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Space Division Multiplexing
The presentation discusses space division multiplexing (SDM) as a significant advancement in fiber optic technology, highlighting its evolution from multimode fibers to multi-core fibers. It examines the advantages and limitations of different optical fibers and SDM types, such as few-mode fibers and multi-core fibers, emphasizing their potential to increase transmission capacity. Key challenges include inter-core crosstalk and the need for complex processing equipment.
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Space Division Multiplexing
- 1. A PRESENTATION ON SPACE DIVISIONMULTIPLEXING A NEW MILESTONE IN THE EVOLUTION OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION 1 Md. Mahmudul Hasan Ahmed Saif Muntaseer Rekha Saha Electronics & Communication Engineering Discipline Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- 2. Fiber parameters Optical fiber evolution Space Division Multiplexing Why Space Division Multiplexing Space Division Multiplexing types Few Mode Fiber Multi Core Fiber Advantages Limitations Contents 2
- 3. 3 Fiber parameters Acceptance angle Defined by the conical half angle θa
- 4. Optical fiber communication Numericalaperture Equation of numerical aperture NA = (n1 2 – n2 2)1/2 Numerical aperture of step index fiber is given as NA = n1 √2∆ Where, ∆= 𝑛12−𝑛22 𝑛1 , and is called fractional index change 4
- 5. Optical window 5 Most commonlythree types of optical windows is used in optical fiber communication
- 6. 6 First generation opticalfiber Multimode optical fibers LED sources Operated in the 850 nm wavelength region. Optical fiber evolution
- 7. Advantage of themultimode fiber Large core High numerical aperture Disadvantage Intermodal dispersion. 7 Optical fiber evolution (cont.)
- 8. Second generation opticalfiber Single mode fiber Single mode lasers Uses 1300 nm wavelength region. Optical fiber evolution (cont.) 8
- 9. Advantage Attenuation isless than that in 850 nm. Nearly zero dispersion Disadvantage Exhibit attenuation 9 Optical fiber evolution (cont.)
- 10. Optical fiber evolution(cont.) Third generation optical fiber Uses 1550nm wavelength region For minimizing chromatic dispersion, Dispersion Shifted Optical fiber (DSF) was implemented. 10
- 11. Optical fiber evolution(cont.) Advantage Attenuation is lowest in 1550nm window Disadvantage Very large Chromatic dispersion 11
- 12. Space division multiplexing 12 Space Several parallel spatial paths usually at the same time, data buses ribbon cables and twisted pair cables A method by which optical transmission media are physically separated by waveguides or space in order to maintain channel separations.
- 13. Why space divisionmultiplexing 13 There are several ways to increase optical transmission capacity over a fixed bandwidth, These are- • Modulation using different amplitude levels • Polarization • Frequency is used in Wavelength Division Multiplexing And most of them are already being used
- 14. Multiplexing techniques Fig: Waysto modulate and multiplex channels to increase system capacity in optical transmission. 14
- 15. Space division multiplexingtypes 15 In fact, the only remaining unused dimension is space, and there are two basic strategies for achieving spatial separation within a fiber • Few mode fiber • Multi core fiber
- 16. Few mode fiber 16 Infew-mode fibers (FMFs) the size and the refractive index of a single fiber core is chosen such that several propagation modes are supported by the fiber. allows several modes its core needs to be quite larger micrometers large numerical aperture these modes act as individual communication channels
- 17. Few mode fibersignificance 17 Few-mode fibers (FMFs) can have the same performance as single- mode fibers in terms of dispersion and loss It is possible to use these fibers in the single-mode operation where all the data is carried in only one of the spatial modes throughout the fiber.
- 18. Multi core fiber(cont.) Have several cores Within same cladding Two cross-sectional view is shown here 18
- 19. Multi core fiber(cont.) ^=core-to-core distance (core pitch) D=cladding diameter ∆=Refractive index difference between core T=outer cladding thickness 19 Fiber parameters and cross sectional view of a 19 core fiber
- 20. Fiber design consideration 20 Fundamentalconsideration Crosstalk suppression, Core-density improvement Core-arrangement optimization
- 21. Different core arrangement Differentcore arrangement 21
- 22. Crosstalk minimization concept Differentcore arrangement is proposed for minimizing crosstalk of a MCF 22Hole assisted MCF Trench assisted fiber
- 23. Advantages 23 Gives betterutilize of individual optical channels. Provides Pb/s data rate
- 24. 24 Limitations Inter-core crosstalk Compatibility problem Costly equipment Requires complex Digital signal processing, and MIMI techniques.
- 25.
Editor's Notes
- #5 Numerical aperture is the light collecting efficiency of the fiber and is the measure of the amount of light rays that can be accepted by the fiber. n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of core and cladding respectively
- #9 To minimize dispersion, single mode fiber was introduce that is second generation
- #10 In this region attenuation is less than that in 850 nm. Disadvantage is It exhibits nearly zero dispersion in this wavelength region
- #11 To minimize attenuation 1550nm wavelength was used for light propagation. It has dispersion, that’s why DCF was used
- #12 Chromatic dispersion of a standard single-mode fiber in 1550nm wavelength window is very large (+17 ps/(km*nm)) For minimizing chromatic dispersion, Dispersion compensating fiber was introduced
- #15 Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is a scheme in which numerous signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or channel. Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation. Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves. QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) is a method of combining two amplitude-modulated (AM) signals into a single channel,
- #17 Multi-mode fibers are a type of fiber that it allows several modes to be transmitted through its medium able to send more modes than the fundamental LP01 This larger core allows us to have a large numerical aperture thus enables the fiber be easily coupled, also easier for splicing
- #20 Most recently researchers attained 1.01 Pb/s data capacity by implementing 12 Core fiber [2].
- #24 It is capable of terabit per second Tb/s throughput once the connection has been made.