water pollution in pakistan definition,causes,impacts,solutions,dams

1. Presentation
WATER POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN
Credits : Ayesha Naz

2. What is water pollution?
•Waterpollution is caused by the intentional orunintentional release of toxic
chemicals/materials, contaminants and harmful compounds into various bodies
of watersuch as rivers, lakes and the ocean.
•Without properdisposal orfiltration of these pollutants they can spread
throughout the waterand affect all living animals and organisms that come
into contact with it by contaminating any living thing that requires waterfor
survival.
Only 3% of world wateris considered fresh water. The majority of freshwater
is found in lakes, ice and glaciers.

3. PRESENT SITUATION IN
PAKISTAN
• About 20% of the whole population of Pakistan has access to safe drinking
water. The remaining 80% of population is forced to use unsafe drinking
water due to the scarcity of safe and healthy drinking water sources.
• Drinking water sources, both surface and groundwater are contaminated
with coliforms, toxic metals and pesticides throughout the country.
•
In Pakistan, microbial pollution has been discovered as one of the serious
problems in rural as well as urban areas. This is due to the leakage of pipe,
pollution from sewage lines intrusion into drinking water supplies, and so
forth.

4. Meanwhile, in 2017, the According to
Water Aid,
•Pakistan is one of the 36 most water-
stressed countries in the world.
•Pakistan is also in the top 10 of
countries with the most people living
without clean drinking water.
•Currently, 16 million people in
Pakistan have no other option than
collecting unsafe water for drinking
and cleaning, leading to massive
amounts of water-borne disease

5. ACCORDING TO RESEARCH
A study conducted by UNICEF found that 20-40 percent of the hospital beds in Pakistan are occupied
by patients suffering from water-related diseases.
The United Nations has estimated that up to 3.5 million children are at high risk from deadly water-
borne diseases in Pakistan as a result of the country’s devastating water situation.
In terms of financial loss, the country is bearing Rs.112 billion per year as water, sanitation and
hygiene-related diseases cost more than Rs. 300 million per day to treat.
Researchers at the Pakistan Medical Research Council recognize that a large proportion of diseases
in Pakistan are caused by the consumption of polluted water. Even the 38 percent of the population
that receives water through pipelines runs the risk of consuming seriously contaminated water.

6. Types of water pollution
• Surface water pollution
Found on the exterior of the Earth’s crust, oceans, rivers and lakes
• Groundwater Pollution
Found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers
• Microbiological pollution
Microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land
animals and humans
• Oxygen Depletion pollution
Microorganisms that in water and feeds on biodegradable substances

7. CAUSES OF WATER
POLLUTION
Dumping
•When people dump waste and
garbage in and around water sources,
whether on purpose or accidentally,
this illegal dumping paves the way for
serious water pollution down the line.
• Garbage that decays or otherwise
seeps into the water can pollute it with
bacteria, chemicals, and more that
spread to humans who drink from that
source.

8. Sewers and septic systems
•When improperly installed or not
maintained or cleaned correctly,
sewers and septic systems can
cause human waste to leach into
groundwater sources and
sometimes directly into surface
water as well.
• This can spread serious illness
and cause widespread disease
when it isn’t caught early.

9. Factories
• Factories cause runoff
that pollutes groundwater,
but they also often dump
wastewater directly into
surface water sources.
• They also contribute to
air pollution, which in turn
further pollutes water
sources and sometimes
causes acid rain.

10. Oil spills and leaks
• Of course, oil spills and leaks
are some of the most well-
known sources of water
pollution, and they always
pose a potential threat.
• Even when a spill isn’t a huge
one, it can still cause a lot of
damage and take years to
completely remove from water
sources

11. Agriculture
• Agriculture is another source of
runoff problems, but it also
contributes to water pollution
through pesticide use.
• Pesticides seep into groundwater
or are carried to surface water by
runoff and can cause poisoning
and illness in humans and animals
who drink them.
• In some agricultural areas,
animals with diseases may die or
defecate in water sources and
spread illness in this way

12. SOLUTIONS/SUGGESTION
S
TO
WATER POLLUTION

13. PROPER SEWAGE TREATMENT
• As a way of reducing the
pollution load to zero, there is a
need for the more advanced
engineered cleaning process.
• Some developed worlds have
sewage treatment plants with
extra systems for eliminating
pathogens and nutrients.
• Other regions should emulate
this strategy to reduce sewage
pollutant loads to zero.
.

14. • Continued maintenance including
replacement and repair of leaking and
faulty sewage processing infrastructure.
• Reducing the hydraulic overload by
increasing the volume carriage capacity of
the sewage at the central collection point.

15. Creating Maintenance and
Monitoring Program
• Just building and upgrading sewage treatment plants
and septic systems are not enough. A monitoring
program should be in place to keep those systems
effective
• Septic systems should be investigate and monitored in
every 3 to 5 years interval to check their functionality.
• A site and technology specific maintenance protocol
should be develop for each sewage treatment plant. A
regulating body should be there to report and track
effluent quality regularly.

16. Green Agricultural Practices
• Farmers can formulate
and put into practice
nutrient management
plans to curtail excess
nutrients application
thereby reducing the
potential for phosphates
and nitrates pollution.

17. • The impacts of pesticides and
herbicides application can be
managed by using integrated
pest management (IPM)
techniques such as :
Biological pest control to control
pests and minimize
dependence on chemical
pesticides.

18. Individual Efforts and
Educative Campaigns
• There are immeasurable ways
individuals and groups can take
initiative or educate people on the
dangers of water pollution.
• Individuals and groups aware of
the dangers of water pollution can
educate family, friends, and even
the society as a whole through
joint campaigns and advocacy.
•
• Examples include the use of
media, institutions, and online
educative forums. Educative
topics can include

19. • The need to use waste bins by never throwing rubbish into riversides, beaches or
water bodies.
• Avoiding throwing of oils, paints, chemicals and medicines in sink drain or toilet can
as well contribute to reducing the dangers of water pollution.
• Waste consumer products and utilities such as drugs, battery cells, and other
chemical wastes can be disposed at designated disposal points where the relevant
authorities can collect and dispose them effectively.
• Planting lots of trees and vegetation within our localities can reduce storm water
currents, so that when it rains, sediments and chemicals do not easily drain into the
waters.

20. Industrial Waste Water
Treatment
• Industrial facilities generate water pollutants like oil, petroleum
hydrocarbons, toxic chemical compounds, heavy metals, and other
contaminants such as ammonia.
• Reducing the water pollution effects caused by industries thus,
require well-designed treatment and water cooling systems.
• The installation of pre-treatment facilities and adoption of quality
waste treatment protocols can extensively help to eliminate the toxic
contaminants.

21. Industrial Waste Water
Treatment
• All manufacturing industries
should assure they have a
well-designed treatment facility
that can prevent water
pollution by cooling, treating
and removing all the toxic
components of the waste
discharged into water bodies.

22. Creating New Laws and Guidelines and
Enforcing Existing Ones
• Government bodies can create more stringent guidelines and regulations
against polluting existing water bodies.
• Regulations should be strictly enforced to limit toxic chemicals such as
environmental hormone like substance. Bisphenol, antibiotics and other
toxic chemical substances from getting into water bodies.
Anti-pollution laws can as well establish measures that put restrictions for top
water pollution problems such as sewage and industrial waste treatments
and garbage management. These laws should be directed to marketplaces,
industries, hospitals, schools, and the local councils.

23. • In addition government should
allocate adequate funds and
efforts to restore already polluted
water bodies like lakes, reservoir,
beach front etc
• Sometimes laws and regulations
may exist but not follow by the
polluters. In such cases action
may require from the government
bodies for their strict enforcement.

24. Conserving water
• One of the best ways to stop water pollution is to save water. Reduce
water will send less polluted water to water wash treatment plants and
septic systems.
• There are many ways to conserved water. One such example is
collecting and using rain water for lawn and garden. Using efficient
toilet flushing system that uses less water than conventional one is
another option. Household appliances like dishwasher often use a
plenty of water.
• According the dishwasher whenever possible can also save a lot of
water usage at home. Sometimes small steps and efforts can produce
a big chance if done collectively. So individually everyone should put
an effect to minimize utilizing and polluting water less.

25. We Need Dams
• Three main dams Mangla,
Tarbela and Warsak were
constructed for the purpose of
generating electricity and
irrigating agriculture.
The WADPA Chairman rightly
said that Pakistan has a water
storage capacity of only 30
days, whereas India has water
reserves which can meet its
requirements for 170 days.
But now we need more
Dams !!

26. Pakistan Council of Research in
Water Resources (PCRWR)
announced that Pakistan would
run out of water by 2025.
Since Pakistan take
initiative to start the
construction of
Diamer Basha
Mohmand Dam

27. Kalabagh dam
• It will generate Rs 1600
crore annually through the
sale of power and an equal
amount through water
releases from the Kalabagh
reservoir to supplement
irrigation supplies.
• Kalabagh dam is our best
chance at stopping the
wastage of billions of
gallons of water during the
monsoon season. It will
also produce around 4,500
megawatts of cheap
electricity.

28. •THANKS