This technical seminar report summarizes a 5 MLD sewage treatment plant in Ursugutta. The report provides details on the primary treatment processes including a raw sewage sump, screens, and grit removal. It then describes the secondary treatment which uses a C-Tech sequencing batch reactor process. This involves cycles of fill, aeration, settling, and decanting to achieve BOD removal, nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The report provides details on the treatment methodology and components of the C-Tech system.

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT
ON
5 MLD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT-- URSUGUTTA
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING (2019-2023)
FROM
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNILOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERBAD
BY
D.VENU (19TK1A0109)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SVS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR SIGN HOD SIGN GUIDE SIGN

2. ABSTRACT
Water purification is the collective name for a group of processes that make water more
suitable for drinking , medical use, industrial use, and so on. A water purification process is
designed to remove or reduce existing water contaminants to the point where the water is flt
for use. In the last few years ,innovative methods such as nanotechnology have been studied
to develop water purification technologies.Graphene is a two-dimensional mesh of carbon
atoms arranged in the form of honeycomb lattice. It has earned the title "miracle material
"thanks to a startlingly large collection of beneficial properties . It is thought that graphene
could revolutionize the whole industry, as researches work on many different kinds of
graphene -based materials ,each one with unique qualities and designation . The present
chapter surveys and reviews the recent research and published llterature on the graphene -
based material for water purification . The main methods discussed are adsorption,
photocatalysis, membrane filtration, and electrochemical water purification.

3. INTRODUCTION
• Medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications. The history of water purification includes a wide variety
of methods. The methods used include physical processes such Water purification is the process of removing undesirable
chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for
specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification
may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes, including as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation; biological
processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination;
and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
•Visual inspection which cannot determine if water meets their quality standards. Simple procedures such as boiling or the
use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all possible contaminants that may be present in
water fro unknown source. Even natural spring water – considered safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century – must
now be tested before determining what kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical and microbiological analysis, while
expensive, are the only way to obtain the information necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of purific.
• The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards. These standards
usually include minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants, depending on the intended use of the water.
• Attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene, while 1.8 million people die from diarrheal disease
each year. The WHO estimates that 94% of these diarrheal disease cases are preventable through modifications to the
environment, including access to safe water.[1] Simple techniques for treating water at home, such as chlorination, filters,
and solar disinfection, and for storing it in safe containers could save a huge number of lives each year.[2] Reducing deaths
from waterborne diseases is a major public health goal in developing countries.
•purification can reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae,
viruses, and fungi as well as reduce the concentration of a range of dissolved and particulate matter.
•According to a 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) report, 1.1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking
water supply; 88% of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate
sanitation and hygiene, while 1.8 million people die from diarrheal disease each year. The WHO estimates that 94% of
these diarrheal disease cases are preventable through modifications to the environment, including access to safe water.

4. Needfor artificialdrainage
•Excess water In the crop root zone soil ls injurious to plant growth. Crop yields are drastically reduced on poorly drained soils,
and,In cases of prolonged waterlogging,plants eventually die due to a lack of oxygen in the root zone.Sources of excess soil water
that result in high water tables include:high precipitation In humid regions; surplus irrigation water and canal seepage Inthe Irrigated
lands; and artesian pressure. Wateriogging in irrigated regions may result in excess soil salinity,i.e.. the accumulation of salts In the
plant root zone.
•poorly drained agricultural fields to provide optimum air and salt environments in the root zone. Drainage Is regarded as an
important water management practice, and as a component of efficient crop production systems. World food supply and the
productivity of existing agricultural lands can only be maintained and enhanced If drainage Improvements are undertaken on
cropland currently affected by excess water and high water tables.
•Drainage (both surface and subsurface) is not simply the conversion of wetlands,but the improvement of naturally
Inadequately drained cropland.It is complementary to irrigation and is viewed as an essential component of Irrigated
agriculture.The objective is to Increase production efficiency,crop yields and profitability on naturally poorly drained
agricultural lands .
Agricultural,environmentaland socio-economicbenefitsof drainage
•The primary benefits of drainage go beyond the control of excess soil water and accumulation of excess salts in the crop
root zone (Fausey et al.. 1987). The coincident environmental and socio·economic benefits associated with disease vector
control and public health must be fully recognized. One of the major environmental benefits of drainage is Its positive
impact on improving the health of humans, plants and farm animals.
•Drainage of wet, swampy areas has led to a reduction In mosquito breeding sites In all parts of the world.The effect has been
a drop in the incidence and prevalence of Important water related and mosquito transmitted diseases,e.g.. malaria,yellow
fever and filariasis and Furthermore,drainage of stagnant water can eliminate foot-rot in large animals and,to a certain
extent,the breeding environment of aquatic and semi-aquatic snails
•Where drainage is used to reclaim salinized and waterlogged lands,it is an environmentally beneficial practice,because the
land is returned to its full productive potential. The adaptation of subsurface drainage systems to serve as sub-irrigation or
controlled drainage systems leads to other benefits, i.e., the reduction of nitrate pollution.
•The overall impact of improved drainage has been an improvement in hygienic conditions,in the health In the human beings
value of the
sector and in the productivity of human beings.By growing high value food crops in well-drained soils,the health, nutrition and
economic status of rural populations can be improved.

5. METHODOLOGY
1.1 PRIMARY TREATMENT.
1.11 RAW SEWAGE SUMP{Wet well}
The raw sewage shall enter in to raw sewage sump {wet well} of sewage pumping station
after diversion in the Nallah by I&D structure of ength 100m {Approx} through RCC pipe line size
of 600mm. Submersible pumps of stable capacity have been considered to pump the raw
Number of Urls 1N0
volume 44m3
Materials of construction RCC
* ength may be charged due to location of&D structure.
1.12 Raw Sewage Transfer pump
Raw sewage from wet well shall be transferred to inlet chamber with help of sewage
transfer pumps. submersible pumps of suitable capacity are considered to pump the raw sewage
to inlet chamber of STP.
Number of Urls 5N0S.
Material of construction Cl
Type Submersible
Duty condition 209 m3/hr @ 18* mwc
RPM 1450
* Pump Head to be designed during Detailed Engineering

6. 1.13 INLET CHAMBER
Raw sewage will enter in to the Treatment plant through Raw sewage Transfer pumps
from underground wet well to the inlet chamber. The objective of inlet chamber is to
reduce the turbulence of flow for achieving better efficiency in fine screening
Number of units 1 N0
Volume 5 m3
Material of construction RCC
1.14 FINE SCREEN CHANNEL
The sewage collected from inlet chamber is made to flow through the fine screen
channel to remove the particles of size more than 6mm with bar thickness of 2mm. Sluice
gates are considered on upstream and downstream of each screen channels to regulate the
sewage flows as well as to isolate the flow during the maintenance
MECHANICAL SCREENS
The re shall be two numbers of parallel screen channel out of which one will be
fitted with mechanical screen. The screen MOC shall be of SS 304 . The screenings will be
removed through a conveyor fixed with drive.
Number of units 1 N0.{1W}
Material of construction SS 304
Material of construction of channel RCC

7. MANUAL SCREENS
Manual Fine screen shall be used as standby arrangement. The raw sewage will be
diverted to these screens when the mechanical screens is under maintenance. The screenings
will be cleaned manually with use of hand rakes in the bar screens. The bar thickness will be of
8mm {minimum} and the spacing will be 10mm
Number of units 1 N0S.
Material of construction SS 304
Material construction of channel RCC
1.15 DETRITUS TANK
The screened sewage flows by gravity in to Grit Removal Unit. The Mechanical type grit
scrapping device is provided in the Detritus Tank scrapes the settled grit to a side pocket from where
it is lifted by classifier mechanism above the water level and dropped through a chute on platform or
trolley. An organic return pump is provided to send the return water collected in the pocket back in to
the main chamber. The grit is settled in the main chamber & after de-gritting the sewage over flows
in to the outlet channel. Sluice gate is provided at the inlet of Detritus Tank
Grit Removal Unit (Mechanical)
Design Flow : 12.625 MLD (including centrate flow)
Number of units : 2 N0. (1w+1s)
Material of construction : RCC

8. Raw sewage. After primary treatment (Fine Screens and Grit Chambers) is taken to C- Tech
Basinsbygravity. .) I C-Tech is a Cyclic Activated Sludge process technology which is the latest and 4th
generation of Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) process. The C-Tech system specifically refers to the use
of variable volume treatment in combination with a biological SELECTOR and OXYGEN UPTAKE
RATE(OUR) control,whichisoperated inafed-batch reactor mode. The Cyclic Activated Sludge process
technology represents a certain technical development of a process philosophy over conventional SBR
technology.
The incorporation of a multi cell biological Selector in the front - end of the System distinguishes it
from all other technologies (Generic SBRs). The raw sewage enters the Selector Zone, where anoxic-
mix conditions are maintained. Also a part of the treated effluent along with activated sludge from the
Aeration Zone is recycled here using ReturnActivatedSludge(RAS) Pump. As the microorganisms meet
highroad low 00 condition in the Selector Zone, natural selection of predominantly floe-forming
microorganisms takes place.lihis is very effective in containing all of the known low F/M bulking
microorganisms, which eliminates problems of sludge bulking and sludge foaming. This process
ensures excellent settling characteristics of the biological sludge. Also,dueto the anoxic
Ianaerobicconditions intheSelector Zone,De-nitrificationand Phosphorous removal occurs.
Fig: components of C-Tech SBR system

9. There are Two operating C-Tech basins in the plant. These C-Tech basins work in sequence and
the influent flow Is distributed using Automatic Gates provided at the Inlet Chamber of C-Tech
basins. The C-Tech basins are equipped with air blowers, diffusers, Return Activated Sludge (RAS)
pumps, Surplus Activated Sludge (SAS) pumps, Decanters, Auto valves, Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) etc. All cycles will be automatically controlled using PLC. '
The complete biological treatment is divided into Cycles with each Cycle is of 2-4 hrs. (3 hrs
present case) duration, during which all treatment steps take place. A basic Cycle comprises of the
following phases which take place Independently in sequence to constitute a Cycle and then gets
repeated:
• Fill/ Aeration (FIA)
• Settling (S)
• Decanting (D)

10. Fill/ Aeration(F/A):
This refers to the process loading time in the cycle. Loading occurs outside of the designated settle
and decant sequences during which time Influents received Into the basin through an admixture
(selector) reactor. Biomass from the main aeration zone Is admixed with Influent load in the
biological selector hydrolysis reactor. Complete mix reaction conditions prevail in the main
reaction zone during this variable volume operational sequence, being typical of a fed-batch
reactor operation. Aeration can be regulated to maximize co-current nitrification-de-nitrification
that takes place and to Insure the aerobic uptake of phosphorus previously released during
anaerobic operation. The process typically employs a nominally constant rate of recycle from the
main reaction zone that Is pumped to a zone at the inlet end of the admixture reactor.
Settling (S):
The air is turned off and influent to the reactor basins stopped. During the first five minutes of this
sequence, the residual mixing energy within the reaction basin is consumed. At this time gentle bio-
flocculation initially takes place, a solids-liquid interface forms under partial hindered settling
conditions. Rising sludge does not occur
Decanting(D):
This sequence is an extension of the settle sequence and is also totally quiescent whereby a moving
weir lowering decanter is used to take the operating liquid level In l}le basin to its designated bottom
water level reference position. In this way supernatant is withdrawn from a subsurface position under
laminar flow conditions. This allows optimum removal over the decant depth without entrainment of
settled solids or floating debris. Upon completion of the supernatant liquid removal sequence, the
moving weir decanter returns to its rest position located out of liquid. Completion of the decant
sequence terminates the designated use of the basin as a stratified, interrupted Inflow reactor.
Typically, fill sequencing begins while the decanter is travelling to Its upper rest position.

11. BOD REMOVAL, CO-CURRENT NITRIFICATION & DENITRIFICATION AND
ENCHANCEDNPHOSPHURUS UPTAKE IN AERATION ZONE
BOD Removal
The aeration zone of C-Tech is provided with diffused aeration system to oxidize the ·, organic matter by
activated sludge.
The activated sludge In aeration zone is capable of converting most organic wastes to stable inorganic
forms or to' cellular mass. In this process, the soluble and colloidal organic material is metabolized by a
diverse group of microorganisms to carbon dioxide and water. At the same time, a sizeable fraction of
Incoming organic matter Is converted to cellular mass that can be separated from the effluent by
settling.
Activated sludge comprises a mixed microbial culture wherein the bacteria are responsible for oxidizing
the organic matter, while protozoa consume the dispersed unflocculated bacteria and rotifers consume
the unsettled small blo-flocs in the treated wastewater ter,performing the role of effluent polishers.
The utilization of substrate bay bacterial cell can bedescribed as three-step process:
1. The substrate molecule contacts with the cell wall.
2. Thesubstratemoleculeistransported intothecell.
3. Metabolism of the substrate molecule within the cell

12. However, as the bacteria require the molecule in the soluble form, colloidal, spherically Incompatible
molecules, which cannot be readily biodegradable, have to be first adsorbed to the cell surface and
hydrolyzed or transformed externally to transportable fractions by exo-enzymes or wall-bounded
enzymes .The organic matter will be utilized by the bacteria resulting In cell synthesis and energy for
maintenance. Nutrients available in the wastewater cater to the nutrient requirements of the aerobic
microorganisms and to enhance the activity of the aerobic microbes.
In addition to the nutrient requirements, the aerobic microbes require oxygen to sustain their
microbial activity. Oxygen functions as a terminal electron acceptor in the energy metabolism of the
aerobic heterotrophic organisms indigenous to the activated sludge process. Another words a
portionofthe organic material removed is oxidized to provide energy for the maintenance function and
the synthesis function.
The following reactions best describe the organic substrate utilization by the aerobic bacteria:
1. Oxidation
COHNS +02 +Bacteria -7 C02 +NH3+other End Products +Energy
2. Synthesis
COHNS+02+Bacteria 7C5H702N(New Bacterial Cell)
CsH102N+5027SC02 +NH3 +2H20+Energy
3. Endogenous Respiration

13. It is to be noted that the activated sludge in C Tech reactor operates in extended aeration mode. An
extended aeration activated sludge process operates in the endogenous respiration phase of the growth
curve where the microorganisms are forced to metabolize their own protoplasm due to the limited
availability of food or substrate. During this phase, the nutrients remaining in the dead cells diffuse out
'to furnish the remaining cells with food. This system has been developed for application where
minimum bio-solids production Is desirable. Less solids productions achieved by using a larger fraction
of the entering organic material for energy rather than for synthesis. This means that more oxygen will
be consumed per unit mass of organic material removed.
Nitrification
Extended Aeration system, with high sludge retention time (9c) and DO > 2.0 mg/l ensures uniform
nitrification. Nitrification results from the oxidation of ammonia present in the sewage by Nitrosamines
to nitrite and the subsequent oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate by Nitrobacteria. The nitrifying
organisms are strut aerobes and require r) more than 2 mg/L DO in the C-Tech basin to avoid oxygen
limitation. The nitrification of ammonia can be represented as given below:
2 NH4 + 3O2 NITROSOMONAS 2NO2 + 2H2O + 4H +New Cells
2 NO2 + O2 NITROBACTER 2NO3 + New Cells
The diffused aeration system is sized in such a way that sufficient oxygen is provided for carbonaceous
oxidation, sludge stabilization, nitrification by maintaining the DO at the specified level of 2 mg/L. The
capacity_ of diffused aeration in each C-Tech basin will be sufficient to ensure good and uniform mixing
conditions during Fill - Aeration phase of the cycle of operation.

14. Denitrification:
The process of denitrification of nitrates is represented as:
NO3 + BOD N2 + CO2 +OH +Cells
Denitrification releases nitrogen which escapes off as an inert gas to the atmosphere. I Co-Current
Nitrification and denltrification A balanced process is achieved and regulated by online-measuring of
the specific oxygen uptake rate In the basin in such a way that the floe reaction profile allows for
nitrification at the peripheral sections and denitrification at the inner parts of the floe as shown in
Figure below.
Fig.: Representative view of a sludge floe under a light microscope with suggested
zones for co-N/DN
Nitrification
Denitrification

15. Nitrate penetration is governed by its rate of diffusion which ls of the order of ten times that of
dissolved oxygen. Under aerated conditions there is typically no nitrate limitationin the interior
zone of the floe. Sufficie'!_t carbon provision for denitriflcatlon is achieved through the carbon
storage (biosorption) mechanism and the proportional DO demand regulation which minimizes
the use of substrate carbon by toxic metabolization. The process can be regulated such that
during the aeration phase there is nitrification and also denitriflcatlon taking place within the
floes. Denltrification also takes place during settling phase. Rising of activated sludge due to
nitrogen gas bubbling does not occur as during the relatively short time cycles only low
concentrations of nitrate nitrogen halve to be lenitrifire in each cycle
Process control using in-basin respiration enables a direct control over biological phosphorus
removal.
Enhanced Phosphorous Uptake
In aerobic zone PHB metaboll.zed,providing energy from oxidation and carbon for new cell
growth. The energy released from PHB oxidation to form polyphosphate bonds in cell storage so
that soluble orthophosphate is removed from solution and incorporated into polyphosphates
within the bacterial cell. As biomass is wasted after settling, stored phosphorus is removed from
the reactor for ultimate disposal with the waste sludge.

16. WORK PROGRESSING OF THE PROJECT
•Our site is the under construction a over Head.
• The working process of our site should be started a few days .
• By using of some mechanisms for water purification like a membrane
–based process, such as ultra filtration and microfiltration, involves
size-sieving filtration which removes small solids from water.
•Water purification, process by which undesired compounds organic
and inorganic materials, and biological contaminants are removed from
water.
•That process also includes distillation (the conversion of a liquid
form)and deionization ion removal through the extraction of dissolved
salts)
• The purification procedure reduces the concentration of
contaminants such a suspended particles parasites ,bacteria ,algae,
viruses ,and fungi.
•Stages of purification process
1.Ion exchange
2.Granular activated carbon
3.Sediment filter
4.Reverse osmosis
5.Five micron sediment filter
6.Ultravoilet disinfection
7.Five micron sediment filter
8.Ozonation
9.Storage and recirculation
10.Purified water dispensing

17. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Cox and J.Graham, “steps towards automatic clarification control,” in IEEE colloquium on advances in
control in the process industries: An exercise in Technology Transfer ,pp. 6/1-6,March 1994
2. D.Bevan ,C.Cox,and A .Adager, “Implemention issues when installing control and condition monitioring at
water treatments works”,in IEEE coloquium on Industrial Automation and Control: Distributed Control for
Automation ,pp.5/1-5/4,March 1998.
3. T-H,HAN,E- S.Nahm, K.-B..Woo,C.Kim,and j.-W .Ryun,”Optimization of coagulat dosing process in water
purification system ,”in procceding of the 36th SICE Annual conference , pp. 1105-1109, July 1997.
4. M.Onat and M.Dogruel, “Effluent turbidity control in direct filtration,” in proceedings of IEEE conference on
control applications ,vol.2,pp.1284-1289,June 2003
5. Y. Miyajima, T .Katou, R.Inaba, S.Kobayashi , and H.Ezure, “Aknowledge-based water purification control
system,” in proceedings of IEEE intrnational workshop on Artificial Intelligence for industrial applications,
pp. 445-460, May 1988
6. T.Kingham and T.Hoggart,”chlorination control in a large watertreatment works,” in IEEE colloquium on
application of advanced plc (Pro- grammable logic controller) systems with specific Experiences from water
treatment, pp.2/1-2/16, June 1995
7. O.Boubakar and J.Boubar , R. M’Hiri,M.Ksouri, and J.Babar,”SISO and MIMO variable structure control of
fixed bed bioreactors,” in UKACC internationl conference on control , vol.1,pp. 229-234, September 1998
8. O.Boubakar and J.Babary,” On SISO and MIMO sliding control of a disributed parameter biological process,”
in IEEE international conference on systems, Man and cybernetics,col.1,pp.50-55,October 1999
9. M.Zierolf , M.polycarpou, and J.Uber, ”A control –oriented approch to water quality modeling of drinking
water disrtibution systems, “ in proceedings of the 1996 IEEE international conference on control
applications, pp.596-601, September 1996
10. M.Polycarpou J.Uber,Z.Wang ,F.Shang, and M.Brdys ,”Feedback control of water quality, “IEEE control
systems maganize, vol.2,pp.68-87, June 2002

18. FUTURE SCOPES
1: Energy costs: The efficacy and efficiency of treatment systems would result in significantly less
waste and improved resource use. We wish to see new developing innovative technology used in the
sector, resulting in lower energy prices.
2:Restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions: With rising worry about global warming, there is a
greater awareness of greenhouse gas emissions across the world. Despite the benefits of
constructing WWTPs, their operations can have a negative impact on the environment, primarily through
the production of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous
oxide (N2O).
While CO2 emissions are mostly caused by energy consumption inside the WWTP, CH4 and N2O
emissions are caused by biological carbon and nitrogen conversion processes such as methanogenesis,
nitrification, and denitrification. The effects of climate change and its associated consequences (e.g.,
increased rainfall intensity and temperature) on the performance and operation of current wastewater
treatment systems are presented; as a result, tomorrow's treatment plants must consider reducing their
electrical energy consumption and developing processes that reduce emissions.
3:Increased urbanization: As our towns and cities develop in population, vacant land becomes less
available — space would have to be used more effectively. In the future, a wastewater treatment facility
would have to integrate innovative processes that utilize a considerably smaller footprint
.
4: Water demand, along with water scarcity: Perhaps one day, water supply difficulties will be
resolved with improved water treatment and distribution technologies. The public is becoming more
anxious about whether we are removing all hazardous germs from water, particularly in places
downstream of large river systems. Innovative bacteria-growing technologies will go much further in the
future, reducing our reliance on energy and increasing our efficiency.

19. CONCLUSION
The conclusion of waste water management is that it is essential for maintaining a healthy environment,
preserving natural resources, and preventing water pollution. It can have significant impacts on the
environment, public health, and the economy. Proper wastewater management is essential for
protecting our natural resources and maintaining sustainable development. By reducing potential
sources of contamination, proper wastewater management can reduce the amount of hazardous
pollutants that enter our water systems and improve the overall quality of our water. Additionally, proper
management can reduce the costs associated with treating sewage and industrial waste, as well as energy
expenditures. Effective waste management can also create or sustain employment opportunities
associated with the operations and maintenance of treatment facilities.
This wastewater treatment project is that it has been successful in improving the quality and safety of
the water. The treatment process is effective in removing pollutants and contaminants from the water,
resulting in a significantly improved water quality that meets regulatory standards and is safe for
environment use.
Waste water treatment is an essential part of protecting the environment and public health. It involves
removing pollutants, contaminants, and other hazardous materials from wastewater before it can be
released into the environment. Proper waste water treatment is necessary to prevent water pollution and
keep our waterways clean and safe.
The proper disposal and treatment of waste is an essential part of any effective environmental
management system. To bring an effective conclusion to waste treatment, there needs to be a
commitment to reducing and reusing resources, and utilizing proper waste disposal techniques. The
implementation of a proper recycling program, as well as the implementation of sustainable waste
management practices, will help prevent pollution and protect the environment. Furthermore,
educating the public about the importance of proper waste disposal is essential to ensure that the
proper steps are taken to sustain a safe and healthy environment.

20. ADVANTAGES
1. Time-Efficient:
Gone are the days when sewage was cleared manually by the workers. With the advent of the latest
technology, everything has gone exceptionally smoothly. A sewage treatment plant can treat large
amounts of sewage quickly, making it more time-efficient. Apart from this now, wastewater is
filtered so that it can be reused for other purposes.
2. Occupies Meager Space:
Do you have the conception that plants and devices take huge spaces? But don’t worry, the sewage
treatment plant occupies very little space, and hence it’s convenient for you to set up at your big or a
small store. They are compact and easy to transport.
3. Simple and easy installation:
Sewage water plant do not have a complex structure for installation. They are straightforward to
install, have low plant operations. They can be installed even above the ground and are very reliable.
4. Eco-friendly:
STP’s are eco-friendly. They reduce the risk to public health and the environment. It has a well-
proven technology to offer reliable performance at all times. The most significant advantage of STP
is that they preserve the natural environment against pollution at all times.

21. DISADVANTAGES
1.Continuous Power Supply:
The sewage treatment plant’s operating system requires an endless amount of electricity to operate. In
the absence, it can potentially stop working and even cause a few problems.
2. Leaves an Environmental footprint:
Though Sewage treatment plant are designed to be eco-friendly, some facilities still leave an
environmental impression when water is treated. Because the organic waste treated needs to go
somewhere, and sometimes it causes harm.
3. Maintenance:
A STP requires annual maintenance to check its proper functioning. If you fail to incur maintenance
costs at the end of the year or forget to maintain it, you probably have missed out on something
important.
Netsol Water is leader manufacturer of water and waste water treatment and equipments. We are the
India's largest water treatment industry with effluent treatment plant manufacturer, sewage treatment
plant manufacturer, industrail RO plants manufacturer and commercial RO plant manufacturer having
its own manufacturing unit in Grater Noida, Delhi, India.

22. THANK YOU
D. VENU
(19TK1A0109)