Electroporation is a method that uses electric pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing molecules like DNA to enter cells. It can be used to introduce foreign genes into host cells for transformation or transfection. The electric pulses temporarily permeabilize the membrane, and the DNA enters through newly formed pores and incorporates into the host cell genome. Electroporation has applications in biotech for bacterial, yeast, and plant transformation, as well as gene therapy, cell therapy, and tumor treatment. It allows efficient delivery of DNA vaccines and other molecules into cells with minimal amounts of material.