Mutually Supportive Management Systems (MSM) describes how effective control systems rely on the mutual support of both formal and informal systems. The Mackenzie framework of the Seven S's provides conceptual support for MSM, identifying seven mutually supportive systems: staff, skills, strategies, structures, systems, style of leadership, and shared values. A management control system refers to the formal processes and procedures that managers use to influence members of an organization to implement its strategies, with an effective system featuring a recurring cycle of activities.