Narcotics are drugs that are derived from opium or produce opium-like effects. Examples include morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone, and methadone. Opium was first used and abused in China hundreds of years ago. Narcotics are highly addictive and prolonged use can lead to both physical and mental health effects as well as social consequences. They are associated with crime and societal issues.
This ppt / lecture contains all the necessary information like Manufacturing / Source, Chemical Structures, Process of Extraction, Effects, Overdose and Withdrawal Symptoms, Forensic Analsys about Narcotic Drugs like Opium, Morphine, Heroine, Cannabis, Cocaine, Mandrax, LSD, Methaqualone, Mecloqualone and Psychotropic Substances like Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines.
this is the introduction of narcotics and psychotropic substances. it is useful to all who want to learn about the narcotics and psychotropic substances
Drug dependence
It is a physical or psychological condition resulting from repeated administration of mood-altering drugs.
It is a state characterized by a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its euphoriogenic effects.
If a mood-altering drug is unavailable, then the individual develops certain withdrawal symptoms.
Physical dependence + Psychological dependence
Drug addiction
Drug habituation
Drug abuse
Habit-forming drug
A drug is something that affects your body. Drugs must to pass through the body and into the brain.
In pharmacology, a pharmaceutical drugcalled a medication or medicine
It is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, ordiagnose a disease
This ppt / lecture contains all the necessary information like Manufacturing / Source, Chemical Structures, Process of Extraction, Effects, Overdose and Withdrawal Symptoms, Forensic Analsys about Narcotic Drugs like Opium, Morphine, Heroine, Cannabis, Cocaine, Mandrax, LSD, Methaqualone, Mecloqualone and Psychotropic Substances like Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines.
this is the introduction of narcotics and psychotropic substances. it is useful to all who want to learn about the narcotics and psychotropic substances
Drug dependence
It is a physical or psychological condition resulting from repeated administration of mood-altering drugs.
It is a state characterized by a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its euphoriogenic effects.
If a mood-altering drug is unavailable, then the individual develops certain withdrawal symptoms.
Physical dependence + Psychological dependence
Drug addiction
Drug habituation
Drug abuse
Habit-forming drug
A drug is something that affects your body. Drugs must to pass through the body and into the brain.
In pharmacology, a pharmaceutical drugcalled a medication or medicine
It is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, ordiagnose a disease
Drug addiction is complex illness characterized by compulsive and uncontrollable drug
craving, seeking and use that persists even in the face of extremely negative
consequences. Drug abuse and its disorders are the result of complex interaction of
sociological, biological and physiological factors. With the easy availability of semi-
synthetic products like heroin the abuse can be associated with more than one factors.
Tolerance means diminishing effect of the same dose of a drug or the need
to increase the dose to get a similar effect.
Habituation is the emotional or psychological need felt for a drug.
Dependence is the physical need to take the drug.
1.Opiates
Common signs of opioid addiction
2.Morphine
3.Heroin
. Biological effects of morphine and heroin
. Social effects of morphine and heroin
. Causal factors in opiate abuse and dependence
. Addiction associated with psychopathology
. DSM-5 Diagnostic criteria For OUD
. Treatment
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. Narcotics are drugs that are naturally derived from opium or
produce effects like opium that are highly addictive.
Examples include morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone,
methadone, and cocaine.
3. Narcotics in the form of opium were first used and abused in
China. Smoking and abusing it was a common practice that
was seen as completely normal. This went on for hundreds of
years until addiction was seen negatively. This did not slow
down even after this was discovered.
Egyptian hieroglyphs show that opium poppy was used by
Romans and Egyptians for pain relief.
The upper class in the age of Hippocrates smoked opium as
mood altering substances.
The leaf of the poppy was chewed beginning in the 1700’s for
relaxation.
Beginning in 1806, morphine began to be extracted from the
poppy flower. It was used for surgeries and giving birth as
analgesia.
4. In 1853, opiates were more widely abused due to the
invention of the hypodermic needle.
In the 20th century, morphine was used extensively for
medical pain relief. It was used more for medical purposes as
time went on.
Synthetic forms of morphine began to be made for medicinal
purposes by the middle 1900’s. Drugs with more tolerable
side effects and better pain management continued to be
developed.
Now, narcotics are especially associated with crime and
severe addiction.
5. Narcotics can be taken orally
as pills, inhaled by smoking,
injected by a hypodermic
needle, the leaves of the
poppy plant can be chewed,
and cocaine is snorted.
The effects are immediate
attaching to the painkilling
sites controlling the release
of endorphins. The opiate
receptors are in the brain,
spinal chord, and intestines.
6. Narcotics are also called
◦ Brown sugar
◦ Chasing the dragon
◦ China White
◦ Crank
◦ Dope
◦ Horse
◦ Junk
7. There are a variety of classifications for different types of
narcotics.
Schedule I- Heroin
Schedule II- Cocaine, hydrocodone, methadone,
hydromorphone, meperidine, oxycodone,
Schedule III- <15 mg of Hydrocodone/ dosage, 90 mg
codeine/ dosage
Schedule V- <200 mg codeine
8. Alcohol hydroxyl and methyl groups and morphine sulfate are
common in narcotics.
9. Prolonged use produces
◦ Physical effects
Tolerance
Dependence
Increased risk of blood borne diseases
Renal failure
Risk of overdose
Organ damage
◦ Mental effects
Anxiety
Psychological dependence
◦ Social effects
Broken relationships
Antisocial behavior
◦ Legal Consequences
Jail time for possession
Arrest on permanent record with future consequences
10. Nervous System
◦ Short-term- Lethargy, drowsiness, hallucinations, suppression of pain
◦ Long-term- Loss of endorphin production, loss of coordination, slow
movement, brain disorders, seizures
Cardiovascular System
◦ Short-term- reduced heart rate
◦ Long-term- collapsed veins, slower heart rate, infection of heart valves
Digestive System
◦ Short-term- constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
◦ Long-term- intestinal slowing, liver malfunction
Respiratory System
◦ Short-term- difficulty breathing
◦ Long-term- pneumonia
11. Some narcotics are used to relieve extreme pain that is not
controlled by milder substances. They can not be used for
longer than four months due to their highly addictive nature.
They are often taken when needed.
Morphine is given near death to ease pain and discomfort.
Narcotics such as heroin are not used for any medicinal
purpose at the present.
12. Mixing alcohol with pain pills or heroin can stop breathing,
increase risk of overdose, and cause coma and death.
Mixing alcohol with cocaine raises the heart rate extremely
high and can cause a heart attack.
13. Narcotics are extremely addictive, so they can tear apart
families and society.
Crime is especially associated with narcotics and results in
many people incarcerated per year. Loss of productivity
affects society.
Narcotics are very dangerous to society and the health of
society and individuals.
14. Click on the correct answers based on the
information.
24. Eddy, Nathan B. "The History of the Development of Narcotics." Duke University, n.d. Web. 13 July
2014. <http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701&context=lcp>.
"Pain Medications- Narcotics." Medline Plus. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007489.htm>.
"Drug Factuals." Youth on Drugs. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://youthondrugs.com/drugs/narcotics>.
"History of Narcotics." Narcotics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.narcotics.com/history/>.
"Narcotics Effects." Narcotics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.narcotics.com/effects/>.
"Narcotic Abuse." N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.healthcommunities.com/narcotic-
abuse/overview-of-narcotic-abuse.shtml>.
"Drug Scheduling." Drug Enforcement Administration. DEA, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml>.
"Opiate History and Chemical Structures." Drug Testing Matters. National Laboratory Certification
Program, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://datia.org/eNews/2011/NLCP_DTM_Bourland_Opiates_Part1_12Dec2011.pdf>.
"Opiate." ISATE. TOADS, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.isate.memphis.edu/opiate.html>.
"Morphine." PubChem Compound. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5288826>.
"You Are Caught With Drugs." Just Think Twice. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.justthinktwice.com/consequences/you_are_caught_with_drugs.html>.
25. "What are the effects of narcotics abuse?." Livestrong.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
<http://www.livestrong.com/article/119889-effects-narcotics-abuse/>.
"End of Life: Helping with Comfort and Care." National Institute on Aging. U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014. <http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/end-life-
helping-comfort-and-care/providing-comfort-end-life>.
"Mixing Alcohol With Other Drugs." SCU Wellness Center. Santa Clara University, n.d. Web. 13 July
2014. <http://www.scu.edu/wellness/topics/alcohol/mixingalcohol.cfm>.
