NANO5CARBON
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Around 37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases which cause 1.5 million deaths from diarrhea annually; less than 1% of the world's fresh water is accessible for human use, and water contamination from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and cultural practices results in an estimated economic burden of $600 million per year in India.
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Wastewater situation, common applied strategies, treatment
this ppt is about waste water condition,common applied strategies and duck weed technology is taken for case study
Water pollution in pakistan
Water pollution is a major problem in Pakistan. According to the presentation, 80% of Pakistan's population uses unsafe drinking water due to scarce access to clean sources. Both surface and groundwater sources throughout the country are contaminated by coliform bacteria, toxic metals, and pesticides. The main causes of water pollution in Pakistan include improper sewage disposal and treatment, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and dumping of garbage. Solutions proposed include improving sewage infrastructure, regulating industrial waste treatment, educating the public, enacting stronger laws, and building more dams to increase water storage capacity and manage seasonal flows.
Manthan_Citizens For Accountable Governance
1) The document proposes a solution to provide safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to all by modifying the design of conventional hand pumps in India.
2) The proposed design integrates advanced water filtration techniques like ultrafiltration and chlorine disinfection with the hand pump to provide clean drinking water.
3) If implemented widely, the solution could help reduce waterborne diseases and ensure access to clean water for millions of people in India who currently rely on contaminated water sources.
Vijeta007
1) The document proposes a solution to provide safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to all by modifying the design of conventional hand pumps in India.
2) The proposed design integrates advanced water filtration techniques like ultrafiltration and chlorine disinfection with the hand pump to provide clean drinking water.
3) If implemented widely, the solution could help reduce waterborne diseases and ensure access to clean water for millions of people in India who currently rely on contaminated water sources.
Rainwater harvesting
The document discusses rainwater harvesting as a solution to Bangladesh's water crisis. It provides background on the global and local water crises driven by population growth, urbanization, and other factors. For Bangladesh specifically, groundwater sources are becoming contaminated with arsenic. The document then presents a sample design for a rainwater harvesting system for a residential building in Dhaka. It details the key components, catchment area, storage calculations, costs, and potential water savings. In summary, the document proposes rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to Dhaka's water supply challenges and presents an example system design for residential use.
AAROGYA
Safe Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facilities in India discusses the poor sanitation conditions in India. Only 30% of sewage water is treated, with the rest polluting water sources. 75% of surface water is polluted, largely due to untreated sewage. Solutions proposed include low-cost water purification methods like solar disinfection, spring boxes, and ecological sanitation toilets. Improving sanitation requires raising awareness, providing affordable options, and monitoring programs.
IRJET- Experimental Work by Vacuum Methodology Study on Waste Water
The document describes an experimental study on wastewater treatment using vacuum filtration methodology. The study collected wastewater from residential areas and treated it using reverse osmosis (RO) filtration to purify the water by removing contaminants. Testing showed that the RO filter was able to absorb 3-5 liters of water per hour. The treated water was then suitable for reuse applications like gardening. Vacuum filtration was used to rapidly draw the wastewater through a filter. Activated carbon filtration was also utilized to remove gases, smoke particles, bacteria, chemicals and other pollutants from the water. The treated water met purity standards for reuse after processing the wastewater through the RO filtration system.
DWASA WATER QUALITY SCENARIO (A case study of Mohammadpur)
This document presents a case study of the DWASA water quality in Mohammadpur, Dhaka. Tests were conducted on samples from WASA supply points, household taps, and filtered water. The pH, color, and turbidity of the samples were within acceptable limits according to Bangladesh standards. However, the study was limited and more tests are recommended to fully understand water quality. The document suggests improvements to WASA infrastructure, monitoring, and public awareness to help ensure safe drinking water.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
L15 air and water pollution
Rapid urbanization in poorer parts of the world can cause significant environmental problems related to air and water pollution if not properly managed. As cities expand rapidly, large amounts of air pollution and waste are produced which can end up in rivers, harming water quality. This can involve building sewage treatment plants, passing laws to control factory wastewater discharge, and limiting pollution levels. However, population growth sometimes outpaces these efforts, and water quality deteriorates. Air pollution from industry and traffic also increases health and environmental risks if emissions are not regulated and alternative energy sources adopted. Effective management strategies are needed to monitor pollution levels and reduce them through technology, fuel switching, and transportation policies.
Desalination Approach of Seawater and Brackish Water by Coconut Shell Activat...
"Engineers are challenged to develop cost effective ways to produce large quantities of water suitable for drinking, crop irrigation and commercial use for regions of the world that suffer from water shortages. Water desalination is expensive, requiring large amounts of energy and specialized equipment to convert saltwater into drinking water. The present study aims to develop a cheaper, cleaner, easy and more energy efficient way of desalinating seawater technique by using natural filters, it can help the common people as it affordable during their immediate requirements. The developed technique seemed to be very effective in reducing the concentration of seawater ions. The desalination system is developed by selecting coconut shell charcoal as the substrate material. As per the results obtained from prototype of seawater and brackish water, there is 60 reduction in chloride and 75 reduction in sodium this is mainly due to the usage of activated carbon charcoal as the filter media. It is also observed through experiments that there is 100 reduction in iron,53 reduction in sulphate, 20 reduction in total dissolved solids and 12 reduction in hardness which clearly indicates that the selected filter medias those are activated carbon charcoal, sand, laterite would be used as the filter medias for future experiments on desalination using natural filters.This work is to present an overview of current and future technologies applied to the desalination of brackish as well as seawater to produce freshwater for supplementing drinking water supplies to the common people in smaller quantity. Removal efficiency increases with the increase in contact time respectively, for both seawater and brackish water, which was considered to be maximum purification ~40 . Jayaprakash M C | Poorvi Shetty | Raju Aedla | D V Reddy ""Desalination Approach of Seawater and Brackish Water by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as a Natural Filter Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19123.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/water-resource-engineering/19123/desalination-approach-of-seawater-and-brackish-water-by-coconut-shell-activated-carbon-as-a-natural-filter-method/jayaprakash-m-c"
6165
The document discusses a new water purification method using graphene and titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts. It can purify water efficiently using only sunlight. Implementing this technology worldwide could help address global water challenges by purifying water at the point of use. While small-scale applications like coated water bottles are suitable for humanitarian aid, large purification tanks would be needed for more advanced economies. The graphene enhances the TiO2's light absorption and pollution degradation abilities, removing harmful substances like E. coli through an oxidation process harnessing the sun's energy. Overcoming challenges like ensuring water quality or consistent sunlight access could make this affordable, sustainable solution effective at improving water security for a growing population facing climate change impacts.
Nanotechnology in waste water treatment
This document discusses how nanotechnology can be used for waste water treatment. It explains that nanoparticles are effective at removing pollutants from water due to their high surface area. Various nanomaterials like metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, and zeolites can be used. Specifically, nano sorbents can sorbe a wide variety of organic and inorganic contaminants, nano catalysts can increase reaction rates to degrade contaminants, and biomimetic membranes allow for efficient desalination using reverse osmosis. Molecularly imprinted polymers also selectively remove pollutants even at low concentrations. Overall, nanotechnology provides effective, efficient, and eco-friendly approaches to water treatment.
F H Mughal - SDPI 12th SD Conference - 8 Dec 2009.ppt
This document summarizes an assessment of water facilities and access to safe drinking water in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The assessment found that (1) water treatment projects were poorly designed and implemented without considering community needs, (2) treatment technologies were ineffective and failed to provide clean water, and (3) reported coverage rates of water access were inaccurate and overstated. It provides recommendations to improve design, community participation, and monitoring to help ensure residents of Sindh have reliable access to safe drinking water.
Board presentation
This document discusses various topics related to water including its hardness, recycling, and use as an energy source. It provides information on how to soften hard water through various methods like using soda, slaked lime, or boiling. It also discusses recycling of water in various industries like paper, poultry, and greenhouses. Additionally, it explains how water can be used to generate hydroelectric power and the benefits and drawbacks of hydropower. Lastly, it discusses rainwater harvesting as a method to conserve water.
Board presentation
This document discusses various topics related to water including science, social science, and methods of conserving water. It covers the hardness of water in chemistry and recycling of water in biology. In physics, it discusses water as a source of energy. For social science, it discusses topics like the sustainability of groundwater for economic development and movements related to water for political development. It also discusses the conservation of water in geography. The document then provides details on various methods of conserving water including rainwater harvesting and watershed management.
Purification of Wastewater by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
In todays world, nanotechnology is becoming increasingly popular for water treatment. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the development of typical metal oxide materials TiO2, Fe3O4 Fe2O3, MnO2, CeO2, MgO and Al2O3 and the related processes for the treatment of various water resources which have been contaminated by organic solutes, inorganic anions, radionuclides, bacteria and viruses. Gajendra Kumar Tardia "Purification of Wastewater by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50327.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50327/purification-of-wastewater-by-metal-oxide-nanoparticles/gajendra-kumar-tardia
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Only5
This document discusses increasing youth employability by focusing on three main types of employability skills: basic academic skills like reading and writing; higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving and decision making; and personal qualities including self-confidence, social skills, and a good work attitude. It notes that the real challenge for employers is finding workers with these job readiness skills and recommends teaching employability skills through involving parents, providing opportunities to observe workplaces, and designing classrooms to mimic real work settings.
Pegasus
This document proposes solutions to improve primary education in India. It discusses four solutions: 1) A parallel primary education network run by volunteer youth, 2) Promoting the use of technology in schools, 3) Public-private partnerships to enhance schools, and 4) Enriching learning through hands-on methods. Each solution includes steps for implementation and discusses the potential impacts and challenges. The overall goal is to address issues like high dropout rates and low learning levels in Indian primary education.
Boosting_skillsetsteamnbd
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The document discusses the issue of youth unemployment in India and provides recommendations to improve employability. It notes that youth unemployment is one of India's largest challenges and that awareness has increased around this issue. Several statistics on unemployment rates in India are presented. The document advocates for initiatives and policies that develop skills, encourage hands-on learning, and link education to employment opportunities to help boost youth employability and reduce unemployment.
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Manthan
Primary education in India faces several challenges, including low enrollment and attendance rates, high dropout rates before 5th grade, and poor quality of education especially in rural areas and for girls. The government has implemented various programs to address these issues, such as the District Primary Education Program, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and Operation Blackboard. New initiatives like the Right to Education Act aim to increase access to private schools for underprivileged children. However, improving teacher training and classroom practices will be needed to truly enhance educational quality and outcomes for Indian children.
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TechFidos
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samanvaya
The document discusses strategies to improve access to justice in India. At the grassroots level, it proposes creating legal awareness programs, conducting legal aid camps, and establishing legal aid cells run by trained paralegal volunteers. It also aims to strengthen the education system. At the administrative level, the document seeks to reduce case backlogs, appoint more judges, establish additional courts, and implement e-courts and information technology systems. Ensuring timely justice for all citizens across India requires empowering people at the grassroots level through legal awareness as well as positive changes to the administrative system such as reducing delays in the courts.
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Tourism_and_Border_Trade
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Striving_towards_a_cleaner_nation
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This document proposes changes to the system in India to empower women and ensure their safety and equality. It identifies issues such as jurisdiction problems, lack of evidence, and fear of lodging complaints that prevent crimes against women from being properly addressed. It recommends establishing a women's crime cell to anonymously register complaints, hiring more women in law enforcement, providing self-defense training, educating rural women on their rights, and implementing stricter laws around crimes targeting women. The proposals aim to improve women's mobility, access to resources, decision-making power, and security overall.
sahas1
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NANO5CARBON
- 1. It is estimated that around 37.7 million Indians are affected by water borne diseases especially 1.5 million die of diarrhea alone. < 1% of the world's fresh water (~0.007% of all water on earth) is accessible for direct human uses. This is the water found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and those underground sources that are shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. Resulting economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year
- 2. Industrial discharge • Industrial wastes includes excess iron ,nitrates and brackishness which has been the result of ground water extraction leading to salinity • 90% of the sewage generated by the municipal council and over 50% of sewage discharge by the municipal orporation goes untreated. • Dumping of industrial ash underground resulting in contamination of underground water. Agricultural runoff • Pollution of ground and surface water from increased fertillizer and pesticides used in agriculture causing nitrate contamination • The use of persistent organic pollutants (POP)are used widely in India such as (DDT). • Increase in brackishness in coastal areas has been the result of ground water extraction through deep tubewells for drinking and irrigation purpose . Behavioral and cultural practices • Immertion of idols in surface water body is the prime cause of deteriorating water quality • Defecation on boundary of water bodies results in bacteriological contamination. • Over extraction of ground water has also resulted in increase of fluoride concentration in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan .
- 3. What are Carbon Nanotubes? Carbon nanotubes are very thin, hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms. They are about 10,000 times thinner than a human hair. Carbon nanotubes are produced using various thermal processes to strip carbon atoms from carbon-bearing materials and use them to form a hexagonal network of carbon atoms that is rolled up into a cylinder, or tube. Carbon nanotubes have exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, allowing for potential wide applications in numerous industries
- 4. Researchers suggest that carbon nanotubes could provide a significant advantage over current membrane technologies, such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. The unique properties of carbon Nanotubes would allow water molecules to pass through the interior of the cylinders while chemical and microbial contaminants could not. This is a filtration process called size exclusion. This could be accomplished at a high rate of flow with very little energy (pressure) input to “push” the water through the nanotubes – thus a big advantage over current membrane technologies. Additionally, research has shown carbon nanotubes have a strong ability to adsorb many types of chemical and microbial contaminants. Even so, there are drinking water treatment products already developed that use carbon nanotube technology.The filter consists of a mat or mesh of carbon nanotubes stacked on each other, pointing in different directions, and wrapped around a carbon block filter structure This resulting filter is one with very small pore openings that is on the micrometer scale, but larger than the interior nanometer pore openings of the carbon nanotubes.
- 5. •The unfiltered water containing E. coli bacteria •The E. coli bacteria (marked by arrows) grown by the culture of the polluted water •The filtration experiment •The water filtered through nanotube filter •The filtrate after culture showing the absence of the bacterial
- 6. Benefits Effective: Produces clean water by eliminating contaminants Efficient: Requires less power than conventional filtration systems, enabling remote operation and solar power options Flexible: Does not depend on gravity for water to flow through the system Scalable: Allows for use of a single filter or a large bank of integrated filters, depending on filtration needs Widely applicable: Suits applications for a variety of water processing needs, ranging from industrial to consumer applications Applications • Municipal water facilities • Medical facilities • Laboratories • Distilleries • Desalination plants • Industrial facilities • Wastewater treatment facilities • Consumer markets Why it is Better • Existing water filtration technologies are generally plagued by limited performance, high energy consumption, and high costs. New filtration and treatment techniques designed to mitigate these problems generally depend on pressure to drive water through the filtration system. The combination of acoustics and small-diameter carbon nanotubes in this innovation make it an effective and efficient means of producing contaminant-free, clean water.
- 7. • Publitising use of carbon nanotube project to raise funds through sponsers. • Convincing eminent Political leaders in these region for effective implementation of the project. • Construction • Estimate given by Nanoshell cooperation • Import of carbon nanotubes • Mainataince Expenditure • Gujarat • Rajasthan • Madhya Pradesh • Karnataka • Andhra Pradesh Areas affected by Water pollution in India Expected Expenditu re Raising funds through advertisem ent. Political collaboration of ruling party with Nanoshell Cooperation
- 8. Stakeholders • Such an economic technology can be utilized in metropolitan cities (such as Kanpur and Delhi where contamination of water is very high ) by the cooperation of central government and state government so that the purity of water level can be maintained. • Leading organization such as tata group and WHO setup their plant for their own profit as well as serving the need of people. List of Banks providing Finanacial Assistance • Asian Development Bank • Germany supports access to water and sanitation in India through financial cooperation by KTW development bank and technical cooperation by GTZ • Japan International Cooperation Agency • World Bank Company manufacturing carbon nanotubes for water filtration • Nanoshell LLC(In collaboration)3422 old Capitol trial suit 1305 Willmington DE 19808 USA +919779880077 • Intelligent materials pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 211, Sector 12 Panchkula - 134112 Haryana, India Tel: +91 956 959 1212 Fax: +91 956 959 1212 (Ext: 8) sales@nanoshel.com
- 9. Social •Damage of DNA •Cause harmful effects to organs if introduced into the body Econo mic •Expensive to produce actual nanotube structure . •Conditional construction of nanotubes Envir onme ntal •Adversely affect natural ecosystems Challenges Devo tion •Engineers devote time and resources to manufacture perfect nanotube Modi ficati on •Non covalent modification of CNT’S which preserves its structure and improves its soubility Funct inalis ation •Functionalisation of carbon nanotube for improved bio compatibility
- 10. Appendix http://fluoridealert.org/health/bone/fluorosis/india.html www.sustainable-design.ie/fire/India_Whose-Sustainability_PLEA2006- Paper939.pdf www.whoindia.org/LinkFiles/MDG_Chapter-05.pdf http://planningcommission.gov.in/reports/genrep/wtrsani.pdf http://fluoridealert.org/health/bone/fluorosis/india.html www.whoindia.org/LinkFiles/SDEWorkshop_Water_Quality_In_India _MOH.pdf www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/files/pdf/ground-pollute4_FULL_.pdf http://india.gov.in/sectors/rural/rural_water.php http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section313/Section1519_10851.htm http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Documents/Mission_Document.pdf
- 11. 1. Team Coordinator : Shivay Gupta 2. Proposed Solution: Shashank Kapoor 3. Implementation : Kamalkant Khandelwal 4. Challenges and Mitigation factor : Aman Chauhan 5. Animation effect : Saraddavan Singh