This presentation is on the different kinds of learning experiences inside and outside the classroom

1. Learning in and out of School
Purpose of learning in and out of school: what we know? and what we need to know? Importance of
observation learning out of school - out of school learning: extending curriculum learning to the local
area -approaches to learning outside the class room- learning for outside the classroom-advantages
of learning outside the classroom.

2. Learning inside school
• gives pleasure and enthusiasm to the students
• natural way of learning
• learning is linked to students’ lives and a variety of different teaching
methods are used in school
Out of school Learning
• curricular and non – curricular learning experiences for pupils out side the
school environment
• organized with community partners such as museums, sport facilities, charity
initiatives, and more

3.  Schools - primary responsibility - cognitive and affective
development
 Families and communities - primary responsibility -
physical, personal, social, and emotional development
 Schools provide formal education
 Families and communities provide supplementary
education
 Supplementary education - formal and informal learning &
developmental opportunities that are provided outside the
school and beyond the regular school day.

4. Purpose of Learning in School
 help students develop the skills, the knowledge, and
the dispositions that will enable them to
 learn new things
 prepare for a job or career
 become a responsible and contributing members of the
society
 to promote a particular social or political system
 contribute to the economy
 to create an effective work force

5. Main Features of School
 The classroom
 locus of regular and sustained interactions
 Learning experiences are linked to students’
lives, different methods are used to make
the learning effective and interesting.
 Formative and summative assessments are
used to improve learning and achievement.
 Sets objectives for lessons and regular
feedback (including praise) on student
progress is provided.
Teacher Communities
• affects instruction and other
aspects of the classroom
• exert an indirect influence on
student outcomes
• have a strong positive impact on
student outcomes in the school.

6. Features of Learning in School
 Learning is linked to students’ lives
 A variety of different teaching methods are used
 Different learning styles are respected
 High expectations for all students
 Formative evaluations are used systematically
 Teachers set clear objectives, monitor progress, and
provide feedback

7. Features of Learning in School
 Opportunities for classroom participation
 Diversity and individual differences are respected
 Social and emotional learning is valued
 Positive student-teacher and student-student relationships
 Classroom management strategies are systematic
 Consistent and non-coercive disciplinary strategies are
used

8. Purpose of Learning out of school
 Learning experiences arranged for students often happen
outside the classroom
 overcome learning disabilities
 develop new talents
 increase their interest in education.
 Creates fun & enjoyment
 Provide personal development, motivation and
increased subject performance

9. Out of school learning
 proposed by Lauren Resnick in 1987
 consists of curricular and non-curricular learning experiences
for students outside the school environment
 Examples of out of school learning are:
 Homework and homework clubs
 Study clubs
 Mentoring by other pupils and by adults, including parents
 Community service and citizenship
 Residential activities study weeks or weekends

10. Benefits of Learning Out of School
 provides a great opportunity to discover and develop talent
 provides many benefits in terms of fun, enjoyment, personal
development, motivation and even increased subject performance.
 become risk aware but not risk averse in managing their own safety
 undertake meaningful exercise as a means of learning more about
themselves and their environment
 have the opportunity to work with others and to contribute as ‘active
citizens’ in a vast array of activities
 develop skills and self-confidence that can be applied later in their
life.

11. Learning In School Learning out of school
Good characteristics are developed
through school rules and policies
Good characteristics are developed through
societal rules and customs
Knowledge, skill, culture are learned
through books
Knowledge, skill, culture are developed
through social experiences.
Learning to live without discrimination
was taught in the school
Society teaches about the religion, race,
community and caste to students
Students are motivated to be honest,
truthful, speak good words and develop
self confidence in school
Corruption, untouchability, communal riots
affects students

12. Learning In School Learning out of school
Good thoughts are developed through
planned celebrations and camps in the
school
Students can learn about violence, riots,
and terrorist thoughts through celebrations
Culture and customs are preserved in
school
According to the needs of the society, new
customs and traditions are evolved
Schools make the students to be creative
and innovative
Media makes the students not to be
creative and may develop negative
attitudes and negative thoughts in their
mind
School policies can inculcate values
among students directly
Social agencies help students to inculcate
values among students

13. Observational Learning
 The process of learning by watching others is
called Observational learning.
 It occurs through social role models like parent, teacher,
sibling, or a friend.
 It doesn’t need teaching and comes naturally.
 It occurs as a result of witnessing another person, but is
performed later and cannot be explained as having been taught
in any other way.

14. Four stages of observational learning
 Attention: Paying attention to what is happening around them
 Retention: Remember what is observed later
 Production: Producing the act or trying to produce it
 Motivation: Perform the act out of encouragement
Examples of Observational Learning
• A child learns to make and understand different facial expressions by observing his/her mother.
• A child learns to walk through observation.
• A newer employee is always punctual after seeing a colleague get fired for being late.

15. Importance of Observational learning
 observational learning can affect behavior in many ways, with
both positive and negative consequences.
 It can teach completely new behaviors.
 It can also increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors that have
previously been learned.
 Causal learning: used to watch other people’s actions and use that
information to find out how something works and how we can do it
ourselves.
 Apprenticeship: Apprentices gain their skills in part through working with
masters in their profession and through observing and evaluating the work
of their fellow apprentices.
 Peer model influences: Learning with the help of positive, reinforcing
peer models. Peers will always enhance learning

16. HOW OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING IMPACTS LEARNING?
 Curriculum– Students must be given a chance to observe and model the
behavior that leads to a positive reinforcement.
 Instruction– Teachers must encourage collaborative learning, since much of
learning happens within important social and environmental contexts.
 Assessment– Teachers must provide incentives and the supportive
environment for the behavior to happen. They should assess the behaviour
systematically.

17. Extending Curriculum Learning to the Local Area
 Learning outside the classroom - facilitate Education for Sustainable
Development.
 short visits into the school grounds and local community
 visits to farms, factories, offices, neighborhood science centers
 Visits to natural settings such as a forest, beach or a national park.
 Providing learning activities beyond the walls of the classroom helps students get
a first hand experience from a variety of different perspectives.
 Experience outside the classroom enhances learning by providing opportunities
 to practice skills of enquiry
 value analysis and clarification
 problem solving in everyday situations.
 Taking students outside the classroom requires careful planning of the learning
activities and attention to the health and safety risks that might be faced.

18. Constraints on Learning outside the Classroom
 Difficulty of supervising a large group of students and provide them with necessary
assistance
 The ‘normal’ lessons missed by teachers and students should be compensated by
making necessary alterations in the school timetable
 Time needed to plan
 Cost of transport and accommodation, if required.
 Lack of detailed knowledge of the locality.
 Safety of the students.
 Lack of necessary skills in students.
Despite these challenges it should not be forgotten that often the most meaningful and
lasting learning takes place when students are actively exploring the great variety of
environment outside the classroom.
Learning outside the classroom also provides opportunities for teachers and students to
get to know each other better through interacting outside the structures of the
classroom and school grounds.

19. Approaches to Learning outside the Classroom
 The approaches to learning outside the classroom can be
various depending on the nature and objectives of the lesson.
 Learning outside the classroom can be teacher-centered and
expository, or it can be more enquiry-based and student-
centered.
 Two common approaches are
 (i) Field Teaching
 (ii) Field Research

20. Field Teaching
 It is a traditional approach to teaching.
 It involves taking students to a field location and
delivering a mini-lecture from which students are
expected to take notes.
 Involve students in the careful observation based on
previously acquired information.
 This approach is useful if students are inexperienced
in making their own observations or if they lack
confidence in their ability to solve problems.

21. Field Teaching
 This approach provides a structured way for them to
find their own examples as an integral part of the
learning experience.
 Study of topic or theme in class. Teacher talk, textbook
study, note taking, slide viewing, videos, etc.
 Field observations (often teacher directed). Recording of
information in the field.
 Some field interpretation.
 Back in the classroom – further interpretation and
explanation together – writing up field report.

22. Field Research
 This approach represents an inductive approach to learning.
 It involves observation, description and explanation but with a
problem solving focus.
 Students often use techniques similar to those used in historical
enquiry, geographical research or scientific explanation.
 Identification of a problem as the result of direct observations; or from
class work; or from special interests of students.
 Formulation of hypothesis as a result of reading, discussion, thinking.
 Field activities to collect data to test hypothesis.
 Data analysis – processing information
 Hypothesis testing – accept or reject.
 Discussing and writing up of possible ways to solve the originally identified
problem using information gathered in the field.

23. Advantages of Learning outside the Classroom
 development of healthy and active lifestyles.
 contact with the natural world.
 understand and respect nature.
 supports problem-solving skills and nurtures their creativity.
 to explore, experiment, discover, be active and healthy, and to develop
their physical capabilities.
 important to very young children who learn through their sensory and
physical experiences.
 learn to assess risk and develop the skills to manage new situations
 builds on interests and enthusiasms.
 sees the enjoyment, and sense of wonder and excitement.