Nanoemulsions are emulsions with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. A typical nanoemulsion contains oil, water and an emulsifier. The addition of an emulsifier is critical for the creation of small sized droplets as it decreases the interfacial tension i.e., the surface energy per unit area, between the oil and water phases of the emulsion. The emulsifier also plays a role in stabilizing nanoemulsions through repulsive electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance.1 The emulsifier used is generally a surfactant, but proteins and lipids have also been effective in the preparation of nanoemulsions.2–12 Over the past decade or more, the research focus has been on preparing nanoemulsions through various methods, broadly classified into two primary categories: high-energy and low-energy methods.13–15 High energy methods such as high pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrasonication15 consume significant energy (B108 –1010 W kg1 ) to make small droplets.

1. NANO-EMULSION
PRESENTED BY-PRITAM AON(B.PHARM,3rd YEAR)

2. CONTENTS
Definition
Types of Nanoemulsion
Methods of Preparation
Characterization of Nanoemulsions
Advantages & Disadvantages of Nanoemulsion
Application of Nanoemulsion

3. Definition
Nanoemulsions can be defined as oil-in-water
(o/w) emulsions with mean droplet diameters
ranging from 50 to 1000 nm. Usually, the average
droplet size is between 100 and 500 nm.
Nanoemulsion are useful in devolping liquid
formulation of poorly water soluble drugs for oral or
injectable administration
Oil in water nanoemulsion can also be used to stabilize
drugs that undergoes hydrolytic and oxidative
degradation

4. Types of Nanoemulsion
 Oil in water
 Water in oil
 Bi-continuous Nano-emulsion

5. Methods of Preparation

6. High pressure homogenization
The technique has use of high pressure homogenizer. The
process generally involves a piston system. This produces
high shear which generally causes the reduction of particle
size to sub-micron level causes the formation of
Nanoemulsion.

7. Microfludization
It’s a patent technology that involves a high pressure positive displacement
pump with a pressure of 500- 20000 psi as depicted in figure. This pressure
forces the phases to pass through micro channels. The two phases mixed
and proceed as coarse emulsion when made to pass through interaction
chamber results in the formation of Nanoemulsion. This is made to pass
through micro channels.

8. Ultrasonication
The preparation of Nanoemulsion is reported in various
research papers which aim to use the ultrasonic sound
frequency for the reduction of the droplet size.

9. Phase inversion method
In this method, fine dispersion is obtained by chemical energy resulting of
phase transitions produced by emulsification pathway. The phase
transition is produced by varying the composition of the emulsion and
keeping temperature constant or vice versa. The phase inversion
temperature was first done by Shinoda et al. it was concluded that
increase in temperature results in the chemical changes of
polyoxyethelene surfactants by degradation of the polymer chain with the
temperature

10. Characterization of Nanoemulsions
Phase behavior study
Particle size
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Viscosity

11. Advantages & Disadvantages of
Nanoemulsion
ADVANTAGES
 Increase the rate of
absorption
 Helpful in taste masking
 Less amount of energy
requirement
 Increases bioavailability
DISADVANTAGES
 Limited solubilizing capacity
forhigh-melting substances
 The surfactant must be
nontoxic for using
pharmaceutical applications

12. Application of Nanoemulsion
Ocular delivery
Percutaneous route
Nasal route
Use of nanoemulsion in cosmetics
Antimicrobial Nanoemulsions

13. THANK YOU

15. clotrimazole
clopidogrel
celecoxib