Here are some multiple choice questions about central themes of animal physiology and the membrane potential. This file have 44 MCQs about animal physiology.
Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body. The fluids inside and surrounding cells are composed of water, electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. An electrolyte is a compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
Specialities in Birds respiratory system: Air sacs, specialized parabronchi , Unidirectional flow
Benifits of air sacs, Benefit of 2 respiratory cycles
Bird-like respiratory systems in dinosaurs
Rate of breathings in birds
Sense organs are the specialized organs composed of sensory neurons, which help us to perceive and respond to our surroundings. There are five sense organs – eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.
External receptors (exteroceptors): sense organs for touch, smell, taste, sight and hearing.
Internal receptors (interocepyors): these sense organs found in the body which detect the temperature, pain, hunger, thirst, fatigue and muscle position.
The basic fundamental plan of the aortic arches is similar in different vertebrates during embryonic stages.
But in adult the condition of the arrangement is changed either being lost or modified considerably.
The number of aortic arches is gradually reduced as the scale of evolution of vertebrates is ascended.
The embryonic aortic arches were basically six pairs.
But with progressive evolution , there has been consequent reduction in numbers of aortic arches.
In the basic pattern the major arterial channels consists of
A ventral aorta emerging from the heart and passing forward beneath the pharynx
A dorsal aorta paired above the pharynx and passing caudal above the digestive tract.
Six pairs of aortic arches connecting ventral aorta to with the dorsal aorta.
1st aortic arch= Mandibular aortic arch
2nd Aortic arch= hyoid aortic arch
3rd ,4th ,5th and 6th aortic arches in case of aquatic animal , known as branchial aortic arches.
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body. The fluids inside and surrounding cells are composed of water, electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. An electrolyte is a compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
Specialities in Birds respiratory system: Air sacs, specialized parabronchi , Unidirectional flow
Benifits of air sacs, Benefit of 2 respiratory cycles
Bird-like respiratory systems in dinosaurs
Rate of breathings in birds
Sense organs are the specialized organs composed of sensory neurons, which help us to perceive and respond to our surroundings. There are five sense organs – eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.
External receptors (exteroceptors): sense organs for touch, smell, taste, sight and hearing.
Internal receptors (interocepyors): these sense organs found in the body which detect the temperature, pain, hunger, thirst, fatigue and muscle position.
The basic fundamental plan of the aortic arches is similar in different vertebrates during embryonic stages.
But in adult the condition of the arrangement is changed either being lost or modified considerably.
The number of aortic arches is gradually reduced as the scale of evolution of vertebrates is ascended.
The embryonic aortic arches were basically six pairs.
But with progressive evolution , there has been consequent reduction in numbers of aortic arches.
In the basic pattern the major arterial channels consists of
A ventral aorta emerging from the heart and passing forward beneath the pharynx
A dorsal aorta paired above the pharynx and passing caudal above the digestive tract.
Six pairs of aortic arches connecting ventral aorta to with the dorsal aorta.
1st aortic arch= Mandibular aortic arch
2nd Aortic arch= hyoid aortic arch
3rd ,4th ,5th and 6th aortic arches in case of aquatic animal , known as branchial aortic arches.
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
INTRODUCTION
The term urogenital refers to something that has both urinary and genital origins. The word urogenital is used because the urinary and reproductive systems in males merge.
These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways (ex. urethra).
Kidneys and urinary ducts form the urinary system.
The Urinary system performs two important homeostatic processes like excretion and osmoregulation. This system is intimately associated both anatomically, and in terms of embryonic origin with the genital system.
The genital system includes the gonads which generate gametes and the genital ducts that serve as passages for the gametes.
Though functionally different the two organ systems the urinary and the genital system are treated together as the urino- genital system, since both develop from the same segmental blocks of trunk mesoderm or adjacent tissues and share many of the ducts.
Thus although the two systems have nothing common functionally they are closely associated in their use of common ducts and are studied under the broad heading of urinogenital system.
The function of the excretory system is crucial in considering the possible environment of the ‘vertebrate life ’. Several main functions can be attributed to all vertebrate excretory systems:
Excretion of nitrogenous waste products.
Maintaining homeostasis with regard to ions (i.e. salt balance).
Regaining valuable substances (glucose, salts, amino acids, etc.)
Maintaining a physiological osmotic value (i.e. water balance).
The excretory system is formed by a series of paired, segmental nephrons that begin with a nephrostome opening into the coelomic cavity.
A pair of glomeruli per segment, supplied by branches from the aorta, projects into the coelomic cavity close to these nephrostomes.
At a later stage of development, the glomerulus/nephrostome area becomes separated from the rest of the coelomic cavity by an epithelial fold.
The nephrons connect to a duct that is formed by caudal growth of the most anterior nephric tubules. These paired urinary ducts open near the anal region.
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Ruminant stomachs have four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. Rumen microbes ferment feed and produce volatile fatty acids, which is the cow's main energy source. Rumen microbes also produce B vitamins, vitamin K and amino acids.
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
There needs to be a balance between water ingested and water eliminated.
In order to maintain homeostatic levels of water, the body must undergo osmoregulation.
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docxhartrobert670
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014
TEST M
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Homologous chromosomes ______.
A) include only the autosomes
B) separate during interphase
C) include only the sex chromosomes
D) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
E) carry the same genes
1)
2) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example,
the sperm are changing ______.
A) kinetic energy into chemical energy
B) chemical energy into potential energy
C) kinetic energy into potential energy
D) chemical energy into kinetic energy
E) none of the above
2)
3) Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______. 3)
1
A) serine
B) alanine
C) glycine
D) threonine
E) arginine
4) Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait.
The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome. What is the expected outcome of a cross
between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia?
A) Seventy-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
B) Twenty-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
C) Fifty percent of their daughters and fifty percent of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
D) All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
E) All of their sons and none of their daughters exhibit hypophosphatemia.
4)
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following question(s).
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was
shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took
her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a
karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific
cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she
received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
5) Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) cytokinesis
D) nondisjunction
E) crossing over
5)
6) Speciation requires ______.
A) long periods of time
B) geographic isolation
C) periods of rapid evolutionary change
D) a mass extinction so that new environmental opportunities will be available to the
survivors
E) genetic isolation
6)
7) The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______.
A) Native Americans
B) East Asian populations
C) populations that live in cold climates
D) cultures that keep dairy herds
E) populations that live in wet climates
7)
2
8) Which of the foll ...
INTRODUCTION
The term urogenital refers to something that has both urinary and genital origins. The word urogenital is used because the urinary and reproductive systems in males merge.
These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways (ex. urethra).
Kidneys and urinary ducts form the urinary system.
The Urinary system performs two important homeostatic processes like excretion and osmoregulation. This system is intimately associated both anatomically, and in terms of embryonic origin with the genital system.
The genital system includes the gonads which generate gametes and the genital ducts that serve as passages for the gametes.
Though functionally different the two organ systems the urinary and the genital system are treated together as the urino- genital system, since both develop from the same segmental blocks of trunk mesoderm or adjacent tissues and share many of the ducts.
Thus although the two systems have nothing common functionally they are closely associated in their use of common ducts and are studied under the broad heading of urinogenital system.
The function of the excretory system is crucial in considering the possible environment of the ‘vertebrate life ’. Several main functions can be attributed to all vertebrate excretory systems:
Excretion of nitrogenous waste products.
Maintaining homeostasis with regard to ions (i.e. salt balance).
Regaining valuable substances (glucose, salts, amino acids, etc.)
Maintaining a physiological osmotic value (i.e. water balance).
The excretory system is formed by a series of paired, segmental nephrons that begin with a nephrostome opening into the coelomic cavity.
A pair of glomeruli per segment, supplied by branches from the aorta, projects into the coelomic cavity close to these nephrostomes.
At a later stage of development, the glomerulus/nephrostome area becomes separated from the rest of the coelomic cavity by an epithelial fold.
The nephrons connect to a duct that is formed by caudal growth of the most anterior nephric tubules. These paired urinary ducts open near the anal region.
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Ruminant stomachs have four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. Rumen microbes ferment feed and produce volatile fatty acids, which is the cow's main energy source. Rumen microbes also produce B vitamins, vitamin K and amino acids.
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
There needs to be a balance between water ingested and water eliminated.
In order to maintain homeostatic levels of water, the body must undergo osmoregulation.
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014TEST MName.docxhartrobert670
BIO101 Midterm - Sacramento Valley Campus- June 2014
TEST M
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Homologous chromosomes ______.
A) include only the autosomes
B) separate during interphase
C) include only the sex chromosomes
D) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
E) carry the same genes
1)
2) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example,
the sperm are changing ______.
A) kinetic energy into chemical energy
B) chemical energy into potential energy
C) kinetic energy into potential energy
D) chemical energy into kinetic energy
E) none of the above
2)
3) Examine the genetic code table, shown below. The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______. 3)
1
A) serine
B) alanine
C) glycine
D) threonine
E) arginine
4) Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait.
The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome. What is the expected outcome of a cross
between a homozygous recessive woman and a man with hypophosphatemia?
A) Seventy-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
B) Twenty-five percent of their offspring exhibit hypophosphatemia.
C) Fifty percent of their daughters and fifty percent of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
D) All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia.
E) All of their sons and none of their daughters exhibit hypophosphatemia.
4)
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following question(s).
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was
shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took
her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a
karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific
cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she
received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
5) Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) cytokinesis
D) nondisjunction
E) crossing over
5)
6) Speciation requires ______.
A) long periods of time
B) geographic isolation
C) periods of rapid evolutionary change
D) a mass extinction so that new environmental opportunities will be available to the
survivors
E) genetic isolation
6)
7) The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______.
A) Native Americans
B) East Asian populations
C) populations that live in cold climates
D) cultures that keep dairy herds
E) populations that live in wet climates
7)
2
8) Which of the foll ...
BSC1005 Biology General Chapter 6 1 Chapter 6 Cel.docxAASTHA76
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
1
Chapter 6: Cell Energy, Transport and Enzymes
1) Many of the enzymes that control a deep-sea firefly squid's ability to produce light energy from chemical energy are located
A) in membranes.
B) in the nucleus.
C) within chloroplasts.
D) outside of cells.
E) within mitochondria.
2) The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates.
B) two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them.
C) a protein bilayer with embedded phospholipids.
D) carbohydrates, proteins, and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane.
E) individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer.
3) Membrane phospholipids
A) have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water.
B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water.
C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons.
D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another.
E) form impermeable layers for cells.
4) The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes
A) is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell.
B) helps to stabilize the cell membrane at body temperature.
C) makes the cell membrane fluid at room temperature.
D) is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol.
E) helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing.
5) A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to
A) glue cells together to form tissues.
B) allow the cells of an embryo to sort themselves into tissues and organs.
C) attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton.
D) help the cell resist swelling.
E) help the cell retain its shape.
6) When physicians perform an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissues match those of the recipient as closely as
possible. Which of the following cell components are being matched?
A) plasma membrane phospholipids
B) plasma membrane proteins
C) cell-surface carbohydrates
D) plasma membrane cholesterols
E) cytoskeletal elements
7) Most of the functions of a cell membrane are performed by
A) glycolipids.
B) proteins.
C) phospholipids.
D) cholesterol.
E) nucleotides.
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 6
2
9) Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called
A) signal transduction.
B) inhibition.
C) competition.
D) self-recognition.
E) selective permeability.
10) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
C) glucose cannot ...
Here are some of the MCQs which will help you while studying and preparing exams of Evolution. This file contain 220 MCQs which will revise your complete study of evolution.
BIOL 101 EXAM The following general directions apply to thi.docxhartrobert670
BIOL 101 EXAM
The following general directions apply to this exam: This exam is worth a total of 125 points. Multiple choice questions #1-50 are worth 1 point each. Multiple choice questions #51-57 are worth 2 points each. Choose 6 of 7 essay questions #58-64, which are worth 10 points each. Please provide answers on the answer sheets provided at the end of the exam. I recommend that you print out the exam, answer the questions, then copy the answers onto the answer sheets. Please submit only the answer sheets into your assignment folder
GOOD LUCK! Thanks for taking the course,
********************************************************************** MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – 1 POINT EACH – 50 POINTS TOTAL: On the answer sheet, indicate the letter that represents the best answer to each of the multiple choice questions below.
1. In science, a hypothesis must be A) a known fact B) testable C) derived from a theory
D) able to be proven absolutely true
2. Which of the following includes all the others?
A) atom B) cell C) organism D) ecosystem
3. A carbon atom of mass number 12 and a carbon atom of mass number 14 are
A) covalent B) compounds C) ions D) isotopes
4. A chlorine atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The atomic number of
chlorine isA) 8 B) 17 C) 35 D) 52
5. If you place the probe of a pH meter in lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it will read
pH 14. Sodium hydroxide is A) an acid B) neutralC) a base
6. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls:
A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen
7. Glycerol is a building block of A) starch B) enzymes C) vegetable oil D) DNA
8. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen?
A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) steroids
9. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found in
A) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants
10. The main function of a ribosome is to A) extract energy from glucose
B) synthesize glucose C) store food in the form of fat
D) synthesize proteins
11. Mitochondria A) package proteins for secretion from cell B) contain chromosomes
C) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP D) synthesize proteins
12. The plasma membrane consists of A) a single layer of phospholipid molecules
B) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins are embedded
C) several layers of protein and carbohydrate molecules
D) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates
13. The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane
to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is A) active transport
B)diffusion C) passive transport D) osmosis
14. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by A) greenhouse effect
B) cellular respiration C) photosynthesis D) volcanic ...
Crash-Course for AIPMT & Other Medical Exams 2016Target pmt (2)APEX INSTITUTE
Dear Students/Parents
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Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
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( Motivator & Mentor)
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2. Animal Physiology
Central Themes in Physiology
1) The study of how animal works is called
a) Paleontology
b) Entomology
c) Physiology
d) Genetics
2) Animal physiology is thebases for
a) Adaptation and evolution
b) Immunology and animal behavior
c) Social interaction and environmental biology
d) All above
3) Sub-divisionsof animal physiology are
a) Comparativephysiology
b) Environmental physiology
c) Evolutionary physiology
d) All above
4) In central themes of physiology,we study
a) Structural-function relationship
b) Adaptation
c) Conformity
d) All above
5) In structural-function relationship,_________ is based upon _________.
a) Structure, function
b) Function, structure
c) Structure, adaptation
d) Function, adaptation
6) Structural-function relation is further divided into
a) Molecular interaction
b) Compartmentation of body cell
c) Mechanical properties of cells and organ system
d) All above
7) Molecules interactwith _________ to perform certain functions related to them.
a) Organic molecules
b) Each other
c) Inorganic molecules
d) Environmental gases
8) The ability to bind or reactwith molecules is essential for _________.
a) Biological functions
b) Internal functions
c) External functions
d) Both b & c
9) The ability to bind is dependent upon the
a) Environmental pressure
b) Temperature
c) Molecular structure
d) Molecular function
10) The simpleexamples of molecular interaction level to perform biological functions are
a) Proteins
3. Animal Physiology
b) Carbohydrates
c) Enzymes
d) All above
11) Choose the correct order of describingcompartmentation of body cells.
a) Organs,organelles,cells,tissue,organism
b) Cells,tissue,organelles,organs,organism
c) Organelles,cells,organs,tissues,organism
d) Organelles,cells,tissues, organs,organism
12) The presence of certain __________ that allowa tissueor organ to specializeand isolatefunctions.
a) Chemicals
b) Compartments
c) Reagents
d) Sugars
13) ______ separatecells fromone another and form extracellular fluid.
a) Enzymes
b) Temperatures
c) Membranes
d) Carbohydrates
14) Tiny compartments within the cells arecalled
a) Organs
b) Fibers
c) Ligaments
d) Organelles
15) At macroscopic level,________ and ______ of body form discretefunctional compartments.
a) Tissues,organs
b) Mitochondria,ER
c) Cell membranes, cytosol
d) Both b & c
16) Mechanical properties of cell and organs contain
a) Strength
b) Elasticity
c) Fluidity
d) All above
17) The physical properties of cells and tissues areoften directresultof their ______.
a) Morphology
b) Anatomy
c) Heredity
d) Both a & c
18) Cells and tissuethat influencefunction have
a) Complianceand elastance
b) Strength and flexibility
c) Fluidity
d) All above
19) Compliancemeans
a) Ability to do work
b) Ability to stretch
c) Ability to return to original state
d) Ability to become strong
20) Elastancestands for
4. Animal Physiology
a) Ability to do work
b) Ability to stretch
c) Ability to return to original state
d) Ability to become strong
21) Physiological,biochemical and anatomical changethattypically occur in gradual manner over generation
is called
a) Mutation
b) Adaptation
c) Regulation
d) Acclimation
22) Adaptation is not
a) Heritable
b) Reversible
c) Non-reversible
d) Involvein evolution
23) In adaptation,physiology of an animal is well matched with
a) The environment
b) The other animals
c) The ancestors
d) None of them
24) Evolution by ____________ is the explanation of the process of adaptation.
a) Inheritanceof acquired characters
b) Use and disuse
c) Natural selection
d) Both a & c
25) Adaptation is changein ___________ that resultchange in ________.
a) Phenotype, genotype
b) Genotype, phenotype
c) Cells,organs
d) Organs,organism
26) Adaptation is caused by _______ in _______ and transferred to ___________.
a) Enzymes, proteins,next generations
b) Chemicals,germlineDNA, offspring
c) Mutations,proteins, ancestors
d) Mutations,germline cells,next generation
27) _________ is physiological,biochemical and anatomic changewithin an individual animal duringits life
time that resultfrom animal chronicexposure,in its habitatto naturally occurringenvironmental
conditions.
a) Adaptation
b) Acclimatization
c) Acclimation
d) Regulation
28) _______ is the same process when the changes are induced artificially in lab or in wild habitatby
researchers.
a) Adaptation
b) Acclimatization
c) Acclimation
d) Regulation
29) Change in internal condition with changein external environment or conditions is called
5. Animal Physiology
a) Conformity
b) Regulation
c) Homeostasis
d) Feedback mechanism
30) The maintenance of internal conditions despitechangein external environmental conditions iscalled
a) Conformity
b) Regulation
c) Adaptation
d) Feedback mechanism
31) Consistency of internal environment is known as
a) Conformity
b) Regulation
c) Adaptation
d) Homeostasis
32) The concept of homeostasis was recognized by French primer _______.
a) J. Watson
b) ClaudeBernard
c) Darwin
d) F. Crick
33) Aquatic animals face_________ and _______than their body.
a) Concentrated, salty water
b) Concentrated, salty soil
c) Diluted, salty water
d) Diluted, salty soil
34) Terrestrial animalsface_______ and ______ temperature.
a) Cool, cool
b) Hot, intermediate
c) Cool, intermediate
d) Hot, cool
35) _________ is controlled by feedback control system.
a) Homeostasis
b) Conformity
c) Regulation
d) Adaptation
36) Feedback system can be
a) Negative
b) Positive
c) Electropositive
d) Both a & b
37) In negative feedback mechanism, a hormone after produced in specific amount________ its own
production.
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Compensates
d) Enhances
38) In positivefeedback mechanism, a hormone after produced in specific amount_________ its own
production.
a) Reduces
b) Enhances
6. Animal Physiology
c) Decreases
d) Compensates
39) Example of positivefeedback mechanismis
a) Insulin
b) Oxytocin
c) FSH
d) Glucagon
40) Example of negative feedback mechanismis
a) Insulin
b) Oxytocin
c) Reflex arc
d) None of them
41) In homeostasis,_______ energy is consumed.
a) Less
b) More
c) Moderate
d) No
42) In homeostasis,cells areprovided with ________ conditions for proper functioning.
a) Harsh
b) Normal
c) Same
d) Reduced
43) _________ are conformer for temperature but regulator for chlorides.
a) Humans
b) Lung fish
c) Snakes
d) Salmon
7. Animal Physiology
Membrane Potential
1) Different charges present across the membrane is called
a) Electric potential
b) Action potential
c) Chemical potential
d) Membrane potential
2) Difference in relativenumber of ______ and _____ across the membrane causemembrane potential.
a) Chemicals,compounds
b) Cations,anions
c) Liquid,gases
d) All above
3) Separated charges create ability to do
a) Fire
b) Block
c) Work
d) Resist
4) MP is measured in
a) Millivolts
b) Megavolts
c) Microvolts
d) Nanovolts
5) All livingcellshave_______ and are potentially polarized.
a) Organs
b) Compounds
c) MP
d) Fluid
6) MP is caused by the unequal distribution of
a) Larger ions
b) Smaller ions
c) Key ions
d) Electronegative ions
7) The presence of more negative ions insidethe cell whilemore positiveoutsidethe cell is called
a) Action potential
b) Graded potential
c) Resting membrane potential
d) Depolarization
8) The cells haveability to produce rapid,transientchanges in their membrane potential when excited which
serves as electric signalsarecalled
a) Membrane bounded cell
b) Excited cells
c) Polarized cells
d) Non-polarized
9) Example of excited cells are
a) Nerve cells
b) Musclecells
c) Cardiac cells
d) All above
10) In body, electric charges arecarried by
8. Animal Physiology
a) Atoms
b) Ions
c) Molecules
d) Compounds
11) Ions responsiblefor generation and maintenance of RMP are
a) Na+, Rb+ and Ca+
b) Xe, Rn, Na+
c) Na+, K+ and anions
d) All above
12) Unequal distribution of charges acrossthemembrane is due to its
a) Selective permeability
b) Fluidity
c) Rigidity
d) None of them
13) Concentration of Na+ in extracellular is___,intracellular is____ and their relativepermeability is ___
respectively.
a) 5, 150, 50-75
b) 150, 15,1
c) 0, 65, 0
d) 150, 15,50-75
14) Concentration of K+ in extracellular is___,intracellularis ____ and their relativepermeability is ___
respectively.
a) 5, 150, 50-75
b) 150, 15,1
c) 0, 65, 0
d) 150, 15,50-75
15) Concentration of anions in extracellular is___,intracellular is____ and their relativepermeability is ___
respectively.
a) 5, 150, 50-75
b) 150, 15,1
c) 0, 65, 0
d) 150, 15, 50-75
16) The resting membrane potential maintain by
a) Na+ channels
b) K+ channels
c) Na+-K+ pump
d) Leak channels
17) Sincethe plasma membrane is impermeable to____ due to their larger sizes,so they arepresent inside
the cell.
a) Anions
b) Cations
c) Na+ ions
d) K+ ions
18) Plasma membrane is more permeable to ____ because PM has got more leak channels for it.
a) Na+
b) K+
c) Cl-
d) All above
19) Resting membrane potential for cells generally rangefrom___ to ____ mVs.
9. Animal Physiology
a) -10, -100
b) -20, -200
c) +10, +100
d) +20, +200
20) RMP for skeletal muscleis
a) -70 mVs
b) -80 mVs
c) -90 mVs
d) -120 mVs
21) RMP for smooth muscles is
a) -70 mVs
b) -60 mVs
c) -50 mVs
d) -55-60 mVs
22) RMP for cardiac muscleis
a) -75 to -80 mVs
b) -85 to -90 mVs
c) -65 to -75 mVs
d) -55 to -65 mVs
23) RMP for nerve cells is
a) -60 mVs
b) -70 mVs
c) -80 mVs
d) -90 mVs
24) MP directly generated by Na-K pump is
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
25) MP caused by the passivediffusion of Na and K is
a) 90%
b) 80%
c) 70%
d) 60%
26) MP is changed due to unequal transportof
a) Positiveions
b) Negative ions
c) Larger ions
d) Complex ions
27) Na-K pump moves out ____ ions of K+ and ___ ions of Na+ insidethe cell.
a) 3, 4
b) 3, 2
c) 2, 3
d) 4, 3
28) Na-K pump causes negativity of ____ on inside.
a) -2 mVs
b) -3 mVs
c) -4 mVs
d) -5 mVs
10. Animal Physiology
29) The more negative chargeinsidethe is caused by more and larger sizes of anions and create the
a) Dynamic equilibrium
b) Donnean equilibrium
c) Static equilibrium
d) Both a & c
30) Excitation and fluctuation in membrane potential generate _____ in nerve cells and _______ in muscle
cells.
a) Current, voltage
b) Voltage, impulse
c) Nerve impulse,contraction
d) Contraction,nerve impulse
31) Changes in MP are in responseto a triggering agent or _____.
a) Factor
b) Stimuli
c) Effector
d) Pressure
32) The stimulus can be
a) Electrical,hormonal
b) Thermal, electromagnetic receptor
c) Chemical,sound
d) All above
33) A stimulus which is to weak to produce a response is called
a) Threshold stimulus
b) Sub-threshold stimulus
c) Non-threshold stimulus
d) Ultra-threshold stimulus
34) Minimum strength of stimulus thatcan produce excitation is called
a) Threshold stimulus
b) Sub-threshold stimulus
c) Non-threshold stimulus
d) Ultra-threshold stimulus
35) Propagation of action potential is always ____from the point of origin.
a) Starts
b) Away
c) Stop
d) End
36) MP can be
a) Action potential
b) Graded potential
c) Degraded potential
d) Both a & b
37) Graded potential is for _______ distance.
a) Long
b) Short
c) Intermediate
d) All above
38) Action potentials arefor ________ distance.
a) Long
b) Short
11. Animal Physiology
c) Intermediate
d) Both a & b
39) Action potential is caused by
a) Na+ gated channels
b) K+ gated channels
c) Na-K pump
d) Both a & b
40) Action potential is caused by
a) Depolarization
b) Hyperpolarization
c) Repolarization
d) All above
41) The movement of negative ions insideand positiveions outsidethe cell is called
a) Depolarization
b) Hyperpolarization
c) Repolarization
d) Refractory period
42) The rebuildingof positivechargeoutside is called
a) Depolarization
b) Repolarization
c) Hyperpolarization
d) Refractory period
43) The state in which more negative charge is developed insidethe membrane is called
a) Depolarization
b) Repolarization
c) Hyperpolarization
d) Refractory period
44) The principlethatan axon will “fire” at full power or not at all is called
a) Distribution law
b) All-or-nonelaw
c) Thomson law
d) Kramer law
