Presented by Dhanashree Kavhale. M. Pharm.(Pharmaceutical Chemistry) 1st year.
Various organic named reactions are there in Advanced Organic Chemistry I, as some of them are explained along with their mechanism.
Mitsunubu reaction had been synthesised by Japanese scientist OYO Mitsunbu.
It involves the Conversion of primary, Secondary alcohol into the ester group.
It follows SN2 mechanism.
synthesis of hetero-cyclic drugs which act as anti-malarial drugs where you get all information about synthesis, preparation, properties, uses of drugs.
Mitsunubu reaction had been synthesised by Japanese scientist OYO Mitsunbu.
It involves the Conversion of primary, Secondary alcohol into the ester group.
It follows SN2 mechanism.
synthesis of hetero-cyclic drugs which act as anti-malarial drugs where you get all information about synthesis, preparation, properties, uses of drugs.
Introduction
Classification
Therapeutic values of peptidomimetics
Design of peptidomimetics by manipulation of amino acids
Modification of peptide backbone
Chemistry of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes
There are many ways that drug-resistant infections can be prevented: immunization, safe food preparation, handwashing, and using antibiotics as directed and only when necessary. In addition, preventing infections also prevents the spread of resistant bacteria.The main cause of antibiotic resistance is antibiotic use. When we use antibiotics, some bacteria die but resistant bacteria can survive and even multiply. The overuse of antibiotics makes resistant bacteria more common. The more we use antibiotics, the more chances bacteria have to become resistant to them.
Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapyAkshay Kank
In this slide the active constituents which is isolated from herbal sources used for to treat the type 1 and type 2 diabetes is covered. 'Gymnema' and 'swerita chirata' herbal plant is also covered in the slide.This work help in to focus the herbal emphasis on diabetes.
It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
Introduction
Classification
Therapeutic values of peptidomimetics
Design of peptidomimetics by manipulation of amino acids
Modification of peptide backbone
Chemistry of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes
There are many ways that drug-resistant infections can be prevented: immunization, safe food preparation, handwashing, and using antibiotics as directed and only when necessary. In addition, preventing infections also prevents the spread of resistant bacteria.The main cause of antibiotic resistance is antibiotic use. When we use antibiotics, some bacteria die but resistant bacteria can survive and even multiply. The overuse of antibiotics makes resistant bacteria more common. The more we use antibiotics, the more chances bacteria have to become resistant to them.
Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapyAkshay Kank
In this slide the active constituents which is isolated from herbal sources used for to treat the type 1 and type 2 diabetes is covered. 'Gymnema' and 'swerita chirata' herbal plant is also covered in the slide.This work help in to focus the herbal emphasis on diabetes.
It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
B.phram
Semester .4
Subject : Organic chemistry - III
Use as reference and also usable for examination prearation.
gtu afflitited phramacy college's student may using this ppt.
Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient nitrogen as an intermed...CCSU
The following slides presents molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient nitrogen as an intermediate. And electron deficient nitrogen intermediate is nitrene. Such molecular rearrangements are: Beckmann rearrangement, Hofmann rearrangement, Curtius rearrangement, Schmidt rearrangement.
Organic Chemistry Name Reaction with mechanisms 140TusharRanjanNath
140 name reactions in brief. Its mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages. All structures were made by individuals without pasting from other sources.
THIS PRESENTATION CONTAIN INTRODUCTION, STRUCTURE, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND CONTAINING ONE HETERO ATOM - QUINOLINE, ISOQUINOLINE AND INDOLE
By Dhanashree R. Kavhale M.Pharm. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Sem II.
Flash chromatograpy is the advanced form of column chromatography in which the pressure is aplied for faster elution..
Prepare by Dhanashree R. Kavhale. M.Pharm.(Pharmaceutical Chemistry) I year. Various solubility enhancement techniques are used for gaining desired pharmacological effect. Naming Physical , chemical modification, pH adjustment, supercritical fluid etc.
Alkaloids presented by Dhanashree Kavhale M.Pharm. I semester (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
Alkaloids are secondary metabolites produced by plants in a unique pattern.
Microwave assisted reactions prepared by Dhanashree Kavhale. M. Pharm. II semester (Pharmaceutical Chemistry).
The microwave chemistry is also called as Green Chemistry.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Index
1. Ugi Reaction
2. Brook Rearrangement
3. Ullman Coupling Reactions
4. Dieckmann Reaction
5. Doebner-Miller Reaction
6. Sandmeyer Reaction
7. Michael Addition Reaction
3. Ugi Reaction
The Ugi reaction was first reported by I. Ugi in 1959.
it is classified as an isocyanide-based multicomponent
reaction.
The reaction is usually conducted in a polar protic solvent
such as methanol, and some success in water has been
shown.
non-polar halogenated solvents prove detrimental, as
most amines are insoluble, favoring the occurrence of the
Passerini reaction.
Ugi reaction is a multi-component reaction in organic
chemistry involving a ketone or aldehyde, an amine, an
isocyanide and a carboxylic acid to form a bis-amide.
4. A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is generally defined as any process
in which three or more reactants combine in one pot to form a
product that incorporates structural features of each reagent.
Mechanism of Ugi reaction :
1. Imine formation with amine v/s ketone.
2. Proton exchange ( forming iminium ion)
3. Nucleophilic addition of isocyanide.
4. Nucleophilic addition of carboxylic acid anion.
5. Numm’s Rearrangement.
5. Applications :
1. The Ugi reaction is one of the first reactions to be exploited explicitly
to develop chemical libraries. Eg: Isoquinolines from Ugi.
2. Additionally, many of the caine-type anesthetics are synthesized using
this reaction.
6. Sandmeyer Reaction
synthesis aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as
reagents or catalysts.
The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic
aromatic substitution (SRNAr).
Sandmeyer reaction is unique one as we can do transformation of
benzene such as halogenation, trifluoromethylation, hydroxylation
etc.
7. Mechanism of Sandmeyer's reaction :
1.Formation of nitrosonium ion:
2. Formation of benzodiazonium ion:
3. Single electron transfer and formation of aryl halide :
8. Application of Sandmeyer's Reaction:
1. Used for synthesis of aryl halides.
2. For Cynation eg: synthesis of fluanxol and Neoamphimedine.
3. Trifluoromethylation : Sandmeyer-type reactions can be used to
generate aryl compounds functionalized by trifluoromethyl
substituent groups.
4. For hydroxylation process.
9. Brook Rearrangement
The rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian
chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook.
In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any [1,n]
carbon to oxygen silyl migration.
It this reaction an organosilyl group switches position with the
hydrogen proton over a carbon to oxygen covalent bond under the
influence of base.
10. Mechanism of Brooks rearrangement:
Applications of Brook Rearrangement:
1. K.takede and co-workers synthesized the tricyclic core of cyanthins.
2. Developed an new synthetic strategy for the stereoselective
construction of 8 membered carbocyclic compound.
11. Ullman Coupling Reaction
The Ullmann reaction is an organic named reaction that involves the
coupling of two aryl halides in the presence of copper to yield a biaryl
as the product.
Traditionally this reaction is affected by copper, but palladium and
nickel are also effective catalysts.
General reaction is illustrated below:
12. mechanism of the Ullmann reaction:
formation of an active copper(I) species upon the introduction of the
aryl halide to an excess of metallic copper under relatively high
temperatures.
This copper(I) species undergoes further oxidative addition with
another haloarene molecule, linking the two molecules.
13. the copper compound formed by the two aryl halide molecules
undergoes reductive elimination, resulting in the formation of a new
carbon-carbon bond between the two aryl compounds.
Applications:
1. Biphenylenes can be obtained from 2,2-diiodobiphenyl.
2. employed for the closure of five-membered rings.
3. Chiral reactants can be coupled into a chiral product via this reaction.
14. Doebner-Miller Reaction
This reaction is generally used for the synthesis of Quinolines with
substituents on the pyridinoid ring.
The Doebner–Miller reaction is the organic reaction of an aniline with
α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form quinolines.
his reaction is also known as the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline
synthesis.
15. Mechanism of Doebner-Miller Reaction :
Applications:
1. synthesis of quinolines with substituents on the pyridinoid ring.
16. Dieckman Reaction
The Dieckman condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of
diesters with base to give β-keto esters.
named after the German chemist Walter Dieckman. The equivalent
intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensation.
18. Applications of Dieckman reaction:
1. Dieckman condensation has been used to form five and six-membered
rings in a number of synthesis of natural products.
such as α-pinene, oestrone, cyclic indole, and so on.
19. Michael Addition Reaction
The Michael reaction is a nucleophilic addition reaction involving the
addition of a carbanion (or any other suitable nucleophile) to an 𝛼,𝛽-
unsaturated carbonyl compound that contains a functional group
which is electron-withdrawing in nature.
It belongs to the larger class of conjugate additions and is widely used
for the mild formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
Michael donor Michael acceptor
20. Mechanism:
1. formation of nucleophile.
2. Conjugate addition of nu- to α- β unsaturated carbonyl compound.
3. Protonation.
21. Applications:
1. Michael addition to form a seven-membered oxazepane ring.
2. Used in preparation of di,tri, carboxylic acids.
3. Preparation of ketones and diketones.
4. Preparation of cyclopropane derivatives.
22. References
Nelson, T. D.; Crouch, R. D. (2004). "Cu, Ni, and Pd Mediated
Homocoupling Reactions in Biaryl Syntheses: The Ullmann Reaction".
Org. React. 63: 265. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or063.03. ISBN
0471264180.
Areces P, Gil MV, Higes FJ, Román E, Serrano JA. Stereoselective
Michael addition reactions of 5-glyco-4-nitrocyclohex-1-enes.
Tetrahedron letters. 1998 Nov 12;39(46):8557-60.
Ugi I, Lohberger S, Karl R. The Passerini and Ugi Reactions.
Oprea TI, Gottfries J, Sherbukhin V, Svensson P, Kühler TC. Chemical
information management in drug discovery: optimizing the
computational and combinatorial chemistry interfaces. Journal of
Molecular Graphics and Modelling. 2000 Jan 1;18(4-5):512-24.
Naganuma K, Kawashima T, Okazaki R. Control Factors of Two
Reaction Modes of Pentacoordinate 1, 2-Oxasiletanides, the Peterson
Reaction and Homo-Brook Rearrangement. Chemistry Letters. 1999
Nov;28(11):1139-40.
