Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.
## To understand how cancer develops and progresses, researchers first need to investigate the biological differences between normal cells and cancer cells. This work focuses on the mechanisms that underlie fundamental processes such as cell growth, the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells, and the spread, or metastasis, of cancer cells.
The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15
years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we
present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it
is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer.
Cell within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor”.
“CSC can thus only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of a continuously growing tumor”.
In this presentation, I discuss a new standard of treatment in cancers which is immunotherapy. I also discuss the few cancers for which it has been approved.
Powerpoint presentation of CDK inhibitors as cancer treatment. Cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and cell cycle plays vital role in cell proliferation. Therefore by controlling the activity of cell cycle we can bring cancer in control.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.
## To understand how cancer develops and progresses, researchers first need to investigate the biological differences between normal cells and cancer cells. This work focuses on the mechanisms that underlie fundamental processes such as cell growth, the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells, and the spread, or metastasis, of cancer cells.
The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15
years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we
present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it
is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer.
Cell within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor”.
“CSC can thus only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of a continuously growing tumor”.
In this presentation, I discuss a new standard of treatment in cancers which is immunotherapy. I also discuss the few cancers for which it has been approved.
Powerpoint presentation of CDK inhibitors as cancer treatment. Cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and cell cycle plays vital role in cell proliferation. Therefore by controlling the activity of cell cycle we can bring cancer in control.
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are mutated or expressed at high levels. Most normal cells undergo a programmed form of rapid cell death (apoptosis) when critical functions are altered.
International Journal of Cancer Studies & Research (IJCR) ISSN:2167-9118 is a comprehensive, peer reviewed journal devoted to cancer studies and research. IJCR, published by SciDoc is an open access journal that includes high quality papers, which covers all major areas of Cancer and its related fields. SciDoc with its Open Access publication model spreads all the day-to-day developments and research to readers around the world.
Just like the Dr. Henry Jekyll & Mr. Edward Hyde from the 'Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde' written by R. L. Stevenson, in our body, there are several genes which behave exactly like them. When these genes are the good guys they are called Proto-Oncogenes and when they are the bad guys they are Oncogenes.
Each January, the best and brightest minds in colorectal cancer research meet at the Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Fight Colorectal Cancer and the Colon Cancer Alliance are partnering to bring you the big news in colorectal cancer from the 2013 symposium.
Join us to learn more about these topics:
- Can aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) keep cancer from returning?
- The relationship of body mass index (BMI) and exercise in colorectal cancer
- What scientists are learning about how your immune system can fight cancer
- The latest on what biomarkers can tell us about your cancer
- Rectal cancer treatment that is based on your biological make-up
The webinar will be led by Dr. Richard Goldberg, an internationally renowned gastrointestinal oncologist who specializes in colorectal cancer. He is a tenured professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at The Ohio State University and serves as physician-in-chief at Ohio State’s Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James).
Introduction to Cancer
Stem cells and cancer cells
major pathways that lead to formation of tumors.
Tumor Supressors
Colon cancer to prove Knudson hypothesis.
The modern treatments available to treat cancer.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
21. Genes and Cancer
Viruses
Chemicals Radiation
Heredity
Chemicals (e.g., from smoking), radiation, viruses, and Chromosomes
heredity all contribute to the development of cancer by are DNA
triggering changes in a cell’s genes molecules
22. Oncogenes or tumor genes are genes with potential properties for the
induction of neoplastic transformation
(either in natural or experimental conditions)
(Duesberg 1980)
Normal cellular genes with the potential to become oncogenes
are called proto-oncogenes
24. Proto-Oncogenes and Normal Cell Growth
Normal Growth-Control Pathway
Growth factor
Receptor
Signaling enzymes
Transcription
factors
Cell nucleus DNA
Cell proliferation
Oncogenes are related to normal genes called proto-oncogenes that encode components of the cell’s normal
growth-control pathway. Some of these components are growth factors, receptors, signaling enzymes, and
transcription factors. Growth factors bind to receptors on the cell surface, which activate signaling enzymes
inside the cell that, in turn, activate special proteins called transcription factors inside the cell’s nucleus. The
activated transcription factors “turn on” the genes required for cell growth and proliferation.
25. Normal cell Normal
genes
regulate
cell growth
Oncogenes
Cancer cell accelerate
cell growth
and division
Oncogenes are genes whose PRESENCE in
Mutated/damaged oncogene certain forms and/or overactivity can
stimulate the development of cancer.
26. Oncogenes or tumor genes are genes with potential properties for the
induction of neoplastic transformation
(either in natural or experimental conditions)
(Duesberg 1980)
The word oncogene comes from the word ‘onkos ‘ meaning tumor
29. When an oncogene becomes activated it might
cause cancer
Proto-oncogene -> oncogene -> other steps -> cancer
30. Activation of Oncogenes
1. Mutation
a. Insertional mutagenesis
b. Point mutagenesis
2. Amplification
3. Translocation
31. Mutation : A mutation is a permanent change in
the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a
gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid
sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.
33. Activation of oncogenes
1b. Mutagenesis of oncogenes
Altered polypeptides produced by mutant oncogenes could be
related to the origin of some human tumors
39. Activation of oncogenes
3. Translocation
A chromosome translocation is a chromosome A karyotype is the number and appearance
abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts of chromosomes in the nucleus of a
between nonhomologous chromosomes. A gene eukaryote cell
fusion may be created when the translocation
joins two otherwise separated genes, the
occurrence of which is common in cancer.
45. Tumor Suppressor Genes
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes whose ABSENCE
can lead to cancer
i.e. Tumor suppressor genes protect the cell
46. Tumor Suppressor Genes - Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes whose ABSENCE can lead to cancer
i.e. Tumor suppressor genes protect the cell
Normal cell Normal
genes
prevent
cancer
Remove or inactivate
tumor suppressor genes
Cancer cell Damage to
both genes
leads to
cancer
Mutated/inactivated If a pair of tumor suppressor genes are either
tumor suppressor genes lost from a cell or inactivated by mutation,
their functional absence might allow cancer
to develop
47. Tumor Suppressor Genes
Act Like a Brake Pedal
Tumor Suppressor
Gene Proteins
Growth factor
Receptor
Signaling
enzymes Transcription
factors
Cell nucleus DNA
Cell proliferation
Tumor suppressor genes are a family of normal genes that instruct cells to produce proteins that restrain cell growth and division. Since tumor
suppressor genes code for proteins that slow down cell growth and division, the loss of such proteins allows a cell to grow and divide in an
uncontrolled fashion. Tumor suppressor genes are like the brake pedal of an automobile. The loss of a tumor suppressor gene function is like
having a brake pedal that does not function properly, thereby allowing the cell to grow and divide continually.
49. p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein
Triggers Cell Suicide
p53 protein
Normal cell Excessive DNA damage Cell suicide
(Apoptosis)
One particular tumor suppressor gene codes for a protein called “p53” that can trigger cell suicide (apoptosis). In cells
that have undergone DNA damage, the p53 protein acts like a brake pedal to halt cell growth and division. If the damage
cannot be repaired, the p53 protein eventually initiates cell suicide, thereby preventing the genetically damaged cell
from growing out of control.
55. Oncogenes or tumor genes are genes with potential properties for the
induction of neoplastic transformation either in natural
or experimental conditions
(Duesberg 1980)
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes whose ABSENCE
can lead to cancer
56. “Never, never, never give up”
Winston Churchill
1966
Nobel prize in
Physiology and medicine