This document covers molecular genetics and genetic engineering, including DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis through transcription and translation, the genetic code, the human genome and its uses for diagnosis, therapy and research. It also discusses genetic engineering techniques like PCR and their uses in research, forensics and testing, as well as risks and applications in biotechnology for agriculture like GMOs and in biomedicine like gene therapy and production of human substances.

1. UNIT 6
MOLECULAR GENETICS

2. NUCLEOTIDE

4. DNA STRUCTURE

6. DNA DUPLICATTION

7. REPLICATION OF DNA

8. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

10. TRANSCRIPTION

11. Transfer RNA

12. TRANSLATION

13. GENETIC CODE

14. HUMAN GENOME
Diagnosis
Therapy
Medicines
Research

15. GENETIC ENGINEERING

16. PCR

17. USES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
Biological research
Forensic medicine
Paternity test
Historical and paleontological studies
RISKS
Genes could spread from laboratories
Ethical dilemmas

18. BIOTECHNOLOGY
AGRICULTURE:
Cloning
Genetically Modified Organisms

19. BIOMEDICINE
Production of human substances
Prevention of genetic diseases
Gene therapy
Use of genetically modified substances