opioid addiction
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This document discusses substance abuse, specifically related to opioids. It defines addiction and intoxication, provides a brief history of opioid use dating back to 3000 BC, and outlines the typical pathways that lead to opioid addiction. It also includes statistics on prescription drug abuse and lists common opioid substances. The effects of opioids are described relating to the central nervous system, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract. Signs of opioid intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction are outlined. Nursing diagnoses for those with substance abuse issues are risk for injury, ineffective denial, and ineffective coping.
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Opiod Dependence
This document discusses the opioid epidemic in the United States. It provides definitions of opioid dependence and abuse, and details the epidemiology and costs of the crisis. The neuropharmacology and clinical effects of opioids are described. Methadone and buprenorphine are discussed as treatments for opioid dependence, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, administration, and safety profiles. Buprenorphine is presented as a promising alternative to methadone with a lower risk of respiratory depression.
Rebecca Haffajee, "Opioid Addiction: Legal and Public Health Responses"
Rebecca Haffajee, "Opioid Addiction: Legal and Public Health Responses"The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics
Part of the "Fourth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review" held at Harvard Law School on January 29, 2016.
This symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2015 and what to watch out for in 2016. The discussion covered hot topics in such areas as health insurance, health care systems, public health, innovation, and other issues facing clinicians and patients.
This year's Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, the New England Journal of Medicine, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund at Harvard University.
Visit our website for more information: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/fourth-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review. Affects of Substance Abuse on Mental Health - Opioids (Narcotics)
This slideshow is an endeavour to inculcate awareness and educate the youth and their parents about the usage, identification and affects of Narcotics (Opiods) Abuse.
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF OPIATE DEPENDENCE
This document provides an overview of the pharmacologic treatment of opiate dependence, including:
- A historical perspective on approaches to treatment such as methadone maintenance and more recent developments like buprenorphine.
- An explanation of how opioid agonists like methadone and buprenorphine work in the brain and body to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings while blocking the effects of other opioids.
- Guidance on patient selection criteria for buprenorphine treatment and considerations around its use as a replacement therapy in office-based settings to expand treatment access.
Opioid withdrawal update3[1]
Opioids are a class of drugs that have morphine-like effects on the central nervous system. They are commonly used analgesics but prolonged use can lead to tolerance and dependence. Opioid withdrawal can be managed in the hospital setting using buprenorphine or methadone to relieve symptoms, along with supportive medications for nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea and sleeplessness. It is important for hospital staff to continue patients' opioid maintenance treatment and provide adequate pain relief while avoiding precipitated withdrawal.
Opioids
This document summarizes the history and uses of opioids such as morphine and heroin for pain relief. It discusses how opioids work in the body and brain to reduce pain sensations. It also outlines the risks of addiction and overdose from opioid use as well as treatments for managing pain and opioid dependence.
Chapter 10 Opiates
Opiate drugs like opium, morphine, and heroin have been used for centuries to relieve pain but also carry high risks of addiction and dependence. While initially hailed as a treatment for pain, opiates like heroin became a major problem in the late 19th century as addiction rose. Today, prescription opiate drug abuse has increased dramatically in the US, with drugs like Oxycontin being misused. Opiates work in the brain by mimicking endorphins and reducing pain, but long term use leads to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Opioids dependence and management
This document discusses opioid dependence and addiction. It begins with an overview of opioids and their mechanism of action in the body. It then defines addiction, dependence, and tolerance. The mechanisms of dependence and addiction involve both negative reinforcement from withdrawal and positive reinforcement from rewarding effects. Physical dependence theory and positive incentive theory are described as models of addiction. The document outlines treatment options including drug substitution therapy with methadone or buprenorphine, abstinence-based treatment, and psychosocial treatments. It discusses opioid withdrawal and post-acute withdrawal syndrome. The six stages of recovery are defined. Special considerations for treating opioid addicts are noted.
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This document discusses the opioid epidemic in the United States. It provides definitions of opioid dependence and abuse, and details the epidemiology and costs of the crisis. The neuropharmacology and clinical effects of opioids are described. Methadone and buprenorphine are discussed as treatments for opioid dependence, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, administration, and safety profiles. Buprenorphine is presented as a promising alternative to methadone with a lower risk of respiratory depression.
Rebecca Haffajee, "Opioid Addiction: Legal and Public Health Responses"
Rebecca Haffajee, "Opioid Addiction: Legal and Public Health Responses"The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics
Part of the "Fourth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review" held at Harvard Law School on January 29, 2016.
This symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2015 and what to watch out for in 2016. The discussion covered hot topics in such areas as health insurance, health care systems, public health, innovation, and other issues facing clinicians and patients.
This year's Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, the New England Journal of Medicine, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund at Harvard University.
Visit our website for more information: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/fourth-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review. Affects of Substance Abuse on Mental Health - Opioids (Narcotics)
This slideshow is an endeavour to inculcate awareness and educate the youth and their parents about the usage, identification and affects of Narcotics (Opiods) Abuse.
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF OPIATE DEPENDENCE
This document provides an overview of the pharmacologic treatment of opiate dependence, including:
- A historical perspective on approaches to treatment such as methadone maintenance and more recent developments like buprenorphine.
- An explanation of how opioid agonists like methadone and buprenorphine work in the brain and body to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings while blocking the effects of other opioids.
- Guidance on patient selection criteria for buprenorphine treatment and considerations around its use as a replacement therapy in office-based settings to expand treatment access.
Opioid withdrawal update3[1]
Opioids are a class of drugs that have morphine-like effects on the central nervous system. They are commonly used analgesics but prolonged use can lead to tolerance and dependence. Opioid withdrawal can be managed in the hospital setting using buprenorphine or methadone to relieve symptoms, along with supportive medications for nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea and sleeplessness. It is important for hospital staff to continue patients' opioid maintenance treatment and provide adequate pain relief while avoiding precipitated withdrawal.
Opioids
This document summarizes the history and uses of opioids such as morphine and heroin for pain relief. It discusses how opioids work in the body and brain to reduce pain sensations. It also outlines the risks of addiction and overdose from opioid use as well as treatments for managing pain and opioid dependence.
Chapter 10 Opiates
Opiate drugs like opium, morphine, and heroin have been used for centuries to relieve pain but also carry high risks of addiction and dependence. While initially hailed as a treatment for pain, opiates like heroin became a major problem in the late 19th century as addiction rose. Today, prescription opiate drug abuse has increased dramatically in the US, with drugs like Oxycontin being misused. Opiates work in the brain by mimicking endorphins and reducing pain, but long term use leads to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Opioids dependence and management
This document discusses opioid dependence and addiction. It begins with an overview of opioids and their mechanism of action in the body. It then defines addiction, dependence, and tolerance. The mechanisms of dependence and addiction involve both negative reinforcement from withdrawal and positive reinforcement from rewarding effects. Physical dependence theory and positive incentive theory are described as models of addiction. The document outlines treatment options including drug substitution therapy with methadone or buprenorphine, abstinence-based treatment, and psychosocial treatments. It discusses opioid withdrawal and post-acute withdrawal syndrome. The six stages of recovery are defined. Special considerations for treating opioid addicts are noted.
Opioid use disorders
This document discusses substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. It defines key terms related to substance dependence and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, mechanisms of action, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid use disorder. The treatment of opioid use disorder involves opioid substitution therapy, with methadone and buprenorphine being the most commonly used replacement therapies globally. The history and goals of opioid substitution therapy in Nepal are also summarized.
Opioids - Basics. Therapies. Overdose crisis. - AMHO 2017 - part A
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This document provides an overview and summary of an educational workshop on opioids. The workshop aimed to provide information on opioid drugs and therapies, discuss the overdose crisis, and address misunderstandings and stigma. It includes facilitator contact information, learning objectives, and anonymous participant survey responses on topics like primary work area, changes in overdose deaths from 2003-2015, identification of benzodiazepines, and attitudes towards opioid agonist therapies like methadone and Suboxone.Clinical Aspects of Buprenorphine Therapy in the HIV Primary Care Setting
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In this webinar, clinicians from two Ryan White clinics with successful buprenorphine programs describe what buprenorphine is, how it works, what opioids do to the brain, how buprenorphine differs from methadone, important drug-drug interactions, the concept of precipitated withdrawal and how to recognize it, how to determine patient eligibility, and clinical aspects of working with opiod-addicted people living with HIV.
Presenters Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez, MD, (CORE Center in Chicago), and Jacqueline Tulsky, MD (University of California at San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital), also describe the challenges and successes of the SPNS buprenorphine projects at their institutions.
Visit the Integrating HIV Innovative Practices webpage to learn more about integrating buprenorphine into HIV primary care settings and to access additional training materials.
Psychotropic drugs
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This document summarizes opioids and their use as analgesics. It discusses:
1. The classification of opioids including natural alkaloids like morphine and codeine, semi-synthetic opioids like heroin, and synthetic opioids like fentanyl and methadone.
2. The mechanism of action of opioids, which involves binding to mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
3. Important opioids like morphine, codeine, fentanyl, methadone, and tramadol as well as mixed agonist-antagonists and opioid antagonists.
Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
Opiates are made from opium, which comes from the poppy plant. They can have important medical benefits—they're powerful painkillers, they are sometimes prescribed to control severe diarrhea, and they can also be found in cough medicine. Maybe you've heard of drugs called Vicodin, morphine or codeine. These are examples of opiates. When used properly for medical purposes, they can be very helpful. Opiates used without a doctor's prescription or in ways other than how they are prescribed, can be dangerous and addictive.
Heroin is another example of an opiate, but it isn't used as a medicine—it's used to get high.
2014 opioids eastern or ems conference
This document discusses opioids and opioid overdoses. It begins with an introduction to opioids and their history of medical use. It then provides objectives which include discussing the pharmacology, epidemiology, and treatment of opioids. The presenter is introduced as having 15 years of paramedic experience. Various resources for educating oneself on opioids are provided, including Erowid.org and SAMHSA data on drug abuse. Statistics on the epidemiology of opioid overdoses from these sources are presented. Common opioids like heroin, oxycodone, fentanyl, and methadone are described. Naloxone is discussed as the first-line treatment for opioid overdoses. Considerations for naloxone administration
Opioids
Opioids are powerful pain relievers that include drugs like codeine, oxycodone, morphine, and heroin. While opioids are used medically to treat pain, dependence and addiction can develop with prolonged use. Withdrawal symptoms like rapid breathing, sweating, and diarrhea appear when use stops. Prolonged opioid use can also lead to complications like lung damage, infections from unsterilized needles, and neurological issues. Babies born to mothers using opioids may experience withdrawal. Treatment options include medication to block opioid effects and long-term therapeutic communities.
Opoids poisoning
The document discusses opioid poisoning from substances derived from the opium poppy plant like morphine and codeine. It notes that opioids work by stimulating receptors in the central nervous system, causing sedation and respiratory depression which can lead to respiratory failure and death. Symptoms of acute opioid poisoning range from euphoria to vomiting and lethargy while chronic use can cause depression, weight loss, and social withdrawal. Treatment focuses on maintaining breathing and circulation along with the antidote naloxone to reverse effects while also providing supportive care and counseling.
Opioids analgesics medichem i
Opioids are narcotic analgesics that bind to opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems to relieve pain. The major opioid receptors are mu, kappa, and sigma. Opioids produce analgesia by inhibiting neurotransmitter release presynaptically and by hyperpolarizing neurons postynaptically. Opioids are classified as agonist, agonist-antagonist, partial agonist, or antagonist depending on their receptor activity. Common opioids include morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, pethidine, tramadol, methadone, fentanyl, remifentanil, buprenorphine, and naltrexone.
Suboxone Salsitz Slides
This document provides an overview of buprenorphine and its use in office-based treatment of opioid dependence. It discusses the pharmacology of buprenorphine, including how it acts as a partial opioid agonist and has a ceiling effect. It also outlines the legislation that allowed qualified physicians to treat opioid addiction with buprenorphine, reviews the induction and maintenance treatment process, and discusses outcomes research showing buprenorphine is effective for both detoxification and long-term maintenance treatment.
Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) of Opiad Dependence Christina M. Delos Re...
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List three different types of MAT (medication-assisted treatment) for opioid dependence
Describe the mechanism of action and the proper dosing for three different types of MAT for opioid dependence
Review common barriers to using MAT in a variety of treatment settings.
Buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid dependence
Buprenorphine can be used in the treatment of opioid dependence, stop withdrawal sickness, and allow the patient to detox with comfort.
Narcotic
This document provides an overview of narcotic drugs. It begins with definitions, noting that narcotics are also known as opioids and were originally substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. The document then covers the history of narcotics, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, common opioids like morphine, heroin, codeine and methadone, how they work in the body, their medical uses and regulation under drug schedules. Side effects of several major narcotics are also summarized.
Opiates & opioids intoxication and treatment
The document discusses opiate intoxication and treatment. It covers the history, physical exam findings, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of opiate overdose. Key signs of overdose include depressed consciousness, respiratory depression, miosis, and fresh needle marks. Treatment involves supportive care, naloxone to reverse effects, activated charcoal if ingestion was recent, and monitoring for complications like withdrawal symptoms, infections from needle use, or acute lung injury.
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This document discusses opioids, opioid overdoses, and the treatment of opioid poisoning. It defines opioids and describes their therapeutic effects and adverse effects. An opioid overdose occurs when the body ingests more opioids than it can handle, attacking receptors that control breathing. Treatment for an opioid overdose includes administering the opioid antagonist naloxone, which competitively binds to opioid receptors to rapidly reverse the effects of respiratory depression.
PPt on Opioid Analgesics for paramedical students (BPT/BSc Nursing)
- Morphine is the prototypical opioid analgesic extracted from the opium poppy. It acts primarily on mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system to produce analgesia.
- Morphine administration results in pain relief, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and a risk of tolerance and physical dependence developing with chronic use.
- While morphine remains a gold standard for pain treatment, its use requires precautions around side effects like respiratory depression, especially in high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions.
Addictive and psychotropic drugs
Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the central nervous system and affect brain function, resulting in changes to perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. They have therapeutic uses such as anesthetics and for treating psychiatric disorders. Historically, psychoactive drugs have been used for medicinal purposes dating back thousands of years. Commonly used psychoactive drugs include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and those used for anxiety, euphoria and pain management. While some have medical uses, psychoactive drugs can also be abused and lead to addiction. Their legal status varies depending on the substance and jurisdiction.
Why do people abuse narcotics
Narcotics produce euphoria and sedation in the central nervous system, which leads to their abuse. Abusers describe a "rush" feeling from injected heroin. Regular narcotic use during pregnancy can cause physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms in newborns. Narcotic abuse carries health risks like overdose and disease from unsafe drug use practices. Tolerance to narcotics develops with continued use, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effects.
Opoid poisoning
Opioid overdose is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing an estimated 69,000 people per year. Opioids depress the respiratory drive, leading to apnea, reduced breathing rate, hypoxemia, cerebral hypoxia, and cardiac arrest. Prolonged cerebral hypoxia from impaired breathing is the main mechanism of brain injury and death in opioid overdoses. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse the effects of opioid overdose when administered promptly through various routes such as IV, IM, SC, or intranasally. It displaces opioids from receptors and restores normal breathing without abuse potential.
Opiods: An Overview fo Prehospital Providers
Robert S. Cole, Paramedic, wrote a comprehensive review on opioid abuse for EMS personnel dated May 31st, 2006. The review discusses how opium has been used for millennia to relieve suffering, but modern medicine remains dependent on it while it also finances criminal and terrorist groups. The introduction notes how people have long sought ways to alter perceptions and how opium was one of the earliest substances used for this, with a quote from Thomas Sydenham on its efficacy for relieving suffering.
Opioid analgesic
This document discusses opioid analgesics, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and effects. It begins by defining analgesics, opioids, opiates, and narcotics. It then discusses the opioid morphine in depth, including its pharmacological effects in the central nervous system and peripherally. Other opioids discussed include pethidine, methadone, tramadol, endogenous opioid peptides, and opioid receptor antagonists such as naloxone. The document provides an overview of the classification, properties, uses, and adverse effects of various opioid analgesics.
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This document discusses substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. It defines key terms related to substance dependence and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, mechanisms of action, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid use disorder. The treatment of opioid use disorder involves opioid substitution therapy, with methadone and buprenorphine being the most commonly used replacement therapies globally. The history and goals of opioid substitution therapy in Nepal are also summarized.
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Presenters Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez, MD, (CORE Center in Chicago), and Jacqueline Tulsky, MD (University of California at San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital), also describe the challenges and successes of the SPNS buprenorphine projects at their institutions.
Visit the Integrating HIV Innovative Practices webpage to learn more about integrating buprenorphine into HIV primary care settings and to access additional training materials.
Psychotropic drugs
Psychotropic drugs are the drugs which affect the psychic behavior of an individual and they include all form of drugs which are dangerous in high dose and can be leathal
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This document summarizes opioids and their use as analgesics. It discusses:
1. The classification of opioids including natural alkaloids like morphine and codeine, semi-synthetic opioids like heroin, and synthetic opioids like fentanyl and methadone.
2. The mechanism of action of opioids, which involves binding to mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
3. Important opioids like morphine, codeine, fentanyl, methadone, and tramadol as well as mixed agonist-antagonists and opioid antagonists.
Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
Opiates are made from opium, which comes from the poppy plant. They can have important medical benefits—they're powerful painkillers, they are sometimes prescribed to control severe diarrhea, and they can also be found in cough medicine. Maybe you've heard of drugs called Vicodin, morphine or codeine. These are examples of opiates. When used properly for medical purposes, they can be very helpful. Opiates used without a doctor's prescription or in ways other than how they are prescribed, can be dangerous and addictive.
Heroin is another example of an opiate, but it isn't used as a medicine—it's used to get high.
2014 opioids eastern or ems conference
This document discusses opioids and opioid overdoses. It begins with an introduction to opioids and their history of medical use. It then provides objectives which include discussing the pharmacology, epidemiology, and treatment of opioids. The presenter is introduced as having 15 years of paramedic experience. Various resources for educating oneself on opioids are provided, including Erowid.org and SAMHSA data on drug abuse. Statistics on the epidemiology of opioid overdoses from these sources are presented. Common opioids like heroin, oxycodone, fentanyl, and methadone are described. Naloxone is discussed as the first-line treatment for opioid overdoses. Considerations for naloxone administration
Opioids
Opioids are powerful pain relievers that include drugs like codeine, oxycodone, morphine, and heroin. While opioids are used medically to treat pain, dependence and addiction can develop with prolonged use. Withdrawal symptoms like rapid breathing, sweating, and diarrhea appear when use stops. Prolonged opioid use can also lead to complications like lung damage, infections from unsterilized needles, and neurological issues. Babies born to mothers using opioids may experience withdrawal. Treatment options include medication to block opioid effects and long-term therapeutic communities.
Opoids poisoning
The document discusses opioid poisoning from substances derived from the opium poppy plant like morphine and codeine. It notes that opioids work by stimulating receptors in the central nervous system, causing sedation and respiratory depression which can lead to respiratory failure and death. Symptoms of acute opioid poisoning range from euphoria to vomiting and lethargy while chronic use can cause depression, weight loss, and social withdrawal. Treatment focuses on maintaining breathing and circulation along with the antidote naloxone to reverse effects while also providing supportive care and counseling.
Opioids analgesics medichem i
Opioids are narcotic analgesics that bind to opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems to relieve pain. The major opioid receptors are mu, kappa, and sigma. Opioids produce analgesia by inhibiting neurotransmitter release presynaptically and by hyperpolarizing neurons postynaptically. Opioids are classified as agonist, agonist-antagonist, partial agonist, or antagonist depending on their receptor activity. Common opioids include morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, pethidine, tramadol, methadone, fentanyl, remifentanil, buprenorphine, and naltrexone.
Suboxone Salsitz Slides
This document provides an overview of buprenorphine and its use in office-based treatment of opioid dependence. It discusses the pharmacology of buprenorphine, including how it acts as a partial opioid agonist and has a ceiling effect. It also outlines the legislation that allowed qualified physicians to treat opioid addiction with buprenorphine, reviews the induction and maintenance treatment process, and discusses outcomes research showing buprenorphine is effective for both detoxification and long-term maintenance treatment.
Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) of Opiad Dependence Christina M. Delos Re...
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List three different types of MAT (medication-assisted treatment) for opioid dependence
Describe the mechanism of action and the proper dosing for three different types of MAT for opioid dependence
Review common barriers to using MAT in a variety of treatment settings.
Buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid dependence
Buprenorphine can be used in the treatment of opioid dependence, stop withdrawal sickness, and allow the patient to detox with comfort.
Narcotic
This document provides an overview of narcotic drugs. It begins with definitions, noting that narcotics are also known as opioids and were originally substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. The document then covers the history of narcotics, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, common opioids like morphine, heroin, codeine and methadone, how they work in the body, their medical uses and regulation under drug schedules. Side effects of several major narcotics are also summarized.
Opiates & opioids intoxication and treatment
The document discusses opiate intoxication and treatment. It covers the history, physical exam findings, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of opiate overdose. Key signs of overdose include depressed consciousness, respiratory depression, miosis, and fresh needle marks. Treatment involves supportive care, naloxone to reverse effects, activated charcoal if ingestion was recent, and monitoring for complications like withdrawal symptoms, infections from needle use, or acute lung injury.
Opioid Poisoning and treatment-By Prafull Jain
This document discusses opioids, opioid overdoses, and the treatment of opioid poisoning. It defines opioids and describes their therapeutic effects and adverse effects. An opioid overdose occurs when the body ingests more opioids than it can handle, attacking receptors that control breathing. Treatment for an opioid overdose includes administering the opioid antagonist naloxone, which competitively binds to opioid receptors to rapidly reverse the effects of respiratory depression.
PPt on Opioid Analgesics for paramedical students (BPT/BSc Nursing)
- Morphine is the prototypical opioid analgesic extracted from the opium poppy. It acts primarily on mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system to produce analgesia.
- Morphine administration results in pain relief, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and a risk of tolerance and physical dependence developing with chronic use.
- While morphine remains a gold standard for pain treatment, its use requires precautions around side effects like respiratory depression, especially in high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions.
Addictive and psychotropic drugs
Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the central nervous system and affect brain function, resulting in changes to perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. They have therapeutic uses such as anesthetics and for treating psychiatric disorders. Historically, psychoactive drugs have been used for medicinal purposes dating back thousands of years. Commonly used psychoactive drugs include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and those used for anxiety, euphoria and pain management. While some have medical uses, psychoactive drugs can also be abused and lead to addiction. Their legal status varies depending on the substance and jurisdiction.
Why do people abuse narcotics
Narcotics produce euphoria and sedation in the central nervous system, which leads to their abuse. Abusers describe a "rush" feeling from injected heroin. Regular narcotic use during pregnancy can cause physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms in newborns. Narcotic abuse carries health risks like overdose and disease from unsafe drug use practices. Tolerance to narcotics develops with continued use, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effects.
Opoid poisoning
Opioid overdose is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing an estimated 69,000 people per year. Opioids depress the respiratory drive, leading to apnea, reduced breathing rate, hypoxemia, cerebral hypoxia, and cardiac arrest. Prolonged cerebral hypoxia from impaired breathing is the main mechanism of brain injury and death in opioid overdoses. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse the effects of opioid overdose when administered promptly through various routes such as IV, IM, SC, or intranasally. It displaces opioids from receptors and restores normal breathing without abuse potential.
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Opiods: An Overview fo Prehospital Providers
Robert S. Cole, Paramedic, wrote a comprehensive review on opioid abuse for EMS personnel dated May 31st, 2006. The review discusses how opium has been used for millennia to relieve suffering, but modern medicine remains dependent on it while it also finances criminal and terrorist groups. The introduction notes how people have long sought ways to alter perceptions and how opium was one of the earliest substances used for this, with a quote from Thomas Sydenham on its efficacy for relieving suffering.
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The document discusses opioids, including their definition, sources, receptors, history of use, classifications, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, adverse effects, toxicity, and therapeutic uses. It describes the three main opioid receptors (mu, kappa, delta), the effects of receptor activation, and different classifications of opioids based on their receptor actions (agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, mixed). It covers the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of opioids. The major pharmacological actions discussed are analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, constipation, and dependence/withdrawal. Therapeutic uses include management of severe pain and obstetrical labor pain. Risks/cautions with impaired organ function and certain patient populations
Drug addiction and drug abuse
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
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- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
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Toronto Medical Rounds in Addiction: Women and Opioid Use - A gendered approa...Women's College Hospital
Presented on December 3, 2014 by Dr. Jesleen Rana, CCFP & Lindsay Williams, M.S.W., R.S.W. at Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, CanadaRx15 vision wed_200_ondcp_1_labelle_2jones_3spitznas
This document outlines an opioid abuse prevention plan 2.0. It summarizes data showing increasing opioid and heroin overdose deaths between 1999-2013. It discusses efforts to increase prescriber education, expand prescription drug monitoring programs, improve drug disposal, and make naloxone more available. The plan focuses on continued education, monitoring, disposal, enforcement, and expanding treatment and overdose prevention programs like medication-assisted treatment and naloxone access.
Balanced opioid rx in pt with substance abuse
1. There are varying levels of risk for aberrant drug-related behaviors in patients prescribed opioids. Low risk patients have no history of substance abuse while high risk patients have active addiction or untreated psychological disorders.
2. Urine drug screens can help identify non-compliance such as medication bingeing or diversion but have limitations like insufficient sensitivity to certain drugs.
3. Prescribing opioids can decrease function in addicted patients by negatively impacting their physical, family, social, emotional and spiritual well-being.
Using Surescripts National Record Locator Service (NRLS) to Combat Opioid Abuse
These slides were originally presented at the Interoperability Showcase during HIMSS17. For more information on the Surescripts National Record Locator Service, please visit: http://bit.ly/2lYztqR
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American Medical Association Task Force to Reduce Opioid Abuse - Vision Session Presented by American Medical Association
Ops
This document discusses the classification and cellular mechanisms of opioid receptors. There are four main types of opioid receptors: mu, delta, kappa, and ORL-1. Each receptor type is activated by different endogenous peptides and exogenous drugs. When activated, the receptors modulate various central and physiological processes like pain, locomotion, stress, and reward/addiction pathways. The document provides an overview of the endogenous and exogenous agonists and antagonists that act on each receptor subtype.
T abuhadid opioid_abuse_and_withdrawal
Opioid Abuse and Withdrawal discusses opioid abuse, withdrawal symptoms, medications used for withdrawal like buprenorphine and methadone, and assessing withdrawal severity using the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS). It explains that short-acting opioids cause withdrawal sooner than long-acting ones. Precipitated withdrawal can occur if withdrawal medications are given before full withdrawal occurs. The document provides a case study to demonstrate accurately using the COWS scale to rate withdrawal severity.
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Presentation opoid
This document provides an overview of opioid receptors including:
- A brief history of opioid research from ancient times to the 1970s identification of opioid receptors.
- The structure of opioid receptors including their classification into mu, delta, and kappa types along with endogenous ligands and effects.
- The mechanism of action of opioids through G-protein coupled receptors and cellular responses.
- The distribution of opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Recent advances in understanding the role of opioid receptors in various physiological functions like neuroprotection, immune response, and more.
- Studies on designing new ligands for the kappa opioid receptor and on in vivo co-expression of mu and delta opioid receptors.
Opiates
The document provides an overview of opiates including their history, sources, effects, and the science of addiction. It discusses how opiates are derived from poppy plants and have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. It then explains how opiates attach to endorphin receptors in the brain, releasing dopamine and activating the brain's reward pathway, leading to feelings of euphoria and the potential for addiction. The document also notes that tolerance and physical dependence can develop with prolonged use but are distinct from psychological addiction.
Opioids
Opioids act on μ, κ, and δ opioid receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues to produce analgesia, euphoria, and other effects. They are commonly used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions. However, long-term opioid use can lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and risk of addiction. Treatment for opioid addiction involves medically-supervised detoxification followed by relapse prevention programs and sometimes long-term maintenance therapy.
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This document summarizes key information about opioid analgesics including:
1. It classifies opioids based on their strength from strong to weak and lists examples in each category.
2. It outlines several clinical uses of opioids such as for analgesia, cough suppression, and treatment of opioid dependence.
3. It describes the pharmacokinetics of opioids including absorption, metabolism, and ability to cross the placental barrier and affect fetuses.
4. It explains the mechanism of action of opioids including their binding to μ, δ, and κ receptors in the brain and spinal cord to produce effects like analgesia and respiratory depression.
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The document discusses drugs, drug abuse, and addiction. It defines drugs as substances that alter normal bodily functions when absorbed into the body. It notes that drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain increasing amounts of a substance and that drug dependence results in physical harm and behavioral issues over the long term. The document also shares the story of a teenager named Alby who abused drugs from ages 13 to 18 but was able to get treatment and now feels better about himself. It discusses surveys and activities conducted by students on these topics, including visiting a rehabilitation center.
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Toronto Medical Rounds in Addiction: Women and Opioid Use - A gendered approa...
Toronto Medical Rounds in Addiction: Women and Opioid Use - A gendered approa...
Rx15 vision wed_200_ondcp_1_labelle_2jones_3spitznas
Rx15 vision wed_200_ondcp_1_labelle_2jones_3spitznas
Using Surescripts National Record Locator Service (NRLS) to Combat Opioid Abuse
Using Surescripts National Record Locator Service (NRLS) to Combat Opioid Abuse
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1) Synthetic opioids like fentanyl are much more potent than natural opioids like morphine and heroin. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, triggering feelings of euphoria but also slowing respiration.
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- 1. Substance Abuse: Opioid Shannon Hart December 10, 2015
- 2. Addiction and Intoxication Addiction: a compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (either physical or psychological if left unfulfilled). Intoxication: the development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms following excessive use of a substance. The symptoms are drug-specific, and occur during or shortly after the ingestion of the substance.
- 3. History of opioids The substance opium is obtained from the ripened pods of opium poppy flowers. References to the use of opium are seen in Greek, Egyptian and Arabian texts as early as 3000 BC. The rise in medicinal and recreational use of opium came in the 16th and 17th century Europe, with the largest supply arriving from China. Frederich Serturner isolated the active ingredient, morphine, which then became used for pain relief and treatment of diarrhea, eliminating the need for crude opium.
- 4. Pathways to Addiction There are two typical behaviors that lead to an opioid addiction The first is through a physician for relief of a medical problem. Addiction occurs when the patient increases the amount and frequency of use, justifying the behavior as symptom control The second is when the drug is obtained illegally for recreational use. These drugs may be used alone or in combination with others to enhance euphoria. Tolerance develops, leading to addiction
- 5. Substance Abuse Statistics A government survey reported that in 2012, there were 6.8 million people 12 years and older, who used prescription psychotherapeutic drugs non-medically. In the last 10 years, prescription drug abuse has seen a drastic increase, becoming the second most common type of illicit drug use In 2012, there was a reported 335,000 current heroin users, aged 12 and older
- 6. Opium Substances Opioids are a group of compounds that include opium, opium derivatives and synthetic substances. Natural origin opium includes Opium, Morphine and Codeine Opioid derivatives include heroin, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone Synthetic opiate-like drugs include Meperidine, Methadone, Pentazocine, Fentanyl
- 7. Effects of Opioids The primary effects of opiates are on the CNS, the eyes and the GI tract. CNS effects: euphoria, mood changes, mental cloudiness, drowsiness, pain reduction, respiratory depression Eyes: stimulation of the oculomotor nerve results in pupillary constriction GI effects: increased stomach and intestinal tone as well as decreased peristaltic activity of the intestines. The combined effects lead to decreased movement of food, leading to constipation
- 8. Opioid Intoxication The behavioral and psychological effects of opioid intoxication occur during or shortly after the use of opioid substances. Initially a feeling of euphoria is felt, followed by apathy, dysphoria, psychomotor agitation or retardation and impaired judgment Physical symptoms include pupillary constriction (or dilation in the case of an overdose), drowsiness, slurred speech, memory and attention impairment. Severe opioid intoxication may result in respiratory depression, coma and death
- 9. Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms of withdrawal occur from the reduction or cessation of heavy and prolonged use of opioid substances. • Symptoms include: • dysphoric mood • nausea and vomiting • muscle aches • lacrimation (tears) or rhinorrhea (runny nose) • pupillary dilation • piloerection (goose bumps) • sweating • diarrhea • yawning • fever • insomnia
- 11. Nursing diagnosis Ineffective denial- many patients with substance abuse deny they have a problem. “I don’t have a problem with (substance), I can quit anytime I want.” Ineffective coping- patients with substance abuse may have destructive behavior towards others and self, have an inability to meet their basic needs, are unable to meet role expectations, and engage in risk-taking behaviors Risk for injury- clients withdrawing from CNS depressants may be at risk for tremors, elevated blood pressure, N/V, hallucinations, illusions, tachycardia, anxiety, and seizures
- 12. Tayler Ross Olson May 1, 1985 - May 3, 2013
- 13. References Townsend, M. C. (2015). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice (8th ed.). Philidelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.