This document covers acids and bases, including definitions, properties, examples and the pH scale. It also discusses acid rain, its effects and causes. For radioactivity, it defines different types and compares the strong force to the electric force in alpha and beta equations. It explains transmutation, half-life, fission and chain reactions. Additionally, it outlines nuclear power plants, how they create electricity from fission, reasons for past meltdowns and pros and cons of nuclear power. Finally, it addresses the big bang theory, evidence supporting it, the potential end of the universe, star formation, star types and life cycles.