History of Gardens.. Landscape Design.. Presentation on English Gardens

1. ENGLISH GARDEN
B Y :
M A I T R E Y E E J A G A N N AT H
M O N I K A M A H A R A N A
M A N A S W I N I

2. Garden of Chatsworth House, by C. Brown Rotunda at Stowe Garden (1730-38)

3. INTRODUCTION
• The English landscape garden/ English landscape park/ English garden, is a style of
"landscape" garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across
Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical jardin à la française of the 17th century as
the principal gardening style of Europe.
• The English garden presented an idealized view of nature.
• It drew inspiration from paintings of landscapes by Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, and,
in the Anglo-Chinese garden, from the classic Chinese gardens of the East.

4. Small
Buildings
here
Attracts
Visitors
THEY LOOK ALIKE

5. BEFORE ENGLISH GARDEN
• Before English Garden most
Gardens were arranged in French
or Dutch Style
• The French and Dutch garden has
rectangular subdivision
• Straight Avenues, paths make the
entire area look very formal and
symmetrical
FRENCH GARDEN LAYOUT

6. DUTCH GARDEN LAYOUT

7. WHO STARTED ???
• The new style that became known as the English garden was invented by landscape
designers William Kent and Charles Bridgeman, working for wealthy patrons.
• Kent’s gardens were designed to complement the Palladian architecture of the houses
he built.
• Charles Bridgeman was the son of a gardener and an experienced horticulturist, who
became the Royal Gardener for Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark,
responsible for tending and redesigning the royal gardens at Windsor, Kensington
Palace , Hampton Court, St. James's Park and Hyde Park.
• He collaborated with Kent on several major gardens, providing the botanical expertise
which allowed Kent to realize his architectural visions.

8. PALLADIAN BRIDGE AT STOWE (1730-38)
IONIC TEMPLE AT
CHISWICK HOUSE
GARDEN OF ROUSHAM HOUSE, BY
WILLIAM KENT (1737)

9. CHARACTERISTICS
A. LAKE:
There was always a lake in French Gardens, mostly man-made but appeared to be
natural forming basins. There edges were meandering and irregular, and often had
pathways meandering through the trees and close to the water edge.

10. B. ROLLING LAWNS:
Rolling Lawn Topography allowed the visitors for surprises as they come around niches
and mounds.

11. C. TREE GROOVES:
Tree Grooves were spread throughout the landscape with plants that allowed the garden
users to wander in and out the grooves and provide a view of rolling lawns against mass
tree plantings.

12. D. HA HA WALL:
The purpose of the Ha Ha Wall is to separate garden from the grazing land but is
invisible from a distance. Cattle could be kept securely in their fields without the use of
hedges or fences to interrupt the view.
The edges of the site are treated with HA HA shaped like a ditch with a fence/stone wall
very often, to provide a view beyond the site. Natural Contours were used properly and
trees were planted on the hill to give added appearance of the height and valley.

14. E. GROTTONS:
Grottons were used for romantic hideouts. They were manmade but were built to
resemble a dark naturally formed cave.

16. ELEMENTS IN ENGLISH GARDEN
RUINS BEE SKEPS
NATURAL STONE WALL

17. THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT STOURHEAD:
RECREATION OF CLASSICAL BUILDINGS
SMALL BRIDGES
MAN MADE WATERFALL

18. HEDGES
STONE SCULPTURES

19. PLANTATION IN GROUPS DROOPING TREES

20. COBBLESTONE PATHWAY WATTLE EDGING AND PANELS

21. EXAMPLES OF ENGLISH GARDENS
CLAREMONT BELVEDERE BOWOOD HOUSE GARDENS, BY C. BROWN

22. GARDEN OF PAVLOVSK PALACE NEAR ST.
PETERSBURG
THE POND IN SHEFFIELD PARK
GARDEN

23. THE MONOPTEROS IN THE ENGLISCHER GARTEN
IN MUNICH
PAVILION SHAPEL IN TSARSKOE SELO, RUSSIA