The document presents definitions for various common management terminology presented by Ms. Komal Mahajan. It defines key terms related to the basic functions of management like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It also discusses organizational structures, styles of management, and approaches like total quality management and change management. Terms around authority, responsibility, accountability, and management systems are introduced.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
SOME COMMON MANAGEMENT
TERMINOLOGY
PRESENTED BY –
MS. KOMAL MAHAJAN
ASTT. PROF. IN COMMERCE

2. SOME COMMON MANAGEMENT TERMS
 MANAGEMENT – The organization and coordination of the
activities of business in order to achieve defined objectives.
It is the art of getting things done through people.
 ADMINISTRATION - Administration means the overall
determination of policies, setting of major objectives, the
identification of general purposes and laying down of broad
programmes and projects.
 ORGANIZATION – A social unit of people structured and
managed to meet a need or pursue collective goals.
 PLANNING – A basic management function involving
formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve
optimum balance of needs or demands with the available
resources.

3.  ORGANIZING – Another function of management where
physical, financial and human resources are brought
together and productive relationship amongst them is
developed in order to achieve organisational goals.
 STAFFING – It is the function of manning the organization
structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal
and development of personnel to fill the roles designed in
the structure.
 DIRECTING – It is the managerial function which deals
directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating
subordinates for the achievement of organisational goals.
 COORDINATION - The synchronisation and integration of
activities, responsibilities and command and control
structures to ensure that resources are used efficiently to
achieve the objectives.

4.  CONTROLLING – It is the measurement and correction of
performance activities of subordinates in order to make
sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to
obtain them as being accomplished.
 SUPERVISION – It implies overseeing the work of
subordinates by their superiors.
 MOTIVATION – It means inspiring, stimulating or
encouraging the subordinates with zeal to work.
 LEADERSHIP – It may be defined as a process by which
manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in
desired direction.
 COMMUNICATION – It is the process of passing
information, experience, opinion etc. from one person to
another.

5.  ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE – The hierarchical
arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights
and duties of an organization.
 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY – Transfer of Authority
and the associated responsibility from an employer or
superior to an employee or subordinate.
 CENTRALISATION – The concentration of management
and decision making power at the top of organisational
structure.
 DECENTRALISATION – It is the transfer of authorities,
functions, rights, duties, powers and accountability of the
top level management to middle or lower level of
management.

6.  AUTHORITY – It is the power or right to command a
situation, commit resources, give orders and expect them to
be obeyed and is always accompanied by Responsibility.
 RESPONSIBILITY – An obligation to perform or complete a
task satisfactorily that must be fulfilled and if not performed
properly results in penalty for failure.
 ACCOUNTABILITY – The obligation to account for the
activities performed, accept responsibility for the same and
to disclose the results in a transparent manner.
 SPAN OF CONTROL – The number of subordinates that a
manager or supervisor can directly control.

7.  MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES – It is a management
model that aims to improve performance of an
organisation by clearly defining objectives that are agreed
by both management and employees.
 MANAGEMENT BY EXCEPTION – It is a practice
whereby only the information that indicates a significant
deviation of actual results from the budgeted or planned
results is brought to the management’s notice.
 LINE AUTHORITY – It is the relationship where superior
exercises direct supervision over a subordinate.
 STAFF AUTHORITY – It is the relationship where
counseling is provided to the company’s management
personnel or line managers.

8.  FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY – It is the relationship where
right is delegated to individual or department to control
specified processes, practices or other matters relating to
activities undertaken by persons in other departments.
 CHAIN OF COMMAND – The order in which authority and
power in an organisation is wielded and delegated from top
management to every employee at every level of the
organization.
 UNITY OF COMMAND – Principle which states that an
employee or employees is/are responsible to only one
supervisor.
 UNITY OF DIRECTION – This principle states that all the
employees having same objective must be directed towards
the achievement of the common goal and thus must have
One Head, One Plan.

9.  MANAGEMENT STYLE - A management style is an
overall method of leadership used by a manager. There are
two sharply contrasting styles viz. Autocratic and
Pessimisive.
 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM - Management
Information System (MIS) refers to the processing of
information through computers to manage and support
managerial decisions within an organization.
 STRATEGY - Strategy is the direction and scope of an
organization over the long-term, which achieves
advantage for the organization through its configuration
of resources within a challenging environment, to meet
the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder
expectations.

10.  STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Strategic management
involves the formulation and implementation of the major
goals and initiatives taken by a company's top
management on behalf of owners, based on consideration
of resources and an assessment of the internal and external
environments in which the organization competes.
 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT – Total Quality
Management (TQM) is a management approach of an
organization centered on quality, based n the participation
of all its members and aiming at long term success through
customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the
organization and the society.
 CHANGE MANAGEMENT - Change management is the
process, tools and techniques to manage the people side of
change to achieve the required business outcome.