will useful for B,ED ,M.ED STUDENTS

1. Motivation and Learning
Let’s think for a moment---------
Can a car run without fuel ?
Can a radio play without
electricity?
&
Can a man function without
energy??

2. You all will have a comman
answer……………………
NO
&
Finally , all behaviour requires the
expenditure of energy.

3. What requires?
What requires thinking?
What requires emotions?
What requires perception?
What requires in
studying?...............
and so on

4.  Energy is the comman requirement.
 It must be taken in, if the organism is to survive.
To reach and to take in these fresh supplies of
energy , the individual must often expend
more.
you may have many examples.

5.  A hungry man having less energy still more by
walking few Km to find food.
 A student is studying more hours daily for passing
in the exam.
 A father is working more hour for some money ,will
need to take admission of his son .
Now the question is…………..
Why a hungry man , a students and a father is
doing so?

6. The answer of question why
….involves in…one word ie.
MOTIVATION.
All living organisms function like this: …
 they must maintain a balance
between energy expenditure and
energy acquisition.
 living organisms maintain a reserve
of energy

7.  So ,every animal is driven by inner necessity to
seek food, water and other essentials of life.
 The pressure to act is so strong that many
psychologists use the term “drives/motives”.
 In general………..
whenever a person increases his output
of energy in some form of behaviour ,a
motive is involved.

8. Varieties of motives……….
1.Biological motives…..
hunger ,thirst, sex , escape from
pain.
2.Emotions……….
fear, anger , love ,hate
,curiosity
3.Social motives…………
individual’s
interest ,values ,attitude ,patriotism ,attitude etc.

9. Types of Motivation
Two(2) types of motivation
are………………..
Natural/intrinsic
Unnatural/extrinsic

10. Characteristic of motivated
behaviour…………………
It can’t be directly observed but in
terms of their effects.In any activity we
decide the what extent it is motivated :
ENERGY
PERSISTENCE
VARIABILITY

11. Few Definitions………………
“Motivation is the super highway of
learning.”-Skinner.
“Motivation is the influence of general
pattern of activity initiating & directing the
behaviour of the organism.”……….Johnson
Motivation is to create psychological
Condition within the organism that deposes
it to act in certain ways-----------Mc Dougal

12. Connection between
Motivation & Learning
 To increase learner’s interest.
 To encourage the participation of the learner.
 In the capturing and sustaining of attention.
 Achieving the objectives of learning ,
motivation requires.
 Proper incentives or reinforcement as
motivation ,make learning easier.
 Healthy competition among the groups through
motivation improves learning.

13. Essential ingredients to
Motivation
1. VALUE & 2. EXPECTANCY
VALUE……….
Biological value needs for motives all wants
to look or to be said good/smart ,good
looking ,to maintain good physique ,
attraction towards opposite sex , wants to
survive , safety needs ,always wants to eat
good ,live good, proper rest etc.

14. Emotional value for motivation-----
curiosity ,love ,praise , in the root
of motivational behaviour.
Social value for motivation------
All needs cooperation , love & wants
to wok on good society parameter.
Different interest area,attitude,aptitude for
varied motivation.

15.  Expectation--------
All wants a healthy body ,good looking face , good fooding ,
wearing good clothes on body.
• All seeks love
• All wants comfort
• To be good in the society
• Good identification
• All gives honor, respect and good value.
• All wants to improve their economic condition.
In fact Human goals usually show multiple
motivation.
An action may serve several motives simultaneously

16. A Basic Principle of Motivation.---
HOMEOSTASIS
 Homeostasis : A Basic Principle
According to this principle ,energy
mobilization begins when an inner
equilibrium is disturbed and it continues
until this equilibrium is restored.

17. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 Principles of proper incentives and reinforcement.
 Principles of ensuring success.
 Principles of change &variety.
 Principles of active involvement.
 Principles of capitalizing on the needs and motives
 Principles of readiness to learn.
 Principles of arousing and maintaining interest
 Principles of change and variety.
 Principles of providing proper feedback.

18. Contd.
 Principle of setting good examples and models
 Principle of maintaining mild level of anxiety.

19. Motivating students in classroom
For effective TLP , a teacher can make use of
following motivational techniques…………..
Reward and Punishment.
Praise and Blame
Competition and Co-operation.
Success vs. Failure.
Knowledge of progress

20.  Novelty.
 Interest.
 Any role model.
 OTHER SOURCES----
social approval,
dominance
to overcome opposition
to acquire
to sex
parental impulses
Pictorial art,music,sculpture,literature etc.

21. Models for motivating students
Focus attention on desired goals .
Encourage positive motives.
Provide incentives and punish,if necessary.
Avoid high stress and dis-organisation.
Use learning sets and Advance organisers.
Help students to set and attain realistic goals.
Create a warm, orderly atmosphere.