6. •Direction- Relates to what an individual chooses
to do when presented with a number of alternatives.
7. •Persistence- Refers to the staying power of
behavior or how long a person will continue to
devote effort.
8. DEFINITIONS OF MOTIVATION:
Motivation is the process of arousing the action,
sustaining the activity in process and regulating the
pattern of activity.
- YOUNG
Motivation refers to the states within a person
that drives behavior toward some goals.
- MORGAN AND KING
10. Contd…..
NATURE OF MOTIVATION:
Based on motives
Affected by motivating
Goal directed behavior
Related to satisfaction
Person is motivated in totality
Complex process
13. Once upon a time there were 2 brothers. One was a
drug addict and a drunk who frequently beat up his
family. The other one was a very successful
businessman who was respected in society and had
a wonderful family. Some people wanted to find
out why two brothers from the same parents ,
brought up in the same environment, could be so
different.
14. The first one was asked, "How come you do what
you do? You are a drug addict, a drunk , and you
beat your family. What motivates you?"He said,
"My father." They asked, "What about your father?"
The reply was, "My father was a drug addict, a
drunk and he beat his family. What do you expect
me to be? That is what I am?.
15. .“ They went to the brother who was doing
everything right and asked him the same question.
"How come you are doing everything right? What
is your source of motivation?" And guess what he
said? "My father. When I was a little boy, I used to
see my dad drunk and doing all the wrong things. I
made up my mind that that is not what I wanted to
be." Both were deriving their strength and
motivation from the same source, but one was
using it positively and the other negatively.
17. Contd……..
DRIVE THEORY:
This theory might be described as „push
theory‟ of motivation. Here, the behavior is
“pushed” towards goals by driving states
within a person. When an internal driving state
is aroused, the individual is pushed to engage
in behavior which will lead to a goal that
reduces the intensity of driving state.
18. Contd……
Motivation consists of
a driving state
the goal directed behavior initiated by the
driving state
the attainment of an appropriate goal
the reduction of the driving state and
subjective satisfaction and relief when goal is
reached.
19. Contd……
INCENTIVE THEORY:
o Incentive means the motivational value of a re
inforcer.
o In contrast with the push of drive theories,
incentive theories are „pull theories of
motivation. Because of certain characteristics
they have, the goal objects pull behavior
towards them.
20. Contd……
Incentives can be
• Positive incentives: recommendations,
appreciation , vacations and the like.
• Negative incentives: punishment.
21. Contd…….
MASLOW THEORY OFHUMAN
MOTIVATION:
According to him, needs at the lower
levels of the hierarchy dominate an
individual‟s motiv-ation as they are
unsatisfied. Once, these are adequately
satisfied, however, the higher needs occupy the
individual‟s attention and efforts.
23. Contd……..
CREATING MOTIVATING CLIMATE:
The manager should apply techniques,
skills and knowledge of motivational theory to
help nurses to achieve what they want out of
work.
24. Contd……….
The manager‟s role is to influence each
individual‟s behavior and action towards
achievement of some objectives. The
manager‟s role is to influence each individual‟s
behavior and action towards achievement of
common organizational objectives.
25. Contd…….
For proper motivation among employees, the
manager has to create:
Conditions where workers energies are not
extended totally in meeting their basic needs.
A climate for inter-dependent work rather than
dependency.
A competitive climate through recognitionof
good work.
26. Contd……..
A productive climate through personal
example
A climate approach and problem-solvingrather
than avoidance, and
Motivate individually through guidance and
counseling.
27. Contd……..
One of the most powerful motivators the
nurse manager can use to create motivating
climate, which is frequently overlooked is
positive reinforcement.
The following are the single approaches for
an effective feedback system that uses positive
reinforcement are………
28. Contd……
Positive reinforcement must be specific or
relavent in a particular performance.
The positive reinforcement must occur to the
event as possible.
The reward feedback system must be
achievable.
Rewards should be unpredictable and
intermitant.
29. Contd…...
The following are essential strategies to create a
motivating climate for employees.
Have a clear expectation for workers, and
communicate these expectations effectively.
Be fair and consistent when dealing with all
employees.
Be a firm decision maker using an appropriate
decision making style.
Develop the concept of teamwork. Develop group
goals and projects that will build team spirit.
30. Contd……
Integrate the staff‟s needs and wants with the
organizations interest and purpose.
Know the uniqueness of each employee. Let each
know that you understand his or her uniqueness.
Remove traditional blocks between the employee
and the work to be done.
Provide experience that challenge or stretch the
employee, and allow opportunity for growth.
When appropriate, request participation and input
from all subordinates in decision making.
31. Contd…….
Whenever possible, give subordinates recognition and
credit.
Be certain that employees understand the reason behind
decision and actions.
Reward desirable behavior; be consistent in how we handle
undesirable behavior.
Let employees exercise individual judgement as much as
possible.
Create a trustful and helping relationship with employees.
Let employees exercise as much control as possible over
their work environment.
Be a role model for employees.
32. Contd…….
• Encourage workers to stretch themselves in an effort to
promote self-growth and self-actualization.
• Maintain a positive and enthusiastic image as a role model
to subordinates in the clinical setting.
• Encourage monitoring, sponsorship and coaching with
subordinates.
• Devote time and energy to create an environment that is
supportive and encouraging to the discouraged individual.
• Develop a unit philosophy that recognizes the unique worth
of each employee and promotes reward systems that make
each employee feel like a winner.
33. Contd…….
FUNCTIONS:
Use legitimate authority to provide formal reward systems.
Use positive feedback to reward the individual employee.
Develop unit goals that integrate organizational and
subordinate needs.
Maintain a unit environment that eliminates or reduces job
dissatisfies.
Promote a unit environment that focuses on employee
motivators.
34. Contd……
Create the tension necessary to maintain productivity
while encouraging subordinate job satisfaction.
Clearly communicate expectations to subordinates.
Demonstrate and communicate sincere respect,
concern, trust and a sense of belonging to subordinates.
Assign work duties commensurate with employee‟s
abilities and post performance to foster a sense of
accomplishment in subordinates.
Identify achievement, affiliation or power needs of
subordinates and develop appropriate motivational
strategies to meet those needs.
