circulation-system of fish
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The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, wastes, antibodies, hormones and enzymes throughout the body. Invertebrates use diffusion, gastrovascular cavities or open circulatory systems. Vertebrates have closed circulatory systems with hearts and blood vessels. Fish have single circulation hearts while amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals have increasingly divided multi-chambered hearts to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
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Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Fish gill..how fish breathe in water
Fish gills are highly folded organs located on the sides of the head that allow for efficient gas exchange. They have a network of capillaries and lamellae that divide the gill filaments, providing a large surface area for oxygen diffusion. The gills have a good blood flow and thin membranes that allow for countercurrent exchange, maximizing oxygen transfer from the water to the bloodstream.
Alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes by nusrit
The document discusses the alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes, describing the different regions and structures of the canal from mouth to rectum and how they vary based on a fish's feeding habits, such as differences in teeth, gill rakers, stomach, and intestinal length between carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous fish. It also covers the digestive glands and enzymes involved in digestion as well as various adaptations that have evolved in fishes' structures to suit their natural diets.
Digestive system of fish
The document discusses the digestive system of fish. It covers the main components and processes of the fish digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines and anus. It describes the different feeding mechanisms used by fish such as filter feeding, ram feeding, suction feeding, and others. It also discusses the enzymes involved in digesting carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. In summary:
1) The digestive system of fish breaks down food through a series of organs from the mouth to the anus.
2) Fish use various feeding mechanisms to ingest food depending on their anatomy and food sources.
3) Digestion involves enzymes that break down carbohydrates,
Osmoregulation in Fishes and Birds
Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body. The fluids inside and surrounding cells are composed of water, electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. An electrolyte is a compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
Fish blood
what is Fish blood.reading this you will know about fish blood.a short description about fish blood
source:<a>bd tips tech</a> the best bangla tech site http://www.bdtipstech.com
Respiration in Fish
In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills, however lung fish respiration takes place through lungs. Gills are present on both the sides of the head of fish. The gills are covered by gill covers also called operculum. When the fish open its mouth, water is drawn into the buccal cavity and passed through the gills. The gills contain special type of cells that absorb the oxygen present in water. The absorbed oxygen is then supplied to all the cells of body through blood. In the cells, oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide and returned back to gills through blood. Ultimately, the gills release the carbon dioxide in water passing through them.
Respiration in Fish
The gills of fish are very efficient; it is estimated gills can extract about 80% oxygen dissolved in water. In addition to the respiratory organs, the gills have an important role in maintaining the right balance of salts in the body.
Adaptations in deep sea fishes
This document summarizes adaptations in deep-sea fishes. It discusses how deep-sea fishes face challenges from the absence of light, low temperatures and high pressure, scarce food sources, and low oxygen levels in deep ocean waters. It provides examples of adaptations seen in deep-sea fishes, such as bioluminescence, large teeth for capturing prey, elongated digestive systems, and specialized eyes adapted for low-light conditions including telescopic and upward-facing eyes. Specific deep-sea fish species mentioned include the lanternfish, anglerfish, lancetfish, and whale fish.
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Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Fish gill..how fish breathe in water
Fish gills are highly folded organs located on the sides of the head that allow for efficient gas exchange. They have a network of capillaries and lamellae that divide the gill filaments, providing a large surface area for oxygen diffusion. The gills have a good blood flow and thin membranes that allow for countercurrent exchange, maximizing oxygen transfer from the water to the bloodstream.
Alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes by nusrit
The document discusses the alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes, describing the different regions and structures of the canal from mouth to rectum and how they vary based on a fish's feeding habits, such as differences in teeth, gill rakers, stomach, and intestinal length between carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous fish. It also covers the digestive glands and enzymes involved in digestion as well as various adaptations that have evolved in fishes' structures to suit their natural diets.
Digestive system of fish
The document discusses the digestive system of fish. It covers the main components and processes of the fish digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines and anus. It describes the different feeding mechanisms used by fish such as filter feeding, ram feeding, suction feeding, and others. It also discusses the enzymes involved in digesting carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. In summary:
1) The digestive system of fish breaks down food through a series of organs from the mouth to the anus.
2) Fish use various feeding mechanisms to ingest food depending on their anatomy and food sources.
3) Digestion involves enzymes that break down carbohydrates,
Osmoregulation in Fishes and Birds
Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body. The fluids inside and surrounding cells are composed of water, electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. An electrolyte is a compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
Fish blood
what is Fish blood.reading this you will know about fish blood.a short description about fish blood
source:<a>bd tips tech</a> the best bangla tech site http://www.bdtipstech.com
Respiration in Fish
In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills, however lung fish respiration takes place through lungs. Gills are present on both the sides of the head of fish. The gills are covered by gill covers also called operculum. When the fish open its mouth, water is drawn into the buccal cavity and passed through the gills. The gills contain special type of cells that absorb the oxygen present in water. The absorbed oxygen is then supplied to all the cells of body through blood. In the cells, oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide and returned back to gills through blood. Ultimately, the gills release the carbon dioxide in water passing through them.
Respiration in Fish
The gills of fish are very efficient; it is estimated gills can extract about 80% oxygen dissolved in water. In addition to the respiratory organs, the gills have an important role in maintaining the right balance of salts in the body.
Adaptations in deep sea fishes
This document summarizes adaptations in deep-sea fishes. It discusses how deep-sea fishes face challenges from the absence of light, low temperatures and high pressure, scarce food sources, and low oxygen levels in deep ocean waters. It provides examples of adaptations seen in deep-sea fishes, such as bioluminescence, large teeth for capturing prey, elongated digestive systems, and specialized eyes adapted for low-light conditions including telescopic and upward-facing eyes. Specific deep-sea fish species mentioned include the lanternfish, anglerfish, lancetfish, and whale fish.
Fish Pituitary Gland
The fish pituitary gland is located in the brain and has two parts - the glandular and nervous parts. It can be collected through dissection by removing part of the scalp or through the foramen magnum. The gland is then preserved in alcohol or acetone and stored. For injection, it is homogenized in water or saline, centrifuged, and the supernatant is used. Females receive two injections of the extract 6 hours apart at specific dosage levels based on the fish species.
Inland fisheries
This document discusses the different components and types of fisheries in India. It covers inland fisheries including capture fisheries from rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as culture fisheries conducted on fish farms. It also discusses coastal fisheries including estuarine fisheries that provide nursery grounds for fish and brakishwater fisheries. Finally, it covers marine fisheries along India's east and west coasts and the types of fish found in each region.
FISH NERVOUS SYTEM.pdf
The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system in fish. It discusses how the central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord similar to other vertebrates. It then describes the three main divisions of the nervous system - the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems. Within the central nervous system, it outlines the main components of the brain including the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. It also discusses the 10 pairs of cranial nerves and their functions.
Fish locomotion Notes
There are several forms of fish locomotion. The most common is carangiform locomotion, where fish sweep their caudal fin from side to side to move forward. Angulliform locomotion is used by fish with eel-like bodies, who send waves along their body length to push against water and propel themselves. Some stiff-bodied fish use ostraciform locomotion, wiggling their fins slowly. A few fish use labriform locomotion, paddling with pectoral fins. Ballistiform locomotion involves sending waves along fins like the anal fin, allowing knifefish to swim backward by reversing wave direction.
Osmoregulation in birds and mammals
Birds and mammals maintain water balance in their bodies through the process of osmoregulation. They regulate the amount of water ingested and excreted to maintain homeostatic water levels. The key organs involved in avian osmoregulation are the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and nasal/orbital salt glands. In mammals, the kidneys play a large role through regulating water reabsorption from kidney tubules controlled by hormones like ADH. Desert animals like kangaroo rats have evolved adaptations like fur insulation and nasal passages that capture exhaled water to aid their osmoregulation.
Nervous system of fishes
The nervous system in fishes coordinates and integrates body activities. It receives stimuli through sense organs and is composed of a central nervous system of brain and spinal cord, as well as a peripheral nervous system of nerves and neurons. The brain is divided into regions including the prosencephalon, which receives smell, and the mesencephalon, which is associated with vision. The peripheral and autonomic nervous systems work with the central nervous system to control external and internal body functions.
Excretion and osmoregulation
The document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It begins by explaining that osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances water gain and loss. Freshwater animals conserve solutes and reduce water uptake, while marine and desert animals face dehydrating environments. For marine fish, drinking seawater and excreting salts balances water loss. Freshwater fish constantly take in water and lose salts, balancing this by excreting dilute urine. The kidneys aid homeostasis by excreting waste, maintaining water and salt balance, and regulating pH. Through hormones, the kidneys help control water levels and reabsorb salts and ions.
Circulatory System Of The Vertebrates
The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste through blood vessels. Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with blood contained within vessels. The human circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system, consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart pumps oxygenated blood received from the lungs through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs through veins. Birds and mammals have further developed separate pulmonary and systemic circulatory circuits to oxygenate blood in the lungs before distributing it to the body.
Cage culture
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
Fish morphology - fish fins
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Reproductive biology
This document provides an overview of reproductive biology in fishes. It discusses the different types of sexuality observed in fishes, including unisexuality, bisexuality, hermaphroditism, and parthenogenesis. It describes the reproductive cycles and hormones that regulate reproduction for both male and female fish. Key aspects covered include the gonads, sexual dimorphism, seasonal breeding patterns, and hormonal control of the reproductive system through the CNS-pituitary-gonad axis.
Digestive physiology of herbivorous fish
The knowledge of food and feeding habits and the physiology of digestion of any organism is most essential for development of artificial feed in culture practices. Fish and shellfish belong to the poikilothermous animal. The digestion process is somewhat different than the terrestrial animals. Similarly the mechanism of digestion and absorption process is quite different in fishes and shellfishes. The basic function of digestive system is to dissolve foods by rendering them soluble so that they can be absorbed and utilized in the metabolic process. The system may also function to remove dangerous toxic properties of certain food substances.
Fish generally change their feeding habits depending upon availability of food. So according to their feeding fishes are classified into different categories viz., predators, grazers, strainers, suckers and parasites.
Bony fish powerpoint
The document summarizes key characteristics of bony fishes. It describes that bony fishes have over 27,000 species, an endoskeleton of true bone, and are found in all marine habitats. It then outlines some of the major types of bony fishes including lobe-finned fish and ray-finned fish. Mobility, buoyancy, gas exchange, senses, reproduction and protection mechanisms are also summarized.
Fish fins
Fins are important appendages that help fish maintain position, move, steer and stop in water. They are composed of bony spines covered in skin and aid with mobility, stability and maneuverability. The main types of fins are paired (pectoral and pelvic) and unpaired (dorsal, caudal, anal). Each fin type has a distinct function in swimming, turning and balancing. Fins have evolved diverse shapes and forms to help fish survive in their environments.
Feeding habit in fish
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
Sewage fed fish culture
Sewage contains rich nutrients that can be used for aquaculture at low cost. The sewage must undergo sedimentation to remove solids, dilution to reduce toxins, and storage in duckweed ponds. Then the treated sewage water is used in fish ponds, with higher stocking densities enabled by the nutrients. Fish are harvested on a rotational basis, restocking with fingerlings to maintain regular supply to markets. Using sewage for aquaculture provides high fish yields with low input costs, while reducing environmental pollution.
Coloration in fishes
Fishes display a wide variety of colors that serve important functions. Their coloration is generally related to their environment and provides camouflage, either through general color resemblance to their backgrounds, variable color change abilities, disruptive patterns, or countershading with dark tops and light undersides. Coloration also functions in communication, both between members of the same species through signals like threats or warnings, and between different species through intimidating color displays to deter predators. Fishes have specialized pigment cells called chromatophores that contain pigments like carotenoids, melanins, and purines to produce their colors, and these cells allow for both rapid and more permanent changes in coloration controlled by hormonal and nervous systems.
Trasportation of fish seed.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Morphology of Fish Testes
The testes of fish are paired elongated organs that are attached to the dorsal wall of the body cavity. Within the testes are seminiferous tubules containing germ cells that undergo spermatogenesis to produce sperm, and Leydig cells that produce testosterone. Teleost fish have either lobular or tubular testes organized into lobules or tubules. Elasmobranch testes do not contain seminiferous tubules and can be diametric, radial, or compound in morphology. Knowledge of fish testes morphology provides insight into fish reproduction and conservation.
Fish reproduction
The document summarizes different aspects of fish reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses types of hermaphroditism, modes of sexual reproduction such as oviparity and viviparity, clutch sizes, courtship behaviors, sexual dimorphism, and various strategies for protecting eggs and young, such as mouth brooding, external brooding, gill brooding, and nest building. Sexual maturity varies widely between species, from shortly after birth to over 10 years of age depending on size, lifespan, and other factors.
L5 circulatory systems
The document discusses transport systems in mammals and key terms related to circulation. It describes single and double circulation, which refer to whether pulmonary and systemic circulations occur in series or as two separate loops. It also defines open and closed circulatory systems, where open systems involve blood pumping into open cavities and closed systems keep blood within a network of vessels. Finally, it contrasts heart systems as they relate to distributing blood and meeting metabolic needs.
Lesson 5 lipids
This document discusses lipids, specifically triglycerides and phospholipids. It explains that triglycerides are formed from glycerol and three fatty acids joining together, while phospholipids are formed from glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The structure of triglycerides makes them insoluble in water and useful for energy storage, while the structure of phospholipids with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions allows them to form cell membranes. Membrane fluidity can be regulated based on the saturation of fatty acids in phospholipids.
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Fish Pituitary Gland
The fish pituitary gland is located in the brain and has two parts - the glandular and nervous parts. It can be collected through dissection by removing part of the scalp or through the foramen magnum. The gland is then preserved in alcohol or acetone and stored. For injection, it is homogenized in water or saline, centrifuged, and the supernatant is used. Females receive two injections of the extract 6 hours apart at specific dosage levels based on the fish species.
Inland fisheries
This document discusses the different components and types of fisheries in India. It covers inland fisheries including capture fisheries from rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as culture fisheries conducted on fish farms. It also discusses coastal fisheries including estuarine fisheries that provide nursery grounds for fish and brakishwater fisheries. Finally, it covers marine fisheries along India's east and west coasts and the types of fish found in each region.
FISH NERVOUS SYTEM.pdf
The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system in fish. It discusses how the central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord similar to other vertebrates. It then describes the three main divisions of the nervous system - the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems. Within the central nervous system, it outlines the main components of the brain including the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. It also discusses the 10 pairs of cranial nerves and their functions.
Fish locomotion Notes
There are several forms of fish locomotion. The most common is carangiform locomotion, where fish sweep their caudal fin from side to side to move forward. Angulliform locomotion is used by fish with eel-like bodies, who send waves along their body length to push against water and propel themselves. Some stiff-bodied fish use ostraciform locomotion, wiggling their fins slowly. A few fish use labriform locomotion, paddling with pectoral fins. Ballistiform locomotion involves sending waves along fins like the anal fin, allowing knifefish to swim backward by reversing wave direction.
Osmoregulation in birds and mammals
Birds and mammals maintain water balance in their bodies through the process of osmoregulation. They regulate the amount of water ingested and excreted to maintain homeostatic water levels. The key organs involved in avian osmoregulation are the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and nasal/orbital salt glands. In mammals, the kidneys play a large role through regulating water reabsorption from kidney tubules controlled by hormones like ADH. Desert animals like kangaroo rats have evolved adaptations like fur insulation and nasal passages that capture exhaled water to aid their osmoregulation.
Nervous system of fishes
The nervous system in fishes coordinates and integrates body activities. It receives stimuli through sense organs and is composed of a central nervous system of brain and spinal cord, as well as a peripheral nervous system of nerves and neurons. The brain is divided into regions including the prosencephalon, which receives smell, and the mesencephalon, which is associated with vision. The peripheral and autonomic nervous systems work with the central nervous system to control external and internal body functions.
Excretion and osmoregulation
The document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It begins by explaining that osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances water gain and loss. Freshwater animals conserve solutes and reduce water uptake, while marine and desert animals face dehydrating environments. For marine fish, drinking seawater and excreting salts balances water loss. Freshwater fish constantly take in water and lose salts, balancing this by excreting dilute urine. The kidneys aid homeostasis by excreting waste, maintaining water and salt balance, and regulating pH. Through hormones, the kidneys help control water levels and reabsorb salts and ions.
Circulatory System Of The Vertebrates
The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste through blood vessels. Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with blood contained within vessels. The human circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system, consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart pumps oxygenated blood received from the lungs through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs through veins. Birds and mammals have further developed separate pulmonary and systemic circulatory circuits to oxygenate blood in the lungs before distributing it to the body.
Cage culture
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
Fish morphology - fish fins
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Reproductive biology
This document provides an overview of reproductive biology in fishes. It discusses the different types of sexuality observed in fishes, including unisexuality, bisexuality, hermaphroditism, and parthenogenesis. It describes the reproductive cycles and hormones that regulate reproduction for both male and female fish. Key aspects covered include the gonads, sexual dimorphism, seasonal breeding patterns, and hormonal control of the reproductive system through the CNS-pituitary-gonad axis.
Digestive physiology of herbivorous fish
The knowledge of food and feeding habits and the physiology of digestion of any organism is most essential for development of artificial feed in culture practices. Fish and shellfish belong to the poikilothermous animal. The digestion process is somewhat different than the terrestrial animals. Similarly the mechanism of digestion and absorption process is quite different in fishes and shellfishes. The basic function of digestive system is to dissolve foods by rendering them soluble so that they can be absorbed and utilized in the metabolic process. The system may also function to remove dangerous toxic properties of certain food substances.
Fish generally change their feeding habits depending upon availability of food. So according to their feeding fishes are classified into different categories viz., predators, grazers, strainers, suckers and parasites.
Bony fish powerpoint
The document summarizes key characteristics of bony fishes. It describes that bony fishes have over 27,000 species, an endoskeleton of true bone, and are found in all marine habitats. It then outlines some of the major types of bony fishes including lobe-finned fish and ray-finned fish. Mobility, buoyancy, gas exchange, senses, reproduction and protection mechanisms are also summarized.
Fish fins
Fins are important appendages that help fish maintain position, move, steer and stop in water. They are composed of bony spines covered in skin and aid with mobility, stability and maneuverability. The main types of fins are paired (pectoral and pelvic) and unpaired (dorsal, caudal, anal). Each fin type has a distinct function in swimming, turning and balancing. Fins have evolved diverse shapes and forms to help fish survive in their environments.
Feeding habit in fish
This document discusses the feeding habits of fish. It begins by defining feeding habit as the kind of food an animal habitually consumes during its life or at a particular stage. It then describes different modes of feeding such as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and limnivores. The document highlights that understanding the feeding habits of fish is important for polyculture systems. It also discusses the major types of feeding like grazing, predation, straining, sucking, and parasitism. Finally, it provides examples of different mouth structures in fish and how they relate to the fish's diet.
Sewage fed fish culture
Sewage contains rich nutrients that can be used for aquaculture at low cost. The sewage must undergo sedimentation to remove solids, dilution to reduce toxins, and storage in duckweed ponds. Then the treated sewage water is used in fish ponds, with higher stocking densities enabled by the nutrients. Fish are harvested on a rotational basis, restocking with fingerlings to maintain regular supply to markets. Using sewage for aquaculture provides high fish yields with low input costs, while reducing environmental pollution.
Coloration in fishes
Fishes display a wide variety of colors that serve important functions. Their coloration is generally related to their environment and provides camouflage, either through general color resemblance to their backgrounds, variable color change abilities, disruptive patterns, or countershading with dark tops and light undersides. Coloration also functions in communication, both between members of the same species through signals like threats or warnings, and between different species through intimidating color displays to deter predators. Fishes have specialized pigment cells called chromatophores that contain pigments like carotenoids, melanins, and purines to produce their colors, and these cells allow for both rapid and more permanent changes in coloration controlled by hormonal and nervous systems.
Trasportation of fish seed.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Morphology of Fish Testes
The testes of fish are paired elongated organs that are attached to the dorsal wall of the body cavity. Within the testes are seminiferous tubules containing germ cells that undergo spermatogenesis to produce sperm, and Leydig cells that produce testosterone. Teleost fish have either lobular or tubular testes organized into lobules or tubules. Elasmobranch testes do not contain seminiferous tubules and can be diametric, radial, or compound in morphology. Knowledge of fish testes morphology provides insight into fish reproduction and conservation.
Fish reproduction
The document summarizes different aspects of fish reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses types of hermaphroditism, modes of sexual reproduction such as oviparity and viviparity, clutch sizes, courtship behaviors, sexual dimorphism, and various strategies for protecting eggs and young, such as mouth brooding, external brooding, gill brooding, and nest building. Sexual maturity varies widely between species, from shortly after birth to over 10 years of age depending on size, lifespan, and other factors.
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Lesson 5 lipids
This document discusses lipids, specifically triglycerides and phospholipids. It explains that triglycerides are formed from glycerol and three fatty acids joining together, while phospholipids are formed from glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The structure of triglycerides makes them insoluble in water and useful for energy storage, while the structure of phospholipids with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions allows them to form cell membranes. Membrane fluidity can be regulated based on the saturation of fatty acids in phospholipids.
Bzt214 – animal physiology
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1.2 the circulatory system
The circulatory system distributes nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes waste. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste. It contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Circulatory systems vary between insects, fish, amphibians and humans but all transport substances around the body.
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Bony fish
Bony fish have a backbone, skull, brain and kidneys. They are classified into two main types - ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Ray-finned fish make up the majority of fish and have fins supported by bony rays, while lobe-finned fish have fleshy lobes supporting their fins. Bony fish display a variety of adaptations for respiration, circulation, buoyancy and sensory functions.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of organs and structures used for respiration. In mammals, respiration occurs through pulmonary ventilation via the nasal cavity, lungs, and diaphragm. The lungs exchange gases through alveoli and are protected by the rib cage. Horses and marine mammals have respiratory adaptations like nasal breathing and mechanisms to prevent water inhalation during dives.
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The document summarizes the respiratory systems of various chordates. It describes how skin, gills, and lungs have evolved for respiration in different vertebrates. Skin respiration occurs mainly in amphibians like salamanders through their thin skin. Cartilaginous and bony fishes respire using gills consisting of pouches and slits. Lungs evolved from the swim bladder of early fish and are present in tetrapods, with variations in structure between amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammalian lungs.Osmoregulation
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This document summarizes the key functions and components of circulatory systems across different organisms. It describes how circulation occurs through diffusion in simple organisms like hydra, while more complex invertebrates use open circulatory systems with hearts and hemolymph. Vertebrates have closed circulatory systems with distinct pulmonary and systemic circuits supported by four-chambered hearts. The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, wastes, immune cells, hormones and more to maintain homeostasis throughout the body.
Circulatory systems in the living world-1.pptx
The document discusses circulatory systems in living organisms. It begins by outlining the need for circulation, which is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and remove wastes from tissues and cells. There are two main types of circulation - intracellular within cells, and extracellular outside cells through body fluids like blood. Complex organisms have closed circulatory systems with vessels and pumping organs like hearts, while simpler organisms rely on diffusion or cytoplasmic streaming. The document then examines circulatory systems in more detail across taxonomic groups like plants, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It describes the evolution of closed circulatory systems and heart structures.
13 fluid flow 2010
Vertebrate circulatory systems have evolved from two chambers in fish to four chambers in crocodilians, birds and mammals. This increased the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flows. Lungfish were the first to develop a partial separation with a three-chambered heart. Amphibians also have three chambers but less separation. Most reptiles have three chambers but some separation via heart ridges. Crocodilians were the first with complete separation into four chambers, as in birds and mammals. This evolution improved respiratory and cardiovascular efficiency by preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Chapter 42
The document discusses circulation and gas exchange in animals. It describes:
1) Open and closed circulatory systems, with closed systems confined to vessels like in vertebrates.
2) The evolution of the cardiovascular system, like the four-chambered heart in birds and mammals supporting endothermy.
3) Gas exchange via gills, tracheal systems, and lungs to uptake oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide for cellular respiration.
circulatory-system-of-the-vertebrates.pptx
The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste through the body. Components include blood, heart and blood vessels. Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with blood contained within vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries, capillaries and veins. Early vertebrates had simpler hearts but over time hearts evolved to have more chambers and septa to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Birds and mammals have four-chambered hearts with complete septation allowing for dual circulation.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and organs that collect and transport lymph fluid throughout the body. Lymph fluid is formed from plasma that leaks out of blood capillaries into tissues. It collects in lymph vessels and nodes before draining into the bloodstream. The lymphatic system helps transport fat, proteins, and immune cells between tissues and blood. It also defends against disease by producing antibodies and lymphocytes in lymph nodes. Failure of lymph to drain properly can cause swelling or elephantiasis.
Express notes science form 3
The document provides information about the human respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems. It discusses topics like respiration, oxygen transport, blood circulation, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and pregnancy. It also covers plant processes like transpiration, transport systems, and reproduction. The document contains diagrams to illustrate concepts like the pathway of air during breathing, the heart, blood vessels, and the male and female reproductive systems.
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, and regulate temperature throughout the body. The circulatory system transports blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries. There are three main types of circulatory systems - open, closed, and no circulation. The respiratory system exchanges gases through various structures like lungs, gills, and skin. Respiratory and circulatory systems have evolved over time to become more complex and efficient at gas exchange and transport.
04 17-06
1. Circulation and gas exchange occur through specialized systems that have evolved in multicellular organisms. These systems allow for the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients between cells and the external environment.
2. Gills, lungs, and internal transport systems have developed to facilitate gas and nutrient exchange across large diffusion distances in complex organisms. Vertebrates have closed circulatory systems with two-, three-, or four-chambered hearts that use arteries, capillaries and veins.
3. The heart pumps blood in a double circulation through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Heart rate and cardiac output are regulated to meet the metabolic demands of the organism.
Transport systems in animals
The document discusses the circulatory systems of various animals. It begins by describing simple gastrovascular cavities in simple animals like cnidarians and flatworms. It then covers open and closed circulatory systems, including the components of hearts, blood vessels, and blood/hemolymph. Details are provided on single and double circulation in vertebrates like fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. The structure and function of the mammalian cardiovascular system is covered in depth, including cardiac cycle, blood flow, blood pressure regulation, and capillary exchange.
Circulatory and respiratory systems
The document summarizes the circulatory and respiratory systems of various animals. It discusses how animals like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals have circulatory systems ranging from open to closed, with varying numbers of heart chambers. It also examines the respiratory structures of these animals, including lungs, gills, skin and air sacs. The respiratory systems allow for gas exchange by direct contact, tracheal systems or using specialized organs interacting with the circulatory system. Questions are provided at the end to test understanding of circulatory pathways and differences in how frogs and birds respire.
Chapter 1: Transport (1.1 - 1.3)
Biology form 5 chapter 1 (1.1 - 1.3 only!).
The next subtopics will be uploaded once completed. Have fun learning! =)
Lesson 14 digestive, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory system
This presentation contain the components of digestive system, circulatory system, lymphatic system and respiratory system. It discusses thoroughly the physiological processes perform by these systems
Circulatory System BY: EMYLIE LANTORIA.pptx
The document discusses the circulatory systems of various organisms. It describes two main types of circulatory systems - open systems where blood mixes with interstitial fluid, and closed systems where blood remains confined to vessels. Vertebrates have a closed dual circuit system, with one circuit moving blood to and from the lungs, and another moving blood to and from the rest of the body. The human cardiovascular system consists of a heart that pumps blood through arteries, capillaries and veins in two separate circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Transport1
The document discusses the importance of transport systems in multicellular organisms. Large organisms need transport systems to efficiently distribute nutrients and oxygen throughout their bodies due to their small surface area to volume ratio limiting diffusion. The circulatory system is the transport system in humans and other animals, using the blood, blood vessels, and heart. Blood is made of plasma and blood cells like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The document then describes in detail the components and functioning of the human circulatory system, including blood pressure regulation and the types of circulatory systems in different organisms.
Animal circulatory system
This document summarizes the circulatory systems of various animals. It begins by describing the components of blood in mammals, including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It then discusses the open and closed circulatory systems, found in invertebrates and vertebrates respectively. The summary describes the unique circulatory approaches in different phyla, from sponges that rely on water currents, to worms with dorsal and ventral blood vessels, to arthropods with hemolymph that bathes organs. Finally, it analyzes the evolution of circulatory systems in vertebrates from fish to amphibians to mammals with their four-chambered hearts that separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Day 4
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and removes waste through the bloodstream. Larger organisms rely on circulation rather than diffusion alone. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels and blood. Blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones and defenses. Open circulatory systems have blood that mixes directly with interstitial fluid while closed systems have continuous blood vessels. Respiration is gas exchange that allows organisms to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide through various respiratory structures adapted for their environment like gills, lungs or trachea.
circulatory-system.pptx
The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, and waste products throughout the body. There are two main types - open systems where blood is not enclosed in vessels and closed systems where blood remains in vessels. In closed systems, blood is transported through two main circuits - the pulmonary circuit through the lungs and systemic circuit through the body. The main components of closed circulatory systems are the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Similar to circulation-system of fish (20)
Presentation 07 - Animal Transport and Circulation
Presentation 07 - Animal Transport and Circulation
Lesson 14 digestive, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory system
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circulation-system of fish
- 2. 1. Functions of a c. Reptiles transport/circulatory d. Birds system e. Mammals 2. Invertebrate circulation 1) Pathway of blood a. Diffusion 2) Cardiac cycle b. Aided by gastrovascular cavity c. Water vascular system 3) Maintenance of heartbeat d. Open circulatory system 4) Principles governing blood circulation e. Closed circulatory system 5) Lymphatic system 3. Vertebrate circulation 6) Blood composition and a. Fishes function b. Amphibians 7) Cardiovascular disease
- 3. Transports materials Nutrients from digested food Respiratory gases: CO2 and O2 Waste materials: toxins and nitrogenous wastes Antibodies Hormones Enzymes Immune functions Maintains homeostasis Blood pH Heat transport
- 5. Gastrovascular cavity in simple invertebrates Cnidarians (e.g. Hydra) and flatworms (e.g. planarians) No system required Single opening: exchange of materials with the environment Central cavity for digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body Body walls two cell layers thick materials undergo diffusion
- 6. Water vascular system in echinoderms multi-purpose: locomotion, food and waste transport, respiration movement of muscles pump water into canals closed system of canals connecting tube feet madreporite ring canal radial and lateral canal tube feet ampullae
- 7. Open circulatory system Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Mollusca (with one exception) hemolymph heart(s) sinuses ostia heart(s) diffusion from sinuses to organs often serve a support purpose disadvantage: loss of pressure in sinuses insects: well-developed respiratory systems, O2 not transported through the blood
- 8. Closed circulatory system or cardiovascular system cephalopods, annelids, vertebr ates presence of blood vessels advantages 1. rapid flow 2. may direct blood to specific tissues 3. blood cells and large molecules remain within vessels 4. can support higher levels of metabolic activity
- 9. Heart Atrium Ventricle Blood vessels Arteries Arterioles Capillaries and capillary beds Venules Veins Blood
- 10. FISHES Single-circulation Fish heart 2-chambered atrium and ventricle African lungfish heart 3-chambered 2 atria LA: O2-rich blood RA: O2-poor blood spiral fold partially divided ventricle
- 11. Amphibians Pulmocutaneous and systemic circulation are partly separated Amphibian heart 1 ventricle 2 atria: LA: O2-rich blood RA: O2-poor blood advantage: oxygen-rich blood reaches the body’s organs faster disadvantage: some mixing of O2-rich and poor blood occurs
- 12. Reptiles Reptilian heart 3-chambers (crocodilians have 4) 2 atria 1 ventricle (2 in crocodiles and alligators) partially divided, decreases mixing
- 13. Birds and Mammals 4 chambered heart: 2 atria 2 ventricles full separation of pulmonary and systemic circuits Advantages 1. no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood 2. gas exchange is maximized 3. pulmonary and systemic circuits operate at different pressures Importance 1. Endothermic high nutrient and O2 demands in tissues 2. Numerous vessels great deal of resistance, so requires high pressure
- 14. R side of heart: pulmonary circuit L side of heart: systemic circuit one way valves: atrioventricular valves semilunar valves
- 15. 1. right atrium receives O2- poor blood from superior and inferior venae cavae 2. from right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve 3. pumped into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve to lungs 4. O2-rich blood from lungs is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins 5. enters the left ventricle via the mitral or bicuspid valve 6. exits the left ventricle into the aorta via the aortic semilunar valve 7. circulated to body tissues