This document contains a group presentation on motion by Javed Ali, Khalid Hussain, Muqadas Khursid, and Sheeera Parveen from the National University of Modern Languages in Islamabad. It defines important terms related to motion such as position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It describes different types of motion including translational, rotational, reciprocating, oscillatory, periodic, and projectile motion. Finally, it outlines Isaac Newton's three laws of motion, providing the statement and mathematical expression for each law.

1. Group Presentation
J a v e d A l i
K h a l i d H u s s a i n
M u q a d a s K h u r s h i d
S h a h e e r a P a r v e e n
National University Of Modern Languages Islamabad

2. Table of Contents
Important Terms
Motion
Types of motion
Laws of motion

3. Important Terms
 Position
 Distance
 Displacement
 Speed
 Velocity
 Acceleration

4. "A Position is the location of an object
relative to some observer".
Earth is usually taken as a reference,
and we often describe the position of
an object as it relates to stationary
objects on earth.
Position

5. "The length of a path traveled
between two positions is called
distance".
Distance has no direction and
therefore it is a scalar quantity and its
SI unit is a meter.
Distance

6. "The shortest directed distance
between two positions is called
displacement".
Displacement has direction, therefore,
it is a vector quantity. Its SI unit is
meter same as distance.
Displacement

7. "Measure of distance covered (Δs) with the passage of
time (Δt) is called speed (denote by v)".
Speed = distance / elapsed time
v = Δs / Δt
As distance scalar quantity therefore speed is also a
scalar quantity having SI unit of a meter per second
(ms-1).
Speed

8. "Measure of displacement covered (Δs) with the
passage of time ( Δt) is called velocity (denote by v)".
Velocity = displacement / elapsed time
v = Δs / Δt
As displacement is a vector quantity, therefore, velocity
is also a vector quantity having SI unit of a meter per
second (ms-1).
Velocity

9. "The measure of change in velocity (Δv) with the
passage of time (Δt) is called acceleration (denote by a)'
acceleration = change in velocity / elapsed time
a = Δv / Δt
Acceleration is also a vector quantity having the same
direction as the change in velocity. SI unit of
acceleration is meter per second squared (ms-2).
It is a measure of how rapidly the velocity is changing.
Acceleration

10. Motion
"A body is in a state of motion with respect to an
observer if it changes its position with respect to
that observer".
For example
i. The motion of fan
ii. The motion of dust falling from the carpet
iii. The motion of water that flows from the top
iv. The motion of ball rolling around
v. The motion of moving car
vi. Even the universe is in continual motion.

11. Motion relativity with Rest
When a person travels by a train a person who is
outside the train sees the person inside the train in
motion, but the person inside the train feels himself to
be at rest.
For example
For the same event, two observers can have different observations.
Thus the motion and rest are not absolute but relative, This means
that we have to specify the observer while telling about the rest or
motion of the body.

12. Types of Motion
 Translational Motion
 Rotational Motion
 Reciprocating Motion
 Oscillatory Motion
 Periodic Motion
 Projectile Motion

13. Translational Motion
It is the type, where an object moves along a path in
any of the three dimensions.
It is a type of translational motion where the body
moves in a single direction along one axis or direction.
It is also referred to as rectilinear motion.
Linear Motion

14. Curvilinear Motion
It is a type of translational motion in which the body is in
a curved path. It is also motion in two-three dimensions.
It is the type, where an object moves along a circular
path about a fixed axis.
Rotational Motion

15. Oscillatory Motion
It is the type of motion which is to and fro or repetitive
in nature within a time frame. It is also called vibratory
motion.
A repetitive and continuous up and down or back and
forth motion is called reciprocating motion.
Reciprocating Motion

16. Periodic Motion
It is the type of motion that repeats itself after certain
intervals of time.
It is the type of motion which has a horizontal
displacement as well as vertical displacement.
Projectile Motion

17. Laws of Motion
 Newton 1st Law of Motion
 Newton 2nd Law of Motion
 Newton 3rd Law of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists and
mathematicians. He had new different ideas about motion,
which he described in his three laws known as Newton’s laws of
motion.

18. Newton 1st Law of Motion
Statement;
An object remains at rest, or in uniform motion in a
straight line, unless it is compelled to change by an
external net (resultant) force.
Mathematical Expression:
∑F = F ext = 0
Then,
Acceleration = a = 0

19. Newton 2nd Law of Motion
Statement;
A net force applied on the body produces
acceleration in the body which is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the net force
and inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.
Mathematical Expression:
F = ma

20. Newton 3rd Law of Motion
Statement;
When one object exerts a force on a second
object, the second object exerts a force of the
same magnitude and opposite direction on the
first object.
Mathematical Expression:

21. THANK YOU
Any Question?