
time the tent is opened to provide care for
patients
• There is an increased chance of fire
• It requires much time and effort to clean and
maintain a tent
42. 5.TRANSTRACHEAL OXYGEN:
This is a method of oxygen delivery for clients, with
chronic lung diseases, in which a small
intravenous size catheter is inserted directly into
the trachea through a surgical tract in lower
neck.
This method is of advantage in clients, who
receive continuous oxygen administrations
because
43. It is less expensive as there is no less of
oxygen to the atmosphere
Since oxygen reaches the trachea directly
clients achieve adequate oxygenation at lower
flow rate
Client tend to use oxygen as prescribed
because of the mobility , comfort
improvement.
49. • It must be prescribed and administered in
specific close in order to avoid oxygen toxicity.
• When using an oxygen cylinder, use a
regulator and humidifier.
• Every part of the apparatus should be clean to
prevent infection.
• Change the catheter at least every 8 hours.
• Lubricate the nasal catheter before
administration.
• Oxygen administration must never be stopped
until factors that caused hypoxia are reversed.
50. • when oxygen therapy is discontinued, it
should be done gradually.
• When the nurse leaves the patient even for
short period. She should leave a calling signal
near patient.
• Watch the patients receiving oxygen therapy
continuously to detect the early signs of
oxygen toxicity.
52. PREPARATIONS OF ARTICLES
Oxygen cylinder, with its stand and accessories check
and are whether the whole system works in good
condition.
A tray containing
Nasal catheter of appropriate size, clean
and sterile or disposable type in the
covered container
Water soluble lubricating jelly
Bowl of water
Flash light and tongue depressor
Cotton application
Mackintosh and towel
Gauge pieces in a container.
53. PREPARATIONS OF PATIENT AND
ENVIRONMENTS;
Explain the procedure
Instruct the patient, family members and visitors.
Explanation the safety precautions required
during the oxygen therapy.
Put up the instruction regarding fire precautions
in the unit. Eg : remove cigars and matches etc.
Assemble the equipment, and arrange them
conveniently in the unit.
Place the pt in a comfortable position( fowlers )
Clean the nostrils, if there is crust formation.
Protect the bed and the garments by spreading
the mackintosh and towel.
54. PROCEDURE:
1. Wash the hands
2. Measure the length of the nasal catheter to be introduced into the
nostrils. Measure the length of catheter from the tip of the nose to ear
lobe. Mark the length ink
3. Check the apparatus for the working condition open the main value in anti
clock wise direction. Look for the pressure reading on the gauge. Open the
wheel value on the reading on the flow meter and adjust the flow of
oxygen 2-4 liter for adult use ( or ) as desired. When the wheel value is
opened, the oxygen will start bubbling through the water in the wolfs
bottle
4. Lubricate the tip of the catheter with water soluble jelly and then check
the flow by immersing in water.
5. Introduce catheter slowly into one of the nostrils to the previously
marked distance . If any obstruction is encountered withdraw the catheter
a little, rotate it and introduce it again never use force.
6. Check the position of the catheter inside , it can be checked by asking the
patient to open his mouth widely depressing the tongue depressor
directing the flash light into the throat.
7. Fix the catheter either over the forehead ( or ) at the check with adhesive
stapes.
56. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
Check the name, bed number and other identification
of the patient.
Check the diagnosis and the need of oxygen therapy
Check the doctors order for specific precautions
regarding the movement and positioning of the
patient.
Assess the patient for any signs of clients anemia.
Eg; cyanosis
Check the patients mental state and the ability to
follow instructions.
Check the articles available in the unit and the oxygen
cylinder and its accessories for their functions.