Molecular Biology on Cancer and HIV
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•358 views
The documents discuss new combination therapies to treat breast cancer and HIV. A Boston study found a combination of epigenetic and protease inhibitor drugs effectively inhibited growth and increased death of breast cancer cell lines. Scientists also discovered a safer method of using zinc finger nuclease proteins to disrupt specific genes as an alternative to experimental HIV gene therapy, reducing risks of viral incorporation into cellular DNA or excessive off-target DNA cuts. The new therapies offer hope for developing more effective and safer treatments for breast cancer and HIV.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
GENE THERAPY
This paper highlights mainly on gene therapy for oral cancer
Oral cancer is one of the deadly disease which need a different vision of treatment because of its pooor prognosis rate.
This paper highlights the basic idea of gene therapy , techniques , steps , its merits & limitations.
Human genome, genetic mapping, cloning, and cryonics
This document discusses the science of cryonics, which is the process of preserving humans in extremely cold temperatures after death with the goal of future revival. It explains that cryonics was first proposed by Robert Ettinger in the 1960s based on the idea that future medical advances may allow revival after freezing. The document outlines the cryonics process which involves replacing water in the body with antifreeze chemicals to prevent ice damage before freezing the body. It notes that the goal of cryonics is to use future nanotechnology and repair techniques to potentially revive frozen patients. The oldest cryonics patient currently preserved is from 1967.
Diapositivas plegable Molecular
1) A study found a safer, non-invasive test for chromosomal defects in fetuses by analyzing fetal DNA from a maternal blood draw, avoiding riskier invasive procedures.
2) Images showed details of a T7 virus infecting a cell, changing understanding of the infection process. Fibers help the virus enter the cell and its DNA is ejected.
3) Understanding virus infection processes could help develop more effective treatments for infected patients.
Molecular biology
This document discusses several topics related to molecular biology and DNA, including:
1) DNA structure, which involves double-stranded DNA containing genes that code for amino acids. 2) Chromosomes, which package DNA and contain telomeres that protect DNA during cell replication. 3) DNA replication and transcription, which allow DNA to direct protein synthesis. 4) Molecular techniques like electrophoresis, hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction that are used to study DNA.
Seminar presentation on snp (mulualem & janvier)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in a single DNA nucleotide that occur in over 1% of the population. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among humans, as 99.9% of human DNA sequences are identical, while the remaining 0.1% makes each individual unique. Modern techniques can efficiently determine the status of large numbers of SNPs, which promises to advance our understanding and treatment of human disease.
DNA Chip
DNA chips, also known as microarrays, contain thousands of genes arranged on a small chip. Each gene occupies its own spot on the chip. By introducing genetic samples onto the chip, researchers can determine which genes are most active and gain insights into how genetics affect traits and diseases. Emerging nanotechnologies allow the creation of even smaller DNA chips with higher resolution using techniques like dip pen nanolithography and electrochemical sensing. These nano-scale DNA chips have the potential to revolutionize the study of genomics and functional genomics.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (sn ps), haplotypes,
This document provides an overview of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), including their biological background, terminology, detection techniques, and applications. It defines SNPs as single base changes that occur in at least 1% of a population. SNPs can be harmless, harmful, or latent, and are found primarily in noncoding regions, occurring around every 100-300 bases. The document discusses techniques for detecting known and unknown SNPs, including hybridization methods like microarrays and PCR, as well as enzyme-based techniques like nucleotide extension, cleavage, and ligation. It notes applications of SNPs in areas like gene discovery, disease association studies, diagnostics, and predicting treatment response.
SNP
This document discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It defines SNPs as variations in DNA sequences that occur when a single nucleotide differs between members of a species. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation. The document outlines the characteristics of SNPs, how they are used as genetic markers, and various methods for SNP genotyping, including direct sequencing, TaqMan assays, and microchips. It also discusses the advantages and applications of SNPs in areas like gene discovery, disease risk profiling, and genetic variation studies.
Recommended
GENE THERAPY
This paper highlights mainly on gene therapy for oral cancer
Oral cancer is one of the deadly disease which need a different vision of treatment because of its pooor prognosis rate.
This paper highlights the basic idea of gene therapy , techniques , steps , its merits & limitations.
Human genome, genetic mapping, cloning, and cryonics
This document discusses the science of cryonics, which is the process of preserving humans in extremely cold temperatures after death with the goal of future revival. It explains that cryonics was first proposed by Robert Ettinger in the 1960s based on the idea that future medical advances may allow revival after freezing. The document outlines the cryonics process which involves replacing water in the body with antifreeze chemicals to prevent ice damage before freezing the body. It notes that the goal of cryonics is to use future nanotechnology and repair techniques to potentially revive frozen patients. The oldest cryonics patient currently preserved is from 1967.
Diapositivas plegable Molecular
1) A study found a safer, non-invasive test for chromosomal defects in fetuses by analyzing fetal DNA from a maternal blood draw, avoiding riskier invasive procedures.
2) Images showed details of a T7 virus infecting a cell, changing understanding of the infection process. Fibers help the virus enter the cell and its DNA is ejected.
3) Understanding virus infection processes could help develop more effective treatments for infected patients.
Molecular biology
This document discusses several topics related to molecular biology and DNA, including:
1) DNA structure, which involves double-stranded DNA containing genes that code for amino acids. 2) Chromosomes, which package DNA and contain telomeres that protect DNA during cell replication. 3) DNA replication and transcription, which allow DNA to direct protein synthesis. 4) Molecular techniques like electrophoresis, hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction that are used to study DNA.
Seminar presentation on snp (mulualem & janvier)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in a single DNA nucleotide that occur in over 1% of the population. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among humans, as 99.9% of human DNA sequences are identical, while the remaining 0.1% makes each individual unique. Modern techniques can efficiently determine the status of large numbers of SNPs, which promises to advance our understanding and treatment of human disease.
DNA Chip
DNA chips, also known as microarrays, contain thousands of genes arranged on a small chip. Each gene occupies its own spot on the chip. By introducing genetic samples onto the chip, researchers can determine which genes are most active and gain insights into how genetics affect traits and diseases. Emerging nanotechnologies allow the creation of even smaller DNA chips with higher resolution using techniques like dip pen nanolithography and electrochemical sensing. These nano-scale DNA chips have the potential to revolutionize the study of genomics and functional genomics.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (sn ps), haplotypes,
This document provides an overview of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), including their biological background, terminology, detection techniques, and applications. It defines SNPs as single base changes that occur in at least 1% of a population. SNPs can be harmless, harmful, or latent, and are found primarily in noncoding regions, occurring around every 100-300 bases. The document discusses techniques for detecting known and unknown SNPs, including hybridization methods like microarrays and PCR, as well as enzyme-based techniques like nucleotide extension, cleavage, and ligation. It notes applications of SNPs in areas like gene discovery, disease association studies, diagnostics, and predicting treatment response.
SNP
This document discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It defines SNPs as variations in DNA sequences that occur when a single nucleotide differs between members of a species. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation. The document outlines the characteristics of SNPs, how they are used as genetic markers, and various methods for SNP genotyping, including direct sequencing, TaqMan assays, and microchips. It also discusses the advantages and applications of SNPs in areas like gene discovery, disease risk profiling, and genetic variation studies.
Whole genome sequence
This document provides an overview of whole genome sequencing. It discusses the history and development of genome sequencing technologies. Several methods of whole genome sequencing are described, including shotgun sequencing which involves randomly breaking DNA into fragments, sequencing the fragments, and reassembling them using overlapping regions. Applications of whole genome sequencing include disease diagnosis, drug development, forensics, and agriculture. Both advantages and limitations of different sequencing technologies are presented. The document concludes that genome sequencing can help isolate genetic markers in a cost-effective manner.
SNP Detection Methods and applications
complete Single Nucleotide Polymorphiitsm Detection methods with Advance techniques with its applications
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are single base variations between genomes within a species.
There are at least 10 million polymorphic sites in the human genome.
SNPs can distinguish individuals from one another
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Chemical Cleavage Of Mismatch
Single-stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)
MutS Protein-binding Assays
Mismatch Repair Detection (MRD)
Heteroduplex Analysis (HA)
Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC)
UNG-Mediated T-Sequencing
RNA-Mediated Finger printing with MALDI MS Detection
Sequencing by Hybridization
Direct DNA Sequencing
Single-feature polymorphism (SFP)
Invader probe
Allele-specific oligonucleotide probes
PCR-based methods
Allele specific primers
Sequence Polymorphism-Derived (SPD) markers
Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLinG)
Minisequencing primers
Allele-specific ligation probes
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves using genes to treat or prevent disease. For cancer treatment, researchers remove the gene that causes cancer (oncogene) from the virus and replace it with a healthy gene (like p53 tumor suppressor gene). They then inject the modified virus into patients' tumors, where it delivers the healthy gene to cancer cells. The healthy gene helps cancer cells self-destruct without harming normal cells. Gene therapy has been used to treat several cancer types safely and effectively for over 15 years.
Mapping and Cloning of Human disease gene
Vasant Kumar's document discusses methods for mapping and cloning human disease genes. It describes two types of genome mapping - genetic mapping, which looks at genetic recombination, and physical mapping, which determines the physical distance between DNA sequences. Several techniques for physical mapping are outlined, including restriction mapping, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and sequence-tagged site mapping. The document also explains how to identify the gene responsible for a genetic disease using linkage analysis and positional cloning. Examples discussed include the genes for Huntington's disease, BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancer, and genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease expression.
Understanding Junk DNA
This document discusses genetics and how they relate to health and disease. Some key points:
1) Modern science used to believe genetics determined health and disease, but research now shows genetics can be programmed and influenced by lifestyle choices.
2) In 1997, cloning an adult sheep proved that cells retain genetic information from all stages of life and can be reprogrammed, challenging ideas of predetermined aging and health.
3) Each cell contains a "hologram" of perfect health, so if poor health exists, it's due to environmental factors distorting genetic expression over time.
4) Medications, toxins, and poor lifestyle accumulate "junk DNA" that distorts genetic expression and programming,
GENE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on gene therapy. It discusses the basic principles of genes and gene therapy, including how genes encode proteins and how mutations can cause disease. It describes the two main types of gene therapy - somatic and germline. It also outlines some viral vectors used, methods of gene transfer like ex vivo and in vivo, diseases that may be treatable with gene therapy, prospects of the approach, and concludes that further development is needed but gene therapy has potential to benefit humanity.
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
The document discusses tumor viruses, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. It summarizes key findings such as:
1. Peyton Rous discovered viruses can cause cancer in chickens in 1910. Retroviruses like Rous sarcoma virus carry oncogenes that can transform infected cells.
2. Oncogenes were first discovered in viruses and called viral oncogenes. Their normal cellular counterparts are called proto-oncogenes, which regulate cell growth. Activation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes, such as via mutation, can accelerate cell growth and division leading to cancer.
3. Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that protect the cell. Their absence can allow
Biomolecular news
1. Researchers have discovered a new four-stranded quadruple helix DNA structure called G-quadruplexes that exists in human genomes, particularly in regions rich in guanine. These quadruplexes are more common in rapidly dividing cells like cancer cells.
2. A separate study identified new sites in cells where DNA breaks early in the replication process. These break sites correlate with damage seen in cancers like diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Comparing mouse and human cells, both exhibit similar trends of genome instability at these sites.
3. Discoveries of DNA structures and break sites help understand the origins of diseases and cancer, offering new treatment approaches through stopping replication in cancer cells or addressing instability.
Neuroblastoma research paper(2015)
in this research paper ,researchers found a new therapeutic drug that is SULFASALAZINE for the treatment of neuroblastoma that has a action on SEPIATERIN REDUCTASE
Genome mapping
Genetic mapping involves constructing maps that show the positions of genes and other sequences on a genome. It uses genetic techniques like cross-breeding experiments or examining family histories. Markers like genes, RFLPs, SSLPs, and SNPs are used in mapping. Genetic mapping is based on genetic linkage and inheritance. By determining the recombination frequency between markers, which is proportional to their distance apart, a genetic map can be constructed showing the relative positions of genes on chromosomes.
Gene therapy - a Powerpoint Presentation
This document discusses gene therapy for the treatment of cancer. It begins by explaining what genes are and how they relate to cancer development. It then describes the process of making gene therapy medicine, which involves using a modified adenovirus to deliver a tumor suppressor gene like p53 into cancer cells. The document explains how gene therapy works by having the adenovirus deliver the tumor suppressor gene into the cancer cell nucleus, where it causes the cancer cell to self-destruct. It notes that gene therapy can be administered directly into tumors or systemically via injection. The document concludes by presenting examples of patients who were
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is caused by mutations (changes) in certain genes. Over the past few decades, scientists have learned how certain changes in a person’s DNA can cause cells of the retina to become cancerous. The DNA in each of our cells makes up our genes, which are the instructions for how our cells function. We usually look like our parents because they are the source of our DNA. But DNA affects much more than how we look. Some genes control when our cells grow, divide into new cells, and die at the right time. Certain genes that help cells grow, divide, or stay alive are called oncogenes. Others that slow down cell division or cause cells to die at the right time are called tumor suppressor genes. Cancers can be caused by DNA changes that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. The most important gene in retinoblastoma is the RB1 tumor suppressor gene. This gene makes a protein (pRb) that helps stop cells from growing too quickly. Each cell normally has 2 RB1 genes. As long as a retinal cell has at least one RB1 gene that works as it should, it will not form a retinoblastoma. But when both of the RB1 genes are mutated or missing, a cell can grow unchecked. This can lead to further gene changes, which in turn may cause cells to become cancerous.
Human genome
The human genome consists of the complete set of genetic information encoded as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs and mitochondria. While there are differences among individuals, these differences are smaller than between humans and other species like chimpanzees. The genome includes both protein-coding genes and noncoding DNA, which can regulate genes or have other functions. Some common genetic disorders are caused by mutations in single genes, like cystic fibrosis from mutations in the CFTR gene. While individually rare, genetic disorders collectively represent a significant portion of medical conditions due to the many genes that can vary to cause disease.
Snp
This document discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It defines SNPs as single base changes in DNA sequences that occur in at least 1% of a large population. The document notes that while human genomes are 99.9% identical, there are positions where some people have one nucleotide pair while others have another, which are called SNPs. SNPs are described as the most common form of genetic variation, with over 90% of human genetic variations coming from SNPs. The uses and implications of SNPs are also summarized.
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...
The document discusses two scientific articles about discoveries related to cancer recurrence and stem cells. The first article describes a DNA-repairing protein that may help prevent cancer recurrence by allowing cancer cells to repair DNA damage from chemotherapy. The second article finds that a retrovirus present in the human genome is active in pluripotent stem cells and could help develop new gene therapy treatments.
Antisense and RNAi
it will provide an overview of the mechanism of interference at RNA level which can be utilized for the silencing of the undesirable gene.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic variations that occur when a single nucleotide differs between members of a species. SNPs are very common, occurring around every 300 bases, and are useful for studying genetic contributions to diseases and drug responses. Researchers can identify SNPs by comparing genome sequences from many individuals and generating SNP maps and profiles that show common genetic variations.
7. molecular genetics
This document covers molecular genetics and genetic engineering, including DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis through transcription and translation, the genetic code, the human genome and its uses for diagnosis, therapy and research. It also discusses genetic engineering techniques like PCR and their uses in research, forensics and testing, as well as risks and applications in biotechnology for agriculture like GMOs and in biomedicine like gene therapy and production of human substances.
Dna repair
This document summarizes two research articles about DNA repair and telomeres. The first article finds that telomeres get shorter with each cell division, protecting cells from premature senescence. It also finds that an RNA species called TERRA accumulates at critically short telomeres, signaling the cell to repair its DNA or stop dividing. The second article discovers that cancer cells may streamline their genomes by reducing redundant ribosomal DNA to proliferate more easily. Both articles highlight the importance of DNA repair mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation and preventing unwanted cell division like cancer.
Lecture 2
1. Genetic linkage maps show the relative locations of DNA markers along chromosomes, while physical maps show the exact positions of genes and sequences.
2. Major methods for genetic mapping are RFLPs, microsatellites, and SNPs, while physical mapping uses restriction fingerprinting, chromosome walking, STS mapping, and FISH.
3. Gene mapping is useful for locating gene positions, estimating genetic risk, and has aided in fully sequencing genomes like yeast, worms, flies, mice, and humans.
Hiv
HIV attacks the immune system, making it unable to fight infection. AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV that results from destruction of the immune system. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS are flu-like or mononucleosis-like. HIV/AIDS can be transmitted sexually or through blood transfusions and intravenous drug use. Prevention methods include safe sex practices and safe needle use. Treatment includes antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV and prevent opportunistic infections.
Biology :Immune Suppression (HIV)
Here were i explain how actually HIV gets viral in our immune system. Get through the diagrams , it actually helps a lot :)
More Related Content
What's hot
Whole genome sequence
This document provides an overview of whole genome sequencing. It discusses the history and development of genome sequencing technologies. Several methods of whole genome sequencing are described, including shotgun sequencing which involves randomly breaking DNA into fragments, sequencing the fragments, and reassembling them using overlapping regions. Applications of whole genome sequencing include disease diagnosis, drug development, forensics, and agriculture. Both advantages and limitations of different sequencing technologies are presented. The document concludes that genome sequencing can help isolate genetic markers in a cost-effective manner.
SNP Detection Methods and applications
complete Single Nucleotide Polymorphiitsm Detection methods with Advance techniques with its applications
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are single base variations between genomes within a species.
There are at least 10 million polymorphic sites in the human genome.
SNPs can distinguish individuals from one another
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Chemical Cleavage Of Mismatch
Single-stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)
MutS Protein-binding Assays
Mismatch Repair Detection (MRD)
Heteroduplex Analysis (HA)
Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC)
UNG-Mediated T-Sequencing
RNA-Mediated Finger printing with MALDI MS Detection
Sequencing by Hybridization
Direct DNA Sequencing
Single-feature polymorphism (SFP)
Invader probe
Allele-specific oligonucleotide probes
PCR-based methods
Allele specific primers
Sequence Polymorphism-Derived (SPD) markers
Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLinG)
Minisequencing primers
Allele-specific ligation probes
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves using genes to treat or prevent disease. For cancer treatment, researchers remove the gene that causes cancer (oncogene) from the virus and replace it with a healthy gene (like p53 tumor suppressor gene). They then inject the modified virus into patients' tumors, where it delivers the healthy gene to cancer cells. The healthy gene helps cancer cells self-destruct without harming normal cells. Gene therapy has been used to treat several cancer types safely and effectively for over 15 years.
Mapping and Cloning of Human disease gene
Vasant Kumar's document discusses methods for mapping and cloning human disease genes. It describes two types of genome mapping - genetic mapping, which looks at genetic recombination, and physical mapping, which determines the physical distance between DNA sequences. Several techniques for physical mapping are outlined, including restriction mapping, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and sequence-tagged site mapping. The document also explains how to identify the gene responsible for a genetic disease using linkage analysis and positional cloning. Examples discussed include the genes for Huntington's disease, BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancer, and genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease expression.
Understanding Junk DNA
This document discusses genetics and how they relate to health and disease. Some key points:
1) Modern science used to believe genetics determined health and disease, but research now shows genetics can be programmed and influenced by lifestyle choices.
2) In 1997, cloning an adult sheep proved that cells retain genetic information from all stages of life and can be reprogrammed, challenging ideas of predetermined aging and health.
3) Each cell contains a "hologram" of perfect health, so if poor health exists, it's due to environmental factors distorting genetic expression over time.
4) Medications, toxins, and poor lifestyle accumulate "junk DNA" that distorts genetic expression and programming,
GENE THERAPY: PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on gene therapy. It discusses the basic principles of genes and gene therapy, including how genes encode proteins and how mutations can cause disease. It describes the two main types of gene therapy - somatic and germline. It also outlines some viral vectors used, methods of gene transfer like ex vivo and in vivo, diseases that may be treatable with gene therapy, prospects of the approach, and concludes that further development is needed but gene therapy has potential to benefit humanity.
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
The document discusses tumor viruses, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. It summarizes key findings such as:
1. Peyton Rous discovered viruses can cause cancer in chickens in 1910. Retroviruses like Rous sarcoma virus carry oncogenes that can transform infected cells.
2. Oncogenes were first discovered in viruses and called viral oncogenes. Their normal cellular counterparts are called proto-oncogenes, which regulate cell growth. Activation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes, such as via mutation, can accelerate cell growth and division leading to cancer.
3. Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that protect the cell. Their absence can allow
Biomolecular news
1. Researchers have discovered a new four-stranded quadruple helix DNA structure called G-quadruplexes that exists in human genomes, particularly in regions rich in guanine. These quadruplexes are more common in rapidly dividing cells like cancer cells.
2. A separate study identified new sites in cells where DNA breaks early in the replication process. These break sites correlate with damage seen in cancers like diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Comparing mouse and human cells, both exhibit similar trends of genome instability at these sites.
3. Discoveries of DNA structures and break sites help understand the origins of diseases and cancer, offering new treatment approaches through stopping replication in cancer cells or addressing instability.
Neuroblastoma research paper(2015)
in this research paper ,researchers found a new therapeutic drug that is SULFASALAZINE for the treatment of neuroblastoma that has a action on SEPIATERIN REDUCTASE
Genome mapping
Genetic mapping involves constructing maps that show the positions of genes and other sequences on a genome. It uses genetic techniques like cross-breeding experiments or examining family histories. Markers like genes, RFLPs, SSLPs, and SNPs are used in mapping. Genetic mapping is based on genetic linkage and inheritance. By determining the recombination frequency between markers, which is proportional to their distance apart, a genetic map can be constructed showing the relative positions of genes on chromosomes.
Gene therapy - a Powerpoint Presentation
This document discusses gene therapy for the treatment of cancer. It begins by explaining what genes are and how they relate to cancer development. It then describes the process of making gene therapy medicine, which involves using a modified adenovirus to deliver a tumor suppressor gene like p53 into cancer cells. The document explains how gene therapy works by having the adenovirus deliver the tumor suppressor gene into the cancer cell nucleus, where it causes the cancer cell to self-destruct. It notes that gene therapy can be administered directly into tumors or systemically via injection. The document concludes by presenting examples of patients who were
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is caused by mutations (changes) in certain genes. Over the past few decades, scientists have learned how certain changes in a person’s DNA can cause cells of the retina to become cancerous. The DNA in each of our cells makes up our genes, which are the instructions for how our cells function. We usually look like our parents because they are the source of our DNA. But DNA affects much more than how we look. Some genes control when our cells grow, divide into new cells, and die at the right time. Certain genes that help cells grow, divide, or stay alive are called oncogenes. Others that slow down cell division or cause cells to die at the right time are called tumor suppressor genes. Cancers can be caused by DNA changes that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. The most important gene in retinoblastoma is the RB1 tumor suppressor gene. This gene makes a protein (pRb) that helps stop cells from growing too quickly. Each cell normally has 2 RB1 genes. As long as a retinal cell has at least one RB1 gene that works as it should, it will not form a retinoblastoma. But when both of the RB1 genes are mutated or missing, a cell can grow unchecked. This can lead to further gene changes, which in turn may cause cells to become cancerous.
Human genome
The human genome consists of the complete set of genetic information encoded as DNA sequences within 23 chromosome pairs and mitochondria. While there are differences among individuals, these differences are smaller than between humans and other species like chimpanzees. The genome includes both protein-coding genes and noncoding DNA, which can regulate genes or have other functions. Some common genetic disorders are caused by mutations in single genes, like cystic fibrosis from mutations in the CFTR gene. While individually rare, genetic disorders collectively represent a significant portion of medical conditions due to the many genes that can vary to cause disease.
Snp
This document discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It defines SNPs as single base changes in DNA sequences that occur in at least 1% of a large population. The document notes that while human genomes are 99.9% identical, there are positions where some people have one nucleotide pair while others have another, which are called SNPs. SNPs are described as the most common form of genetic variation, with over 90% of human genetic variations coming from SNPs. The uses and implications of SNPs are also summarized.
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...
The document discusses two scientific articles about discoveries related to cancer recurrence and stem cells. The first article describes a DNA-repairing protein that may help prevent cancer recurrence by allowing cancer cells to repair DNA damage from chemotherapy. The second article finds that a retrovirus present in the human genome is active in pluripotent stem cells and could help develop new gene therapy treatments.
Antisense and RNAi
it will provide an overview of the mechanism of interference at RNA level which can be utilized for the silencing of the undesirable gene.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic variations that occur when a single nucleotide differs between members of a species. SNPs are very common, occurring around every 300 bases, and are useful for studying genetic contributions to diseases and drug responses. Researchers can identify SNPs by comparing genome sequences from many individuals and generating SNP maps and profiles that show common genetic variations.
7. molecular genetics
This document covers molecular genetics and genetic engineering, including DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis through transcription and translation, the genetic code, the human genome and its uses for diagnosis, therapy and research. It also discusses genetic engineering techniques like PCR and their uses in research, forensics and testing, as well as risks and applications in biotechnology for agriculture like GMOs and in biomedicine like gene therapy and production of human substances.
Dna repair
This document summarizes two research articles about DNA repair and telomeres. The first article finds that telomeres get shorter with each cell division, protecting cells from premature senescence. It also finds that an RNA species called TERRA accumulates at critically short telomeres, signaling the cell to repair its DNA or stop dividing. The second article discovers that cancer cells may streamline their genomes by reducing redundant ribosomal DNA to proliferate more easily. Both articles highlight the importance of DNA repair mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation and preventing unwanted cell division like cancer.
Lecture 2
1. Genetic linkage maps show the relative locations of DNA markers along chromosomes, while physical maps show the exact positions of genes and sequences.
2. Major methods for genetic mapping are RFLPs, microsatellites, and SNPs, while physical mapping uses restriction fingerprinting, chromosome walking, STS mapping, and FISH.
3. Gene mapping is useful for locating gene positions, estimating genetic risk, and has aided in fully sequencing genomes like yeast, worms, flies, mice, and humans.
What's hot (20)
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
Biology of cancer, lecture 2 tumor viruses,oncogenes,tsgs
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...
Viewers also liked
Hiv
HIV attacks the immune system, making it unable to fight infection. AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV that results from destruction of the immune system. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS are flu-like or mononucleosis-like. HIV/AIDS can be transmitted sexually or through blood transfusions and intravenous drug use. Prevention methods include safe sex practices and safe needle use. Treatment includes antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV and prevent opportunistic infections.
Biology :Immune Suppression (HIV)
Here were i explain how actually HIV gets viral in our immune system. Get through the diagrams , it actually helps a lot :)
Polymer Chemistry
This document provides an overview of polymer chemistry course content including synthesis of polymers, characterization of polymer molecules, molecular weight determination, and polymer structures. It discusses different types of polymers such as thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and their properties. The key topics covered are polymerization reactions, molecular weight averages, polymer configurations including isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic, nomenclature, and the importance of molecular weight on polymer properties.
Biology investigatory project on mitiosis
The document describes an experiment to observe and count the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells. The student hypothesized that prophase would have the most cells since it is the longest phase. Root tips were treated with acid, sliced, stained, and viewed under a microscope. Over 1000 cells were counted and grouped by phase. The results showed interphase had the most cells at 61.28%, suggesting it is the longest phase, taking 14 hours 42 minutes. Prophase was second longest at 20.10% of cells and 4 hours 49 minutes. The experiment provided data to analyze time spent in each mitotic phase.
Polymer Chemistry
This document discusses polymer characteristics and classifications. It defines polymers as long molecules composed of repeating monomer units bonded together, and describes different polymer structures like linear, branched and crosslinked. Polymers are classified as thermoplastics, elastomers or thermosets based on their properties when heated. Thermoplastics can be remelted and reshaped, elastomers stretch and snap back, and thermosets become rigid after forming and cannot be remelted. The document also outlines different polymer synthesis reactions like polycondensation and polyaddition.
Biology project
This document is a biology project on immunity submitted by Rahul Tripathi of class XII to his teacher Mr. Vikas Dixit. It contains an introduction, table of contents, chapters on the immune system including the fluid system, granulocytes, agranulocytes, lymphocytes, defense mechanisms, types of immunity like innate and adaptive immunity, and a conclusion thanking the teacher. The project aims to explain the key concepts of the immune system through chapters on its various components and functions to build understanding of how the body resists diseases.
Viewers also liked (6)
Similar to Molecular Biology on Cancer and HIV
Study Demonstrates Effectiveness of combination therapy for breast cancer cel...
The document discusses two studies: 1) A combination therapy for breast cancer cells that was shown to be effective in vitro, targeting genes that promote cancer cell growth. 2) A safer alternative gene therapy for HIV infection that uses zinc finger nucleases to eliminate the CCR5 receptor in T cells, making them resistant to HIV. The therapies show promise for treating cancers resistant to chemotherapy and providing an effective treatment for HIV infection.
Gene therapy
The document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat genetic diseases. It describes how gene therapy works by introducing functional genes into cells to replace defective genes causing disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl with ADA-SCID by inserting a functional ADA gene. While promising, gene therapy faces challenges like short-lived effects and safety issues that must still be addressed.
Dev gene therapy
The document discusses gene therapy, including:
1. Defining genes and discussing early milestones in gene isolation and engineering.
2. Explaining the goal of gene therapy to introduce normal genes to compensate for defective genes.
3. Describing various methods of gene delivery including viral and non-viral vectors.
4. Discussing challenges in targeting specific cells/tissues and ensuring safe expression levels.
genetherapy-131009190236-phpapp02.pptx
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. It works by correcting defective genes that cause diseases. The first approved gene therapy occurred in 1990 when a child with ADA-SCID was treated. There are two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell therapy targets body cells while germline therapy affects eggs and sperm. Significant challenges remain for gene therapy including developing safe methods for long-term effects and ensuring equitable access to new treatments. However, gene therapy has potential to cure many inherited diseases and revolutionize medicine.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy is the process of inserting therapeutic genes into cells to prevent or cure wide range of diseases. The newly introduced genes will encode proteins and correct the deficiencies that occur in genetic diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease, and keep organism in good health. It is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease and development.
Gene Therapy.pdf
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including what it is, different types and approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal gene responsible for a disease. It can be done via in vivo or ex vivo methods. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. While gene therapy holds promise to treat genetic diseases, it also faces challenges such as short-lived effects and safety issues.
Gene therapy
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including its types, approaches, vectors used, delivery methods, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into cells to replace missing or defective genes and correct genetic disorders. The first approved gene therapy experiment treated a child for ADA-SCID. Somatic and germline gene therapy are the two main types. Vectors deliver therapeutic genes and include viral vectors like retroviruses and lentiviruses and non-viral methods. Applications show promise for diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and neurological disorders. However, risks include toxicity, immune responses, and unpredictable effects that require further research.
Gene Therapy;Boon Or Adversary To Humanity
Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into patients to compensate for mutated genes that cause disease. It works by using a vector to deliver the therapeutic gene into a target cell, allowing functional proteins to be produced and returning the cell to a normal state. There are two main types - germline gene therapy, which can pass therapeutic effects to future generations, and somatic gene therapy, which only affects the individual patient. While initial gene therapy trials showed promise, there have also been safety issues, as in 1999 a patient died due to an immune response to the adenovirus vector. Researchers continue working to address risks before conducting further human clinical trials.
Advance gene therapy
Gene therapy was once considered imaginary but has since made progress, including the first approved gene therapy treatment in 1990 for a girl with ADA deficiency. Gene therapy involves inserting genes into a person's cells to treat or prevent disease by replacing missing or defective genes. It can be done through viral or non-viral vectors and ex vivo or in vivo approaches. Recent advances include using gene therapy to regenerate heart cells in mice, MRI-guided brain cancer gene therapy, and stem cell gene therapy showing promise for treating neurological diseases. However, gene therapy still faces challenges like short-lived effects, immune responses, and difficulties treating multi-gene disorders.
Gene therapy ppt
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into patients to replace abnormal genes that cause disease. It is being studied for many diseases like immunodeficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's, and cancer. The first gene therapy occurred in 1990 and involved treating a genetic immune deficiency. While it offers potential cures, there are also risks and ethical concerns around its use.
Gene Remedy: A New-Fangled Line of Attack to Pay for Sicknesses
Gene therapy involves modifying genes to treat diseases. Genes contain the code for proteins that govern bodily functions. Mutated genes can cause diseases like cancer. Gene therapy aims to replace or suppress mutated genes. Genes are delivered using viral or non-viral vectors like viruses or plasmids. Ex vivo gene therapy extracts cells, inserts genes, and reinserts cells, while in vivo inserts genes directly. Clinical trials show gene therapy can treat diseases like hemophilia, leukemia, and blindness. However, safety issues around gene insertion and immune response remain challenges.
01_IJPSCR_2020_0001.pdf
Gene therapy involves modifying genes to treat diseases. Genes contain codes to produce proteins that govern bodily functions. Mutated genes can cause diseases like cancer. Gene therapy aims to replace or suppress mutated genes using vectors to deliver new genes. Vectors include viruses modified to not cause disease and non-viral methods like naked DNA or liposomes. Gene therapy has shown promise in treating diseases like hemophilia, leukemia, and blindness, and is being studied for other untreatable diseases. However, safety issues remain to be addressed before it becomes more widely used clinically.
Gene therapy Otolaryngology
This presentation discusses the role of Gene therapy in the management of otolaryngological disorders
GENE THERAPY
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including types, approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and recent advances. It discusses somatic cell gene therapy, which aims to correct genetic defects in non-reproductive cells, and germline gene therapy, which could pass alterations to future generations but poses more risks. Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches are described. Viral and non-viral vectors as well as various delivery methods are outlined. Some applications including cystic fibrosis and cancer are highlighted. Risks and ethical considerations are also mentioned.
Gene therapy
Novel approach to treat, cure or ultimately prevent a disease by changing the expression of a person’s genes
GENE THERAPY
This document provides an overview of gene therapy. It defines gene therapy as an experimental technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease. It describes the main approaches like somatic cell gene therapy and germline gene therapy. It also discusses viral and non-viral vectors, delivery methods like in vivo and ex vivo, advantages like curing genetic diseases, and challenges like short-term effects and safety issues. Recent developments show promise for treating diseases like blindness and Parkinson's.
Presentación del plegable
The document discusses the importance of DNA replication for life and medicine. DNA replication is essential for cell division and is targeted by chemotherapy drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Understanding DNA replication better through research could help develop preventative treatments for diseases and improve medical knowledge.
Lgis gene therapy
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID in 1990. There are two main types: somatic cell gene therapy targets body cells and is not inherited, while germline gene therapy targets germ cells and is inherited. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases but also faces challenges in achieving long-term effects, immune responses, and ethical concerns.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into cells to treat genetic diseases. There are two main methods - using viruses as vectors to deliver genes (viral vectors) or delivering naked DNA. Researchers are studying gene therapy for diseases like cancer, HIV, hemophilia and more. Some successes include treating blindness caused by a genetic defect using a virus to deliver a healthy gene to the eyes. Gene therapy has also reduced Parkinson's disease symptoms by delivering a gene to the brain to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters. While offering hope, gene therapy also faces challenges in terms of safety, cost and ethical issues.
Similar to Molecular Biology on Cancer and HIV (20)
Study Demonstrates Effectiveness of combination therapy for breast cancer cel...
Study Demonstrates Effectiveness of combination therapy for breast cancer cel...
Gene Remedy: A New-Fangled Line of Attack to Pay for Sicknesses
Gene Remedy: A New-Fangled Line of Attack to Pay for Sicknesses
Recently uploaded
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. 5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Exercise 1 of Microbiology and Parasitology which is the parts of the microscope and their uses
Nutritional deficiency disorder in Child
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Home
Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Brain specific drug delivery.pptx -Mpharm
BBB and BCF
control the entry of compounds into the brain and
regulate brain homeostasis.
restricts access to brain cells of blood–borne compounds and
facilitates nutrients essential for normal metabolism to reach brain cells
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology as applied to Public Health
Allopurinol (Anti-gout drug).pptx
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Recently uploaded (20)
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Molecular Biology on Cancer and HIV
- 1. Steven Olaya Ramírez Medical Student July 23, 2012
- 5. STUDY DEMOSTRATES EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY FOR BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO A study conducted at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) demonstrates an effective combination therapy for breast cancer cells in vitro. News Medical July 3, 2012
- 6. New therapy testead In Vitro A combination of an epigenetic drug with a protease inhibitor on breast cancer cell lines That are hormone responsive and breast cancer lines, like triple negative, that are not hormone responsive
- 7. Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) and calpeptin Inhibits calpain, a protein involved in the regulation of signaling proteins
- 8. HDCAi CALPEPTIN Inhibited cell growth and increased cell death in both cancer cell lines
- 9. I think that last study is so important for keep moving forward in the search of a treatment for the breast cancer that is so devastating for the female population. In the article says that cancer is like a car without brakes, so if this therapy stop the car with HDACi as brakes for the cell growth, it could be a brilliant discover that deserves attention and a good investment; maybe others researchers would join the research.
- 10. SAFER ALTERNATIVE TO EXPERIMENTAL GENE THERAPY AGAINST HIV INFECTION Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have discovered a surprisingly simple and safe method to disrupt specific genes within cells. The scientists highlighted the medical potential of the new technique by demonstrating its use as a safer alternative to an experimental gene therapy against HIV infection. News Medical July 2, 2012
- 11. New technique employs zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) proteins It can bind and cut DNA at precisely defined locations in the genome ZFN in DNA
- 12. So the standard ZFN ZFN proteins cannot delivery method has cross cell membranes been a gene-therapy technique employing a relatively harmless virus to carry a designer ZFN gene into cells Inside, ZFN gene starts producing ZFN proteins, which seek and destroy their target gene
- 13. Virus delivery method has two basic risks Viral DNA may end up ZFN genes could end up being incorporated producing too many ZFN randomly into cellular proteins, resulting in a DNA, disrupting a high number of "off- valuable gene such as a target" DNA cuts tumor-suppressor gene
- 14. My opinion is that ZFN proteins are a very interesting alternative for the treatment of certain diseases that can be worked with gene therapy, also presents itself as a safer option and accurate than other types of gene therapy, which deserves to be taken into account in certain researches. And although this method has a transport risk (viral transport), also has another points that makes this therapy safest than others.
- 15. Theuse of combination therapies that can be prescribed to a patient for treatment of their disease, in this specific case of breast cancer.
- 16. Ifthe combination of therapies is successful, it creates the possibility to attack breast cancer and prevent more women continue to die around the world.
- 17. Withthe techniques of gene therapy can treat certain diseases (in this specific case of HIV infection) and also prevent others may appear in the course of life, DNA modification opens new doors to medicine.
- 18. HIV is in parts of the world an epidemic, for example in parts of africa, this new therapy that comes out gives new hope to combat this virus that has claimed the lives of many people on the planet.
- 19. Study demonstrates effectiveness of combination therapy for breast cancer cells in vitro. News medical .(July 3, 2012) Saferalternative to experimental gene therapy against HIV infection. News medical. (July 2,2012) Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina.