Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic microorganisms that reproduce through binary fission. Most plant pathogenic bacteria are rod-shaped, between 0.5-5.0 μm in size, and gram-negative. Bacteria shapes include: cocci (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spirillum (spiral or curved rods). The main shapes of cocci are mono coccus, diplo coccus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, and sarcina. Bacillus can be straight rods occurring singly, in pairs, chains, or parallel arrangements. Spirillum include vibrio (curved rods), spirillum (rigid spirals), and spiroche