Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Uploaded byVinothiniSylvia
PPTX, PDF23,498 views

Learning in and out of

The document discusses learning both in and out of school. It notes that learning inside school gives students pleasure and links learning to their lives, while using various teaching methods. Out of school learning involves experiences arranged outside the classroom, such as with community partners, and has benefits like fun, personal development and motivation. Observational learning, where students learn by watching others, is also important for out of school learning experiences and extending the curriculum into the local area. Approaches to out of school learning include field teaching and field research.

Education◦
Learning in and out of School Purpose of learning in and out of school: what we know? and what we need to know? Importance of observation learning out of school - out of school learning: extending curriculum learning to the local area -approaches to learning outside the class room- learning for outside the classroom-advantages of learning outside the classroom.
Learning inside school • gives pleasure and enthusiasm to the students • natural way of learning • learning is linked to students’ lives and a variety of different teaching methods are used in school Out of school Learning • curricular and non – curricular learning experiences for pupils out side the school environment • organized with community partners such as museums, sport facilities, charity initiatives, and more
 Schools - primary responsibility - cognitive and affective development  Families and communities - primary responsibility - physical, personal, social, and emotional development  Schools provide formal education  Families and communities provide supplementary education  Supplementary education - formal and informal learning & developmental opportunities that are provided outside the school and beyond the regular school day.
Purpose of Learning in School  help students develop the skills, the knowledge, and the dispositions that will enable them to  learn new things  prepare for a job or career  become a responsible and contributing members of the society  to promote a particular social or political system  contribute to the economy  to create an effective work force
Main Features of School  The classroom  locus of regular and sustained interactions  Learning experiences are linked to students’ lives, different methods are used to make the learning effective and interesting.  Formative and summative assessments are used to improve learning and achievement.  Sets objectives for lessons and regular feedback (including praise) on student progress is provided. Teacher Communities • affects instruction and other aspects of the classroom • exert an indirect influence on student outcomes • have a strong positive impact on student outcomes in the school.
Features of Learning in School  Learning is linked to students’ lives  A variety of different teaching methods are used  Different learning styles are respected  High expectations for all students  Formative evaluations are used systematically  Teachers set clear objectives, monitor progress, and provide feedback
Features of Learning in School  Opportunities for classroom participation  Diversity and individual differences are respected  Social and emotional learning is valued  Positive student-teacher and student-student relationships  Classroom management strategies are systematic  Consistent and non-coercive disciplinary strategies are used
Purpose of Learning out of school  Learning experiences arranged for students often happen outside the classroom  overcome learning disabilities  develop new talents  increase their interest in education.  Creates fun & enjoyment  Provide personal development, motivation and increased subject performance
Out of school learning  proposed by Lauren Resnick in 1987  consists of curricular and non-curricular learning experiences for students outside the school environment  Examples of out of school learning are:  Homework and homework clubs  Study clubs  Mentoring by other pupils and by adults, including parents  Community service and citizenship  Residential activities study weeks or weekends
Benefits of Learning Out of School  provides a great opportunity to discover and develop talent  provides many benefits in terms of fun, enjoyment, personal development, motivation and even increased subject performance.  become risk aware but not risk averse in managing their own safety  undertake meaningful exercise as a means of learning more about themselves and their environment  have the opportunity to work with others and to contribute as ‘active citizens’ in a vast array of activities  develop skills and self-confidence that can be applied later in their life.
Learning In School Learning out of school Good characteristics are developed through school rules and policies Good characteristics are developed through societal rules and customs Knowledge, skill, culture are learned through books Knowledge, skill, culture are developed through social experiences. Learning to live without discrimination was taught in the school Society teaches about the religion, race, community and caste to students Students are motivated to be honest, truthful, speak good words and develop self confidence in school Corruption, untouchability, communal riots affects students
Learning In School Learning out of school Good thoughts are developed through planned celebrations and camps in the school Students can learn about violence, riots, and terrorist thoughts through celebrations Culture and customs are preserved in school According to the needs of the society, new customs and traditions are evolved Schools make the students to be creative and innovative Media makes the students not to be creative and may develop negative attitudes and negative thoughts in their mind School policies can inculcate values among students directly Social agencies help students to inculcate values among students
Observational Learning  The process of learning by watching others is called Observational learning.  It occurs through social role models like parent, teacher, sibling, or a friend.  It doesn’t need teaching and comes naturally.  It occurs as a result of witnessing another person, but is performed later and cannot be explained as having been taught in any other way.
Four stages of observational learning  Attention: Paying attention to what is happening around them  Retention: Remember what is observed later  Production: Producing the act or trying to produce it  Motivation: Perform the act out of encouragement Examples of Observational Learning • A child learns to make and understand different facial expressions by observing his/her mother. • A child learns to walk through observation. • A newer employee is always punctual after seeing a colleague get fired for being late.
Importance of Observational learning  observational learning can affect behavior in many ways, with both positive and negative consequences.  It can teach completely new behaviors.  It can also increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors that have previously been learned.  Causal learning: used to watch other people’s actions and use that information to find out how something works and how we can do it ourselves.  Apprenticeship: Apprentices gain their skills in part through working with masters in their profession and through observing and evaluating the work of their fellow apprentices.  Peer model influences: Learning with the help of positive, reinforcing peer models. Peers will always enhance learning
HOW OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING IMPACTS LEARNING?  Curriculum– Students must be given a chance to observe and model the behavior that leads to a positive reinforcement.  Instruction– Teachers must encourage collaborative learning, since much of learning happens within important social and environmental contexts.  Assessment– Teachers must provide incentives and the supportive environment for the behavior to happen. They should assess the behaviour systematically.
Extending Curriculum Learning to the Local Area  Learning outside the classroom - facilitate Education for Sustainable Development.  short visits into the school grounds and local community  visits to farms, factories, offices, neighborhood science centers  Visits to natural settings such as a forest, beach or a national park.  Providing learning activities beyond the walls of the classroom helps students get a first hand experience from a variety of different perspectives.  Experience outside the classroom enhances learning by providing opportunities  to practice skills of enquiry  value analysis and clarification  problem solving in everyday situations.  Taking students outside the classroom requires careful planning of the learning activities and attention to the health and safety risks that might be faced.
Constraints on Learning outside the Classroom  Difficulty of supervising a large group of students and provide them with necessary assistance  The ‘normal’ lessons missed by teachers and students should be compensated by making necessary alterations in the school timetable  Time needed to plan  Cost of transport and accommodation, if required.  Lack of detailed knowledge of the locality.  Safety of the students.  Lack of necessary skills in students. Despite these challenges it should not be forgotten that often the most meaningful and lasting learning takes place when students are actively exploring the great variety of environment outside the classroom. Learning outside the classroom also provides opportunities for teachers and students to get to know each other better through interacting outside the structures of the classroom and school grounds.
Approaches to Learning outside the Classroom  The approaches to learning outside the classroom can be various depending on the nature and objectives of the lesson.  Learning outside the classroom can be teacher-centered and expository, or it can be more enquiry-based and student- centered.  Two common approaches are  (i) Field Teaching  (ii) Field Research
Field Teaching  It is a traditional approach to teaching.  It involves taking students to a field location and delivering a mini-lecture from which students are expected to take notes.  Involve students in the careful observation based on previously acquired information.  This approach is useful if students are inexperienced in making their own observations or if they lack confidence in their ability to solve problems.
Field Teaching  This approach provides a structured way for them to find their own examples as an integral part of the learning experience.  Study of topic or theme in class. Teacher talk, textbook study, note taking, slide viewing, videos, etc.  Field observations (often teacher directed). Recording of information in the field.  Some field interpretation.  Back in the classroom – further interpretation and explanation together – writing up field report.
Field Research  This approach represents an inductive approach to learning.  It involves observation, description and explanation but with a problem solving focus.  Students often use techniques similar to those used in historical enquiry, geographical research or scientific explanation.  Identification of a problem as the result of direct observations; or from class work; or from special interests of students.  Formulation of hypothesis as a result of reading, discussion, thinking.  Field activities to collect data to test hypothesis.  Data analysis – processing information  Hypothesis testing – accept or reject.  Discussing and writing up of possible ways to solve the originally identified problem using information gathered in the field.
Advantages of Learning outside the Classroom  development of healthy and active lifestyles.  contact with the natural world.  understand and respect nature.  supports problem-solving skills and nurtures their creativity.  to explore, experiment, discover, be active and healthy, and to develop their physical capabilities.  important to very young children who learn through their sensory and physical experiences.  learn to assess risk and develop the skills to manage new situations  builds on interests and enthusiasms.  sees the enjoyment, and sense of wonder and excitement.