The document provides an overview of motherboards, detailing their composition, manufacturing process, and key components including the CPU socket, RAM slots, and expansion card slots. It explains the functions of BIOS and CMOS, the importance of input/output ports, and various types of ports including IDE and SATA. Additionally, it describes the roles of VRMs, cabinet connections, and the distinctions between northbridge and southbridge chips.

1. MOTHER
BOARD

2. �The motherboard is the main circuit board.
�Motherboard has a collection of chips and controllers known as
the chipset.
�It connects and transmits signals to and from peripherals and
components.
MOTHER BOARD

3. A motherboard is mainly composed of two materials:
� Layers of fiberglass for the purpose of insulation.
� Copper to form conductive pathways.
MOTHER BOARD

4. The motherboard manufacturing process is essentially broken down
into 4 steps:
� Surface Mount Technology (SMT)
� DIP (Dual Inline Package)
� Testing
� Packaging
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

5. � BIOS and CMOS
� Input/Output Ports
� IDE and SATA Ports
� Power Connectors
� VRMs (Voltage Regulator Module)
� Cabinet Connections
PARTS OF A MOTHERBOARD

6. � CPU Socket
� Expansion Card Slots
� RAM (Memory) Slots
� Northbridge and Southbridge Chip
� ROM Chip
PARTS OF A MOTHERBOARD

8. � BIOS (basic input/output system)
� It is the program that microprocessor uses to get the computer system
started after you turn it on.
� It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and
attached devices.
BIOS

9. The Four main functions of a BIOS
� POST
� Bootstrap Loader
� BIOS drivers
� BIOS setup or CMOS setup
BIOS

10. � CMOS is short for complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor.
� Alternatively referred to as a RTC (real-time clock), NVRAM
(non-volatile RAM) or CMOS RAM.
� CMOS is an on board, battery powered semiconductor chip
inside computers that stores information.
� This information ranges from the system time and date to system
hardware settings for your computer.
CMOS

11. � Internal port − It connects the motherboard to internal devices like
hard disk drive, CD drive, internal modem, etc.
� External port − It connects the motherboard to external devices like
modem, mouse, printer, flash drives, etc.
INPUT/OUTPUT PORTS

12. � Short for Integrated Drive Electronics, IDE is more commonly
known as ATA or PATA (parallel ATA).
� It interface used between a computer motherboard's data paths
or bus and the computer's disk storage devices.
IDE

13. � Stands for "Serial Advanced Technology Attachment," or "Serial
ATA."
� It is an interface used to connect ATA hard drives to a computer's
motherboard.
SATA

14. � The device is engineered to connect power from the computer's
main power supply to all of the computer's components.
� Every motherboard has at least one power connector.
POWER CONNECTORS

15. � VRM, also called a processor power module (PPM), is a component
that acts very similar to a computer power supply unit (PSU). It cuts
down the voltage.
� A process that actually happens several times before the electricity
even reaches your home to provide the CPU with the exact amount
of voltage it needs.
VRMs (Voltage Regulator Module)

16. � It connects the Power Switch, the LED power indicator, the Reset
Switch, the HDD LED.
� The front audio port and front USB are also connected here.
� These connections are also usually located at the bottom part of
the motherboard.
CABINET CONNECTIONS

17. � The CPU socket is the array of hundreds of holes or metal plates to
which a computer's central processing unit connects.
� The CPU socket supplies power to the processor and allows data to
be sent to and from the processor from the computer's memory.
CPU SOCKET

18. � Expansion cards can extend the capability of a system by adding more
resources.
� Expansion cards can increase functionality by adding abilities that were
not in the original system.
� Expansion cards are often a fairly inexpensive solution to a multitude of
issues that may occur.
EXPANSION CARD SLOTS

19. Types:
1. Video cards
2. Network cards
3. Sound cards
4. Modem cards
EXPANSION CARD SLOTS

20. Network cards
� Most motherboards have built in network cards, however, they can fail
or they might not connect to the right type of network in your situation.
� Additionally, It connect with another or different type of network or make
multiple network connections.

21. Sound cards
� Sound cards expand the sound capabilities of a PC.
� With a sound card, a system can go from mono sound, to stereo
sound, to surround sound.

22. Modem cards
� Most systems no longer come with built-in modems.
� However, some virtual private networks require the client to dial in in
order to connect and a modem is needed to do so.
� An expansion card that has a modem built into it will resolve this
problem.

23. Video cards (Accelerated Graphics Port).
� Video cards can increase the overall performance of a system,
depending upon the card that is installed.
� They can also allow the addition of multiple monitors.
� One of the ways that they increase performance is by taking the
workload off of the CPU and transferring it to the video card.

24. � The north bridge chip is connected directly to the CPU and
handles fast communication between the CPU and performance-
sensitive components such as the graphics card and system
memory.
� The south bridge communicates with less performance-
sensitive components such as USB ports, storage devices,
onboard networks, and audio chips.
NORTH BRIDGE AND SOUTH BRIDGE
CHIP

25. � Random access memory (RAM) is connected to the computer
motherboard through RAM slots.
� Program is loaded from the hard drive into RAM storage for quick
retrieval when it gets open.
RAM CHIP

26. � ROM or Read Only Memory .
� It’s very hard to modify the contents of a ROM.
� It's used to store the start-up instructions for a computer, also known
as the firmware.
ROM CHIP

27. � AT Motherboard
� ATX Motherboard
� LPX Motherboard
� BTX Motherboard
� Pico BTX Motherboard
� Mini ITX Motherboard.
TYPES OF MOTHER BOARD

28. THANK YOU