This unit covers molecular genetics through readings of chapters 16-20 and laboratory exercises. Key topics include DNA and RNA as the basis of heredity; gene regulation leading to cell specialization; and how genetic changes result in phenotypic changes. The unit examines the molecular basis of inheritance through DNA replication and transcription/translation. It also explores genetics of viruses and bacteria, including viral structure and replication, and bacterial transformation. Eukaryotic genomes and DNA technology are also addressed, such as histones, DNA cloning, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis. The associated lab focuses on bacterial transformation using plasmids, restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA, and gel electrophoresis analysis of DNA fragments.