2. MOTIVATION
INTRODUCTION
The bird who is building its nest, the
student who is studying hard during the
examination days, the boy who is learning
how to cycle-all do so because of motivation.
They learn because they are motivated
to learn. They act because they are persuade
to act in order to satisfy their basic needs and
attain the desired goal.
3. Interest is the central factor in
learning and motivation is related to
this factor.
Crow and Crow - “Motivation is
considered with the arousal of the
interest in learning and to the extent
is basic to learning.”
4. In this way motivation and
learning are closely interwoven. All
learning are purposeful and goal
directed. Therefore motivation is an
essential condition in learning.
Kelley - “Motivation is the
central factor in the effective
management of the process of
learning. Some type of motivation
must be present in all learning”.
5. Motivation in its psychological
sense, is concerned with the
inculcation and stimulation of the
learner’s interest in learning activities.
“Motivation is the force which
energizes a man to act and to make
constant effort in order to satisfy his
basic motives.”
6. MOTIVES
There are certain basic motives that
every person strive to satisfy. Motives are
the dynamic force that energizes all
behaviour. What we do and the manner in
which we do is governed by the motives
behind it. Our all acts are the results of our
attempts to satisfy our motives.
Motives are 2 types.
7. Primary motives
1. They are biological physiological
motives.
2. They ensure the preservation of
life for the individual and for his life.
3. They are universal motives.
4. They serve the basic biological
needs of the organisms.
5. They are inborn and innate.
E.g.: Hunger, Thirst, Sex, Elimination
of body waste, Sleep, Rest etc.
8. Secondary motives
1. They are psychological and
social motives.
2. They are acquired like other
forms of learned behaviour in the
course of satisfaction of the biological
needs.
E.g.: The need for belongingness,
Need for security, Desire of gaining
status, Power motives, Achievement
motives etc.
9. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
There are 2 types of motivation.
1. Natural motivation [Intrinsic
motivation]
It is directly linked with he natural
instincts, urges and impulses of an
organism. The individual who is naturally
motivated ,performs an art because he
finds interest within the activity.
10. 1. The activity carries its own rewards.
2. The individual takes genuine interest in
performing the activity due to some
motives and goals.
3. The source of pleasure lies in the
activity.
4. It create spontaneous attention and
interest.
11. 5. An individual engaged in learning
something because he derives pleasure
within the earing of that thing.
E.g.: A student interested to solve a
mathematical problem or interested to
read poetry and he derives pleasure from
it.
12. 2. Artificial motivation[Extrinsic
motivation]
Here the source of pleasure does
not lie within the activity. The
individual does or learn something not
for his own sake.
E.g.: Working for a better grade or
honour, learning a skill to earn
livelihood, Receiving praise and blame,
rewards and punishments etc.
13. In comparison to Extrinsic
motivation , Intrinsic motivation brings
better results in teaching- learning
process. At the same time the use of
extrinsic motivation should not be
suspended. Depending upon the
learning situation and nature of task
the choice of motivation should be
made by the teacher.
14. HOW TO MOTIVATE A CHILD TO
LEARN
Child centred approach.
Provide appropriate learning situation and
environment.
Use of effective methods, aids and devices.
Definiteness of the purpose and goal.
Knowledge of the result and problems.
Praise and blame.
Rewards and punishments.
15. Competition and co-operation.
Development of proper attitude.
Setting of goal.
Maintaining pleasant atmosphere.
Linking a new learning with past
experience.
Using appropriate audio-visual aids.
Provide immediate feedback of
achievements.
Promoting ego-involvement.
