Multiplexer
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This document discusses multiplexers and their types. It lists the group members working on the topic and provides an introduction to multiplexers, describing them as having multiple inputs and one output to combine and send signals. It then describes the main types of multiplexers: time division, dense wavelength division, frequency division, wavelength division, and statistical. Examples of multiplexer applications discussed include communication systems, computer memory, and signal transmission from satellites.
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Multiplexer and demultiplexer applications.ppsx 3
This document discusses multiplexers and demultiplexers. It defines a multiplexer as a device with multiple inputs and a single output that uses select lines to determine which input is connected to the output. Demultiplexers are defined as having a single input and multiple outputs, with the select lines determining which output receives the signal. The document discusses types of multiplexers and demultiplexers and their applications in communication systems, computer memory, telephone networks, and transmitting data from satellites and computers.
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A multiplexer is a circuit that selects one of several input signals and outputs the selected signal. It has multiple inputs but only one output. A demultiplexer is the opposite - it has one input but multiple outputs, and can direct its input signal to one of its multiple outputs. Multiplexers and demultiplexers are often used together in applications like communication systems to efficiently transmit multiple signals over a single transmission line.
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Multiplexers & Demultiplexers
Multiplexers and demultiplexers allow digital information from multiple sources to be routed through a single line. A multiplexer has multiple data inputs, select lines to choose an input, and a single output. A demultiplexer has a single input, select lines to choose an output, and multiple outputs. Bigger multiplexers and demultiplexers can be built by cascading smaller ones. Multiplexers can implement logic functions by using the select lines as variables and routing the input lines to the output.
MULTIPLEXER
A multiplexer is a digital circuit that has multiple inputs and a single output. It selects one of the multiple input lines to pass to its output based on a digital select line. A multiplexer uses select lines to determine which input is passed to the output. Multiplexers come in different sizes depending on the number of inputs and select lines, such as 2-to-1, 4-to-1, and 8-to-1 multiplexers. Multiplexers are used in applications such as data communications, audio/video routing, and implementing digital logic functions.
Multiplexer
A multiplexer has N control inputs, 2^N data inputs, and 1 output. It routes the selected data input to the output based on the value of the control inputs. The document provides examples of using multiplexers to build larger multiplexers, including an 8-to-1 multiplexer using 4-to-1 and 2-to-1 multiplexers, and a 16-to-1 multiplexer using only 4-to-1 multiplexers. It also mentions multiplexers can be designed in VHDL.
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The truth table is not complete because it is missing the encoding for when no inputs are active. A complete truth table would include a row for all zero inputs to specify the output in that case.
The output equations are:
A0 = D7
A1 = D6 + D5 + D4 + D3
A2 = D2 + D1 + D0
This encodes the highest priority input on the lowest two bits, with the next two highest priorities on the middle bit, and any active input setting the highest bit.
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A multiplexer is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. It acts as a multiple-input, single-output switch allowing multiple signals to share a transmission medium such as a copper wire or fiber optic cable. Multiplexers come in several varieties depending on the number of inputs they can handle, including 2 to 1, 4 to 1, 8 to 1, and 16 to 1 models which require 1, 2, 3, and 4 select lines respectively to choose the desired input signal.
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A multiplexer is a digital circuit that has multiple inputs and a single output. It selects one of the multiple input lines and outputs it depending on the value of the select lines. A 4-to-1 multiplexer has 4 data inputs, 2 select lines, and 1 output. The value of the select lines determines which of the 4 inputs is output. Multiplexers are used when multiple data sources need to be transmitted over a single line or routed, such as in telecommunications, computers, and audio/video systems to select different input channels.
Demultiplexers
A demultiplexer has N control inputs that determine which of its 2N outputs receives the single data input. It performs the opposite function of a multiplexer by routing the data input to the selected output based on the control input values. Demultiplexers are used to distribute a data signal to multiple outputs based on a select code.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Multiplexer
- 2. GROUP MEMBERS • REHAN AHMED 14CS51 • ALI MEHDI SUBHAN 14CS04 • ARSLAN ASLAM 14CS05 • SYED SHER UL HASSAN SHAH 14CS67
- 4. MULTIPLEXER • MULTIPLEXERS ALSO TERMED (MUX) HAVE SEVERAL INPUTS AND ONE OUTPUT, IT ALLOWS MANY LOW SPEED DIGITAL OR ANALOG SIGNALS TO BE INPUTTED AND COMBINED AND MODIFY THEM TO BE SENT AS A SINGLE OUTPUT. • IT IS ALSO CALLED ‘DATA SELECTORS’, AS HAVING NO. OF INPUTS, ANINPUT LINE CAN BE SELECTED TO SEND THE OUTPUT. IT HAS MULTIPLE INPUT LINES, ONE CONTROL LINE AND ONE OUTPUT. • IT ALSO ACTS AS THE AMPLIFIER AS IT AMPLIFIES THE MULTIPLE SIGNALS AND SENDS THE SIGNALS AT HIGHER SPEED TO A SHARED DEVICE.
- 7. TYPES OF MULTIPLEXERS THERE ARE MULTIPLE TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE; • 1. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • 2. FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • 3. WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • 4. DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • 5. STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXER
- 8. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXER IS A TYPE OF MULTIPLEXER IN WHICH THE INCOMING LOW-SPEED SIGNAL ARE ALLOTTED EQUAL FIXED LENGTH TIME SLOTS AND THEN TRANSMITTEDOVER THE ONE CHANNEL NETWORK IN SUCCESSIVE TIME SEGMENTS.
- 9. DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER • DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER IS A TYPE OF MULTIPLEXER WHICH JOINS TOGETHER DIFFERENT SIGNAL COMING FROM DIFFERENT OPTICAL FIBERS,
- 10. FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXER: • FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXER IS A TYPE OF MULTIPLEXER IN WHICHTHE TOTAL DATA OVER THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK IS DIVIDED INTO THE SERIES OF FREQUENCY, THAT IS NON OVERLAPPING, AND CARRIES THE SIGNAL OVER THE SHARED LINE.
- 11. WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER: • WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER IS A TYPE OF MULTIPLEXER IN WHICH ANALOG SIGNALS ARE USED, WHERE IT REGULATES THE ANALOG DATA SIGNALS USING LIGHT SPECTRUMAND TRANSMIT THE SIGNAL OVER THE OPTICAL FIBER.
- 12. STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXER: • STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXER IS A TYPE OF MULTIPLEXER WHICH A CHANNELIS DIVIDED INTO MULTIPLE SUB CHANNELS, THIS ALLOWS TO INSTANTANEOUSLY FULFILL THE DEMANDSOF THE ONGOING TRAFFIC OVER THE SHARED CONNECTION
- 14. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: • MULTIPLEXERS ARE USED IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WHERE IT IS USED TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMUNICATION. IT SIMPLY GETS THE INPUT IN THE FORM OF AUDIO OR VIDEO AND ENHANCES THESE SIGNALS TO SEND OVER A SINGLE TRANSMISSION.
- 15. COMPUTER MEMORY: • MULTIPLEXERS ARE USED IN COMPUTER MEMORY TO INCREASE THE POTENTIAL OF MEMORY AND TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MEMORIES.
- 16. TRANSMISSION FROM SATELLITE: • MULTIPLEXERS ARE USED TO TRANSMIT THE SIGNALS FROM THE COMPUTEROF SPACECRAFT TO THE GROUND.
- 17. CONCLUSION
- 18. THANK YOU!