The document discusses the modern methods of apiculture (beekeeping). It describes five key parts: 1) the typical movable hive, which allows beekeeping in different locations; 2) the queen excluder, which prevents the queen from entering the honey storage area; 3) the honey extractor, which uses centrifugal force to remove honey from combs without damage; 4) the uncapping knife, which removes wax seals from honey-filled combs; and 5) other equipment like protective gear for safe bee handling. The typical hive framework includes a stand, bottom board, brood chamber for larvae, supers for extra space, inner cover for ventilation, and a top cover for protection from rain.

1. Muhammad Yousaf
M.Sc., Self, Roll No: 24
METHODS OF APICULTURE
Economic Zoology

2. MUHAMMAD YOUSAF 1
1
MODERN METHOD OF APICULTURE
The modern method of apiculture is divided into five parts which are:
1. Typical Movable Hive
2. Queen Excluder
3. Honey Extractor
4. Uncapping Knife
5. Other Equipments
Typical Movable Hive:
This is the basic hive which can be carried out from one place to other for the sake of getting
continuous honey bees for making honey as flowers have specific time periods for their
availability. It was designed by Langstroth due to which it is also called Langstroth Hive. It
contains six different portions which make up whole hive.
• Stand
It is the basal part of the hive which provide base to hive. It is adjusted so that rainwater comes
down quickly by making a little slope.
• Bottom Board
Above stand, bottom board is kept which has
nothing but have two small gates for the
entering and exiting of the bees for getting
more and more pollen.
• Brood Chamber
Above the bottom board, brood chamber
comes up, the most important part, usually
contains 8 to 10 frames. These frames are
provided wax sheet, held vertically in each
frame, upon which bees start to make walls and
cells. Itis is the portion where brooding of the
larvae is done.
• Super
It is kept above the brood chamber, giving additional space for expansion of the hive. It is
provided with many frames having comb foundation.

3. MUHAMMAD YOUSAF 2
2
• Inner Cover
Below the top cover, inner cover is placed having pores for the purpose of ventilation and
feeding the bees when necessary. It is used to cover the super.
• Top Cover
Top cover is plain and slopping zinc sheet fitted on it which protects it from the rain.
Queen Excluder:
It consists of wire gauze, extras guards and drone traps. It prevents the
queen to come up into the super while allowing worker which will
produce honey having no larvae and usually kept above the brood
chamber.
Honey Extractor:
It functions on principle of centrifugal force. By centrifugation, pure honey is
thrown out without any damage to the comb.
Uncapping knife:
Honey filled combs are sealed by wax which is removed by heating by means of
uncapping knife.
Other Equipments:
Some materials like protective garments gloves. Net veil. Bee net, brush etc. are required for
easy and well-planned handling of bees.